McCafferty/ Boyd ELA 7 Posttest Study Guide
Terms to Know/Define:
1. Poetry/ProsePoetry is language spoken or written according to some pattern of recurrence that emphasises relationships between words on the basis of sound as well as meaning. This pattern is almost always a rhythm or metre (regular pattern of sound units). This pattern may be supplemented by ornamentation such as rhyme or alliteration or both.
Prose is the form of written language that is not organized according to formal patterns of verse. It may have some sort of rhythm and some devices of repetition and balance, but these are not governed by regularly sustained formal arrangement. The significant unit is the sentence, not the line. Hence it is represented without line breaks in writing.
2. Organizational structures- these are types of expository writing-problem & solution, cause & effect, compare & contrast, chronological order
3. Repetition-repetition often appears in poetry. Words, phrases, and/or lines of poetry can be repeated
4. Allusion-An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to a place, person, or something that happened. This can be real or imaginary and may refer to anything, including paintings, opera, folk lore, mythical figures, or religious manuscripts. The reference can be direct or may be inferred, and can broaden the reader’s understanding. “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.” – “Romeo” is a reference to Shakespeare’s Romeo, a passionate lover of Juliet, in “Romeo and Juliet”.
●The rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora’s box of crimes. – This is an allusion to one of Greek Mythology’s origin myth, “Pandora’s box”.
●“This place is like a Garden of Eden.” – This is a biblical allusion to the “garden of God” in the Book of Genesis.
●“Hey! Guess who the new Newton of our school is?” – “Newton”, means a genius student, alludes to a famous scientist Isaac Newton.
●“Stop acting like my ex-husband please.” – Apart from scholarly allusions we refer to common people and places in our speech.
5. Contrasts-how things are different/compare-how things are alike
6. Excerpt-a passage or quotation taken or selected from a book, document, film,or the like; extract.
7. Narrator-a person who gives an account or tells the story of events,experiences, etc.
8. Author’s purpose-entertain, inform (expository), persuade, describe
9. Simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound-complex sentence
10. Misplaced modifier-Recognize a misplaced modifier when you see one.
Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description to sentences. Typically, you will find a modifier snuggled right next to—either in front of or behind—the word it logically describes. Take the simple, one-word adjectiveblue. If we add it to the sentence that follows, where should it go?
At a downtown dealership, Kara bought a truck from a salesman with a comb over.
Should we locate blue next to dealership? A blue downtown dealership? A blue Kara? A blue salesman? Of course not! Logic dictates that blue can describe only one word, truck, so we must place the modifier next to that word:
At a downtown dealership, Kara bought a blue truck from a salesman with a comb over.
In a similar manner, multi-word phrases and clauses often go right next to the word they describe. Here are some examples:
Gazing out the window, Paul missed the homework assignment that Prof. Zuromski wrote on the board.
11. Dangling modifier-A dangling modifier is a phrase or clause which says something different from what is meant because words are left out. The meaning of the sentence, therefore, is left "dangling."
Incorrect: While driving on Greenwood Avenue yesterday afternoon, a tree began to fall toward Wendy H's car.
(It sounds like the tree was driving! This actually appeared in a newspaper article. An alert reader wrote, "Is the Department of Motor Vehicles branching out and issuing licenses to hardwoods? Have they taken leaf of their senses?")
12. Simple sentence- Ex. The company plans to market the product overseas.
13. Complex sentence -Ex. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
14. Compound sentence- Ex. Alex played football, so Maria went shopping.
15. Compound Complex Sentence- Ex. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.
16. Topic sentence-tells the main idea of a paragraph/is usually the first sentence in a paragraph
17. Concluding (clincher) sentence-
18. Problem and solution-is a type of expository writing-identifies the problem and offers a solution or possible solutions
19.Unifying idea-what ties the parts of a paragraph or essay together? What is that piece of writing about?
20. Informal vs. formal tone-Consider your topic, audience, and purpose/how should you begin? vocabulary choices?
21.Relevant vs. irrelevant-Relevant means related to and important for the topic at hand/irrelevant means not related to or important for the topic at hand
22. Prefixes and suffixes-See chart you have previously received-prefixes are at the beginning/suffixes are at the end
23. Spelling-you will need to remember spelling rules and follow them
FANBOYS is the acronym for conjunctions used in compound sentences (These are coordinating conjunctions). They will be used with a comma to join 2 independent clauses together.
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Complex Sentences use subordinating conjunctions such as because, since, after, although, or when(there are also many others) or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which
Tell whether the following sentences are simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.
