Module: Restorative Materials
Faculty Teaching Guide for Dental Materials
Module - Restorative Materials
Faculty Teaching Guide for Dental Materials
Module: Restorative Materials
Review of Previous Module
Review topics from the previous module to confirm understanding prior to presenting new material.
Module Overview
Advances in dental materials have been rapid in the area of esthetics, such as the expanded application of composites for posterior restorations, and in the development of fluoride releasing glass ionomer cements and filling materials. This module discusses a large variety of dental materials that the dental assistant will use every day. Each material has unique properties in order to perform specific functions. Restorative dentistry, also called operative dentistry, provides direct restoration of tooth structure by reproducing the original shape of the tooth.
The Big Picture
Resources
This module utilizes the following learner resources:
Textbooks:
Dental Assisting, A Comprehensive Approach, 2nd edition, by Donna J. Phinney and Judy Halstead. Delmar Learning, 2004. ISBN 1-4018-3480-9.
Materials and Procedures for Today’s Dental Assistant, by Ellen Dietz, Delmar Learning, 2004. ISBN: 1401837336.
Workbook: Workbook to Accompany Dental Assisting, A Comprehensive Approach, 2nd edition, by Donna J. Phinney and Judy Halstead, prepared by Karen L. Waide, Delmar Learning, 2004. ISBN 1-4018-3483-3.
Instructor’s Manual: Instructor’s Manual to Accompany Delmar’s Dental Assisting, A Comprehensive Approach, 2nd edition, by Donna J. Phinney and Judy Halstead. Delmar Learning, 2004. ISBN 1-4018-3482-5.
Delmar’s Dental Assisting Video Series: Delmar Learning. ISBN 0-7668-1031-3.
Electronic CD-ROM: Delmar’s Dental Assisting Interactive Skills and Procedures CD-ROM, ISBN 1-4018-3485-X.
Faculty CD-ROM: The faculty CD-ROM includes this Faculty Guide and the PowerPoint for Dental Materials.
Additional Resources
Safety Standards and Infection Control for Dental Assistants, by Ellen Dietz. Delmar Learning, 2002. ISBN 0-7668-2659-7.
Electronic Classroom Manager to Accompany Delamr’s Dental Assisting, A Comprehensive Approach, 2nd edition, by Donna J. Phinney and Judy Halstead. Delmar Learning, 2004. ISBN: 1-4018-3484-1.
Section 1: Dental Cements
Section Overview
The mouth is a harsh environment. It is warm and moist, has corrosive conditions, experiences drastic temperature changes, as well as stresses involved during mastication. The properties of dental materials must be able to withstand these tough conditions and be biocompatible with the body.
Outline of Section 1
Part A: Dental Material Properties
Part B: Dental Cements
Learning Objectives and Competencies
These learning activities directly address the Learning Objectives and Competencies
as stated.
Knowledge:
1. Define the Key Terms.
Comprehension
2. Explain properties of dental materials.
3. List materials used to restore cavity preparations.
4. Explain composition, uses, and manipulation of dental cements.
Application:
5. Demonstrate manipulation of zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, and zinc oxide eugenol
cements.
Learning Activities
These learning activities directly address the Learning Objectives and Competencies as stated.
[Insert Homework Assignment icon] Key Term Glossary (Part A, All Objectives)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Set Up and Manipulating Calcium Hydroxide (Part A, Objective 3-4)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Prepare and Manipulate Resin Cements (Part A, Objective 3-4)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Prepare and Utilize Acid Etch Solution (Part A, Objectives 3-4)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Bonding Materials (Part A, Objectives 3-4)
[Insert Homework Assignment icon] Textbook Assignment (Parts A-B, All Objectives)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Zinc Phosphate Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Zinc Ozide Eugenol Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Polycarboxylate Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5)
Insert In-Class Activity icon] Glass Ionomer Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5)
[Insert Homework Assignment icon] Posttest (Part B, All Objectives)
Part A: Dental Material Properties
Overview
Dental materials must be compatible with the oral environment. They must be strong enough to withstand the forces of chewing, protect the tooth and oral tissues, not harmful to the body, resemble natural dentition, and be easily formed and placed in the mouth. This part examines the many diverse properties of dental restorative materials. Understanding these properties will enable the dental assistant to provide quality care and maximum patient comfort.
