Whan That Aprill with His Shoures Sote

Prologue to Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales

Whan that Aprill with his shoures sote°
The droghte° of Marche hath perced to the rote,°
And bathed every veyne° in swich licour,°
Of which vertu° engendred is the flour;
Whan Zephirus° eek with his swete breeth
Inspired° hath in every holt° and heeth°
The tendre croppes,° and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours y-ronne;1
And smale fowles° maken melodye,
That slepen al the night with open yë°—
So priketh hem Nature in hir corages2—
Than longen° folk to goon° on pilgrimages,
And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes,3
To ferne halwes,° couthe° in sondry londes;
And specially, from every shires ende
Of Engelond to Caunterbury they wende,
The holy blisful martir4 for to seke,°
That hem hath holpen,° whan that they were seke.°
Bifel° that, in that seson on a day,
In Southwerk at the Tabard° as I lay°
Redy to wenden° on my pilgrimage
To Caunterbury with ful devout corage,°
At night was come into that hostelrye°
Wel nyne and twenty in a companye,
Of sondry folk, by aventure° y-falle°
In felaweshipe, and pilgrims were they alle,
That toward Caunterbury wolden° ryde.
The chambres° and the stables weren wyde,°
And wel we weren esed° atte beste.°
And shortly, whan the sonne was to° reste,
So hadde I spoken with hem everichon°
That I was of hir felawshipe anon,
And made forward° erly for to ryse,
To take oure wey, ther as I yow devyse.°
But natheles,° whyl I have tyme and space,
Er that I ferther in this tale pace,°
Me thinketh it acordaunt to resoun5
To telle yow al the condicioun6
Of ech of hem, so as it semed me,°
And whiche° they weren, and of what degree,°
And eek in what array° that they were inne;
And at a knight than wol° I first biginne.
/ sweet showers
dryness / root
vein / such moisture
By power of which
the west wind
Breathed into / wood / heath
sprouts
Ram y-ronne1
birds
eye(s)
Nature corages2
Then long / go
And strondes3
far-off shires /known
seek
helped / sick
It befell
(an inn) / lodged
depart
heart
inn
chance / fallen

wished to
bedrooms / spacious
made comfortable / in the best (ways)
at
each and every one
agreement
(will) tell
nevertheless
pass on
seemed to me
what / status
clothing
will
1.  Has run his half-course in the Ram; i.e., has passed through half the zodiacal sign of Aries (the Ram), a course completed on April 11. A rhetorically decorative way of indicating the time of year.
2.  Nature so spurs them in their hearts.
3.  And pilgrims to seek foreign shores.
4.  Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, murdered in 1170 and canonized shortly thereafter. The place of his martyrdom was the greatest shrine in England and much visited by pilgrims.
5.  It seems to me reasonable (proper).
6.  Character, estate, condition. Chaucer, Geoffrey. "The General Prologue." The Canterbury Tales.
V. A. Kolve, ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1989. 3-4.

Chaucer, Geoffrey. "The General Prologue." The Canterbury Tales.Audio Reading. Anniina Jokinen, narrator. Luminarium.
28 Nov 2006. [Date you accessed this article]. <http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/gp.htm