24. Vampires Diaries is my favorite television show, but I also love Pretty Little Liars.CD
25. The student wiped the white board that was filthy with last week’s notes. CX
26. The trendy fashion designer released her new line on Wednesday. S
27. Trina and Hareem went to a bar in Hollywood to celebrate their anniversary. S
28. Wicked Regina cast a spell on the entire city, so the citizens decided to rebel. CD
29. While waiting for the paint to dry, Angela went to Home Depot, and Martin organized the kitchen appliances. CX
30. After listening to the Kanye West CD, I have new respect for his music. S
31. After the teacher chose groups, John and Sara were selected as partners for a project, yet, Sarah did most of the work. CD-CX
Identifying Narrative Perspective
Directions: Read the following passages and determine the narrative perspective, then explain how you were able to identify the point of view- if the passage is third person, explain which character’s thoughts are revealed.
Narrative Perspective (point of view): first-person, second-person, third-person objective, third-person limited, third-person omniscient.32. Tuck Everlasting by Natalie Babbitt
At dawn, Mae Tuck set out on her horse for the wood at the edge of the village of Treegap. She was going there, as she did once every ten years, to meet her two sons, Miles and Jesse, and she was feeling at ease. At noon time, Winnie Foster, whose family owned the Treegap wood, lost her patience at last and decided to think about running away.
Narrative Perspective: Third Person Omniscient
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed?
Mae and Winnie’s thoughts are revealed.
33. The Baffled Parent's Guide to Great Basketball Drills by Jim Garland
Before each practice begins, make sure you check the court and remove any debris from the playing surface. When your players arrive, check that they have the proper footwear and that they’ve removed any jewelry, which could injure the player wearing the jewelry or another player. Always carry a list of emergency phone numbers for your players, and know where the nearest phone is located. You should also have a first-aid kit, and you might want to take a first-aid course.
Narrative Perspective: Second Person
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed? ______
34. How to grill by Steven Raichlen
Once you have your grill assembled, the next thing to decide is where to put it. A grill puts out a lot of heat, so you should position it several feet away from the side of the house or any plants or shrubbery. You’ll have an easier time with a spot that is sheltered from the wind. When positioning a grill on a wooden deck, remember that sparks and live embers can fall from a charcoal grill.
Narrative Perspective: Second Person
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed? ______
35. Alice's adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, John Tenniel
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, “and what is the use of a book,” thought Alice, “without pictures or conversations?” So she was considering, in her own mind whether the pleasure of making a daisy-chain would be worth the trouble of getting up and picking the daisies, when suddenly a White Rabbit with pink eyes ran close by her.
Narrative Perspective: Third Person Limited
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed? Alice’s thoughts are revealed.
36. Shiloh by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor
The day Shiloh come, we’re having us a big Sunday dinner. Dara Lynn’s dipping bread in her glass of cold tea, the way she likes, and Becky pushes her beans over the edge of her plate in her rush to get ’em down. Ma gives us her scolding look. We live high up in the hills above Friendly, but hardly anybody knows where that is. Friendly’s near Sistersville, which is halfway between Wheeling and Parkersburg. Used to be, my daddy told me, Sistersville was once of the best places you could live in the whole state.
Narrative Perspective: First Person
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed? ______
37. From the Mixed-up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler by E. L. Konigsburg
Claudia knew that she could never pull off the old-fashioned kind of running away. That is, running away in the heat of anger with a knapsack on her back. She didn’t like discomfort; therefore, she decided that her leaving home would not be just running from somewhere but would be running to somewhere. To a large place, a comfortable place, an indoor place, and preferably a beautiful place. And that’s why she decided upon the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Narrative Perspective: Third Person Limited
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed? Claudia’s thoughts are revealed.
38. White Fang by Jack London
They spoke no more until camp was made. Henry was bending over and adding ice to the bubbling pot of beans when he was startled by the sound of a sharp snarling cry of pain from among the dogs. Henry grunted with a tone that was not sympathy, and for a quarter of an hour they sat on in silence, Henry staring at the fire, and Bill at the circle of eyes that burned in the darkness just beyond the firelight.
Narrative Perspective: Third Person Objective
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed? ______
39. Mary Poppins by P. L. Travers, Mary Shepard
They found themselves in bed and watching, by the dim light from the night-light, the rest of Mary Poppin’s unpacking being performed. From the carpet bag she took out seven flannel nightgowns, four cotton ones, a pair of boots, a set of dominoes, two bathing-caps and a postcard album. Jane and Michael sat hugging themselves and watching. It was all so surprising that they could find nothing to say. But they knew, both of them, that something strange and wonderful had happened at Number Seventeen, Cherry-Tree Lane.