Initial Questions and Activities
1. Who of you have fillings in your teeth? Are they silver fillings or tooth colored?
There will be a variety of responses to this question depending on learners’ previous experience. Encourage learners to share their experiences with the class. Discuss with them how they will learn to help the dentist restore tooth structure for their patients, and that some of them may become expanded function dental assistants, placing and finishing these restorations themselves after the dentist prepares the tooth.
Key Concepts / References and Activities / Slides /Introduction to Module / Slides 1-2
Introduction to Section 1 / Slide 3
Key Terms / [Insert Home Ass icon] Key Term Glossary / Slide 4
Dental Material Properties / Chapter ___, pgs. ____ (Phinney & Halstead)
Chapters ____ (Dietz)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Set Up and Manipulating Calcium Hydroxide
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Prepare and Manipulate Resin Cements
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Prepare and Utilize Acid Etch Solution
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Bonding Materials
[Insert Home Ass icon] Textbook Assignment / Slides 5-6
[ ] Group Activities [ ] Homework [ ] Individual Activity [ ] Internet Activity [ ] In-Class Discussion [ ] In-Class Act [ ] Evaluation
[Insert In-Class Act icon] In-Class Activities
q Set Up and Manipulating Calcium Hydroxide (Part A, Objectives 3-4). Goal: To have learners set up for and manipulate calcium hydroxide. Instructor should ensure enough materials and supplies are available for the activity. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.
q Prepare and Manipulate Resin Cements (Part A, Objectives 3-4). Goal: To have learners prepare and manipulate resin cements in a two paste, powder/liquid, or syringe system. Learners should be placed into teams for this activity. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.
q Prepare and Utilize Acid Etch Solution (Part A, Objectives 3-4). Goal: To have learners prepare and utilize acid etch solution. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Ensure proper PPE is used by learners. Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.
q Manipulate Bonding Materials (Part A, Objectives 3-4). Goal: To have learners manipulate bonding materials. Instructor ensure enough materials and supplies are available for learners. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.
[Insert In-Class Dis Ques icon] In-Class Discussion
1. How should the patient be seated in the dental chair for the procedure if the filling is going to be in a
mandibular tooth?
The patient should be seated in a supine position with the light directed downward for mandibular illumination.
[Insert Home Ass icon] Homework Assignments
Key Term Glossary. Learners will define key terms listed in the PowerPoint presentation. They are to enter this glossary on disk, in a dedicated notebook or in a designated part of a notebook. They are expected to augment information from text or lecture with other resources including any available in the school or public libraries or on the Internet and will be graded at the end of the module on completeness and presentation.
Textbook Assignment. Learners are to read Chapter _____ (Phinney & Halstead).
Presentation Tools
Note: If you change Objectives or Assignments, don’t forget to change the slides accordingly.
Slide 1 / [Insert DM 2-1]DM – Stands for Dental Materials. The 1st number “2” represents the Module called Restorative Materials. The 2nd number indicates the slide number. / Power Point Presentation for Dental Materials with Labs
Module: Restorative Materials
Prior to introducing this module. Ask learners if any questions remain from the previous module. If questions remain review the material as needed.
Introduce this module.
Slide 2 / [Insert DM 2-2] / Module: Restorative Materials
Introduce the sections and each part.
Slide 3 / [Insert DM 2-3] / Section 1: Dental Cements
Discuss each objective in detail. Learners need to know what they will be learning and why. Try to relate it back to their careers as dental assistants.
Slide 4 / [Insert DM 2-4] / Key Terms (cont.)
Review each key term and discuss.
Homework Assignment: Stop here and go over the Key Term Glossary assignment.
Slide 5 / [Insert DM 2-5] / Part A: Dental Material Properties
Introduce learners to the many properties of dental materials. Go through each term and explain what it means.
Explain how many foods we eat are acidic and that even plaque has some acidic properties.
Discuss how adhesion is necessary for dental materials to be able to stay in place on the tooth.
Explain how normal biting forces in the posterior of the mouth are stronger than in the anterior areas.
Discuss how metals and alloys for restorations are susceptible to corrosion and tarnish.
Point out that aluminum, zinc, and nickel tend to oxidize relatively easily and that the more precious metals silver, platinum, and gold resist oxidation.
Explain that tooth structure and restorative materials in the mouth will expand when warmed by hot foods and beverages, but contract when exposed to cold substances, and that such expansions and contractions over time, may result in breaking the marginal seal of a filling.
Address how the elastic limit is the maximum stress a material will withstand without permanent deformation, and that certain materials will change shape or flow.
Discuss galvanic response resulting from dissimilar metal fillings in opposing or adjacent teeth, how this small electrical current is carried through the saliva to the pulp, and that the patient may call the office to say it is like they are biting on foil.
Explain that hardness is the toughness of a material, that microleakage can take place between the tooth and filling material at the margin where they meet, and discuss mechanical verses chemical retention.
Make clear that many dental cements are used underneath the stronger filling materials, to form a base in deep cavities, and to insulate the pulp from possible chemical and thermal trauma, because some cements can be dissolved if exposed to oral fluids.
Ensure understanding of how materials may conduct temperature, especially metal fillings, and how this causes expansion and contraction, and therefore dimensional change.
Question: Think of the last time you had a hot drink with cold food, or hot food and a cold drink. How did these temperature changes feel on your teeth and restorations?
Explain that viscosity is the resistance of a material to flow and that many materials used in dentistry need to be viscous. Explain that the wettability of a material is its property to flow over a surface.
Slide 6 / [Insert DM 2-6] / Biting Forces
Explain that tensile or tension forces are two sets of forces directed away from each other in a straight line, that compression is two sets of forces directed toward each other, and shear is two sets of forces directed parallel to each other.
Point out that force applied to a dental restoration may be a combination of tensile, compressive, and shear.
Short Activity: Stop and show Video #4 from Delmar’s Dental Video Series.
Part B: Dental Cements
Overview
A wide assortment of dental cements are used for various applications. They are dispensed as powder and liquid, two-paste systems, or in a capsule. Each has unique properties and specific functions. Dental assistant’s must thoroughly understand how to manipulate cements at chairside as well as the function of each.
Initial Questions and Activities
1. What would happen if a metal filling is placed near the tooth pulp?
The tooth would be very sensitive to temperature. Metal conducts temperature, so the dentist will line the cavity with a base or cement to insulate the pulp from thermal trauma.
2. Why would it be important for adhesion of crowns and bridges to tooth structure?
The prostheses must be cemented on the tooth or teeth and should last a lifetime for the patient.
Key Concepts / References and Activities / Slides /Dental Cements / Chapter ___, pgs. ____ (Phinney & Halstead)
Chapter ___ (Dietz)
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Zinc Phosphate Cement
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Zinc Ozide Eugenol Cement
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Manipulate Polycarboxylate Cement
[Insert In-Class Activity icon] Glass Ionomer Cement / Slide 7-14
Assessment Questions / [Insert Homework Ass icon] Textbook Assignment
[Insert Homework Ass icon] Posttest / Slide 15
[ ] Group Activities [ ] Homework [ ] Individual Activity [ ] Internet Activity [ ] In-Class Discussion [ ] In-Class Activity [ ] Evaluation
[Insert In-Class Act icon] In-Class Activities
q Manipulate Zinc Phosphate Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5). Goal: To have learners Manipulate Zinc Phosphate Cement. Instructor should ensure enough materials are available for learners. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.
q Manipulate Zinc Ozide Eugenol Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5). Goal: To have learners Manipulate Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement. Instructor should ensure enough materials are available for learners. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.
q Manipulate Polycarboxylate Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5). Goal: To have learners Manipulate Polycarboxylate Cement. Instructor should ensure enough materials are available for learners. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.
q Glass Ionomer Cement (Part B, Objectives 4-5). Goal: To have learners Glass Ionomer Cement. Instructor should ensure enough materials are available for learners. Learners should be graded on the procedure steps as outlined on pg. ____, Chapter ____(Phinney & Halstead). Learner workbooks contain check off sheets that can be utilized.