Narrative Perspective: Third Person Omniscient
If it is third-person, which character’s thoughts are revealed? Jane and Michael’s thoughts are revealed.
Read the descriptions of each item and determine the author's purpose in writing it (to entertain, persuade, describe or inform).
40. The Shakespeare tragedy Romeo and Juliet, where two young lovers are forbidden from seeing one another due to a centuries old blood feud between their two families.E
41. Skin Miracle's amazing Wrinkle Remover Cream will make you look younger in thirty days or less. This remarkable cream has special ingredients to make your wrinkles disappear. The cost for a thirty day supply is $25.99. You'll be amazed at what you see!P, D
42. The purple aliens landed with a crash and a boom. The residents of the small Iowa town ran in all directions as the multi-fingered creatures got off their spaceship. They landed right in front of the local cell phone store and appeared to be eager to check out Earth's communication technology. Fortunately, the salesman kept his head and showed the aliens many kinds of cell phones. The friendly purple creatures soon discovered that cell phones were cool. And lo and behold, the salesman had never seen anyone learn how to text so quickly. Maybe friendly aliens would do well on Earth after all.E
43. Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867 in Pepin, Wisconsin to Charles and Caroline Ingalls. She met and married James Wilder in 1885. She published many books based on her travels to the West. Her writing became the basis for the " Little House" series. She died in 1957.I, E
44.It was a glorious morning in Alabama. The sun was shining through the trees. Alan couldn't wait to find his fishing pole and call his friend Sam to go fishing. They had a great time on these early morning fishing trips. They took their dogs with them and the dogs would swim in the lake while they fished.E
45. A booklet containing the school rules and the consequences for violating those rules.I
46. A story written about a young boy who moves to a new school and is bullied, but he gains self-confidence by joining a sports team and learns to stand up for himself.E, I
47. Friday and Saturday only! Buy Top Brand lunchboxes now! Go green with these reusable containers! Save money at school and at work by packing your meals. Our lunchboxes are economical, practical, and good for the earth. Available in the latest colors! Select neon blue, lime green, brick red, sunny yellow, or camel tan. Buy one for each member of your family and save even more! Top Brand lunchboxes are on sale this weekend only for $11.99, or three for $35.00. Everyone wants Top Brand lunchboxes!P, D
48. If an author is giving you facts, their purpose in writing is to:inform
49. The Slim-O-Matic will cause you to lose pounds and inches from your body in one month. This amazing machine helps you to exercise correctly and provides an easy video to show you the proper way to exercise. Send $75.99 and begin exercising today. P
50. Tommy was not happy one little bit. His sister, Susan was making honor roll... again! His parents would let her do anything she wanted to do. Tommy was not making honor roll this time and he was not going to be allowed to do all the things he wanted to do. Poor Tommy! He decided he would just have to study harder and get back on the honor roll. He'd show them!E
51.. An instructional booklet describing how to operate an MP3 player.I
52. A story about a family trying to stick together and survive through the Great Depression in the Midwest in the 1930s.E
53. A poem about why the IPOD is the greatest consumer electronic device ever made.P
54. Katrina and her brother, Jesse were playing with the water hose outside one day. Jesse ran to the house to hide from Katrina so she wouldn't squirt him with the water. The back door opened, and Katrina pointed the water hose toward the door ready to squirt Jesse. To Katrina’™s surprise, it was Mom who was now dripping wet!E
55. When writing to an author's purpose is to share information that is typically real and factual.inform
56. The author's purpose is his or her reason for creating the work.
a.True
b.False
Correcting Misplaced Modifiers
If a modifier appears in the wrong place in a sentence, the meaning of the sentence may be confusing.
A modifier that is incorrectly placed is called a misplaced modifier. In most cases a modifier should be near the word or phrase it modifies.
Example 1:
Charles saw a dog on the way to the library.
This sentence seems to say that the dog was going to the library. It’s unlikely that a dog would go to the library. It really means Charles was going to the library. The sentence should be rewritten as:
On the way to the library, Charles saw a dog.
It would be even more confusing if there were two humans in the sentence.
Example 2:
Charles saw Ava on the way to the library.
This sentence says that Ava was going to the library, which is possible. If it was Charles who was going to the library, the sentence would be clearer this way: