Circulatory System, Blood, Heart & Heartbeat

1 The ABO blood group system has four blood groups. What are these four groups?

A / B / AB / O

2 Name the chamber of the heart that receives blood back from the lungs.

Left atrium (auricle)

3 What is the role of valves in the heart?

To prevent backflow (of blood)

4 Suggest a reason why it is important to know a person’s blood group.

Transfusion / to avoid reaction by mother to foetus / to prevent loss of foetus

5 Name the blood vessel that brings blood from the heart to the body.

Aorta

6 How does a portal vein differ from other veins?

Capillaries at both ends / joins two organs/ two named organs

7 The wall of capillaries is only one cell thick. How is this related to their function?

Substances can diffuse easily/ in and out of blood / tissues/less fat content

8 Which has the bigger lumen (cavity), an artery or a vein?

Vein

9 Why are valves not needed in arteries?

Blood is under pressure / blood from heart / blood pumped

10 Valves are present in veins. What is their function?

To prevent back flow of blood

11 Name the major blood vessels that carry blood 1. from the heart to the lungs 2. from the lungs to the heart.

1. Pulmonary artery; 2. Pulmonary vein

12 Name two types of cell found in the blood and give a function for each of them.

Red blood cell / carries oxygen (also carries carbon dioxide); White blood cell / defence; Note: (allow Platelet / Blood Clotting )

13 Name the liquid part of the blood.

Plasma

14 What is blood plasma? Give a role for blood plasma.

Plasma: blood without cells / watery liquid part of blood; Role: carries dissolved substances / named substance / waste / hormones / gases / blood clotting agent / water / antibodies / proteins / inorganic salts / fibrinogen / CO2 /

Bicarbonate / Heat

15 State the results of your investigation of the effect of exercise on the pulse rate

Increases / comment on return to normal / different

16 Describe how you conducted the investigation of the effect of exercise on the pulse rate after the period of rest

/Exercise / description of exercise/ increased exercise/ pulse measured/ repeat/ average / compare / record / result

17 Different lifestyle factors have an effect on the health of our circulatory system. Name any two of these factors.

Any two factors

18 Give two factors which cause an increase in heart rate.

e.g. Exercise / anxiety / drugs / infection

19 Why is the wall of the right ventricle thicker than the wall of the left ventricle?

Blood from the left ventricle must be pumped further / greater pressure

20 Name the arteries that supply the heart wall with blood.

Coronary / Cardiac

21 Give the precise location of the heart in the human body.

Thorax

22 The lymphatic system is another series of vessels carrying fluid in the body. Give any two functions of the lymphatic system.

Returns fluid to blood / transport / lymphocytes (Immunity)

23 Name the blood vessels that bring this blood back from the lungs.

Pulmonary vein

24 How did you measure the pulse?

Method described /count number of pulses /per unit time OR sensor (data logger)

25 At the start of the investigation of the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of a human you asked the person who was about to do the exercise to sit down for a few minutes. Explain the purpose of this.

Comparison /control / resting / normal

26 What is the role of the bicuspid valve?

Stops back flow (of blood) / blood from atrium to ventricle

27 Give one reason why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.

Pumps further/ maintains blood pressure / greater activity

28 Is the blood in the Aorta oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Oxygenated

29 What is the average resting human heart rate?

69 – 75

30 Name two substances that are dissolved in the liquid part of blood.

Products of digestion - glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins; waste products - carbon dioxide, urea, uric acid; hormones - e.g. insulin, thyroxine, testosterone; plasma proteins - albumen, fibrinogen, prothrombin; antibodies - proteins which destroy pathogens; enzymes – thrombin; salts - e.g. NaCl, sodium bicarbonate

31 How did you measure the pulse resting rate?

Use pulse monitor / read result in bpm or use of finger or wrist (radial pulse) / use timer or calculate in bpm / observe / count / repeat / average / record

32 State a possible effect of smoking on the pulse resting rate

Raises rate

33 Answer the following in relation to the dissection of a heart. (i) What instrument did you use for the dissection? (ii) Describe how you carried out the dissection.

(i) Scalpel / blade / scissors / knife; (ii) Ventral side up (identify left and right)/ section or words to that effect / expose left ventricle / expose right ventricle /section to show aorta) / pinning back/ [allow one] safety precaution

34 The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the alimentary canal to the …

Liver

35 Name the upper chambers of the heart.

Atria / allow Auricle

36 Name two common blood-grouping systems.

ABO and Rhesus

37 Describe how you investigated the effect of exercise on the pulse rate.

(Measure) resting rate/ description of exercise/ measure rate during (or immediately after) exercise/ repeat / compare or state result / record

38 State one function of the liquid part of blood.

Hold ‘cells’ and dissolved substances

39 What is the average pulse rate at rest?

65 to 79 bpm

40 Name the liquid part of blood.

Plasma

41 Name the artery that supplies the heart muscle with blood.

Coronary (artery)

42 What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

Prevent backflow of blood from left ventricle to left auricle (atrium)

43 To where does the pulmonary artery carry blood?

Lungs

44 State one factor that decreases heart rate and one factor that increases it.

Decrease: sleep / drugs (sedatives); Increase: fear (fright) / exercise

45 What is the average resting rate of the human heart in beats per minute?

65 to 79 bpm

46 Blood contains red cells and white cells. State one function for each of these.

Red: transports oxygen; White: protection against disease

47 Explain why the walls of the lower chambers of the heart are thicker than the walls of the upper chambers.

They pump

48 Give two components of plasma.

Any two

49 Give the function of (i) Red blood cells (ii) White blood cells (iii) Platelets.

(i) Transport O2 / CO2; (ii) e.g. to make antibodies; (iii) e.g. Blood Clotting

50 Name the blood vessel referred to in each of the following cases: (i) The vein connected to the lungs (ii) The artery connected to the kidneys (iii) The vein that joins the intestine to the liver.

(i) Pulmonary (vein); (ii) Renal (artery); (iii) Hepatic Portal (vein)

51 What structure(s) protects the heart?

Rib cage

52 Name the following blood vessels: 1. the vessels that carry blood from the aorta to the kidneys. 2. the vessels that

supply the heart’s muscle with blood.

1. renal (arteries); 2. coronary or cardiac (arteries)

53 Name the valve between the upper and lower chambers on the left-hand side.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

54 Name the liquid part of blood.

Plasma

55 Name the blood vessels that bring oxygen to the heart muscle.

Coronary (arteries) / allow cardiac

56 The ABO blood group system has four blood groups. What are these four groups?

A / B / AB / O

57 Name the chamber of the heart that receives blood back from the lungs.

Left atrium (auricle)

58 What is the role of valves in the heart?

To prevent backflow (of blood)

59 Suggest a reason why it is important to know a person’s blood group.

Transfusion / to avoid reaction by mother to foetus / to prevent loss of foetus

60 Name the blood vessel that brings blood from the heart to the body.

Aorta

61 How does a portal vein differ from other veins?

Capillaries at both ends / joins two organs/ two named organs

62 The wall of capillaries is only one cell thick. How is this related to their function?

Substances can diffuse easily/ in and out of blood / tissues/less fat content

63 Which has the bigger lumen (cavity), an artery or a vein?

Vein

64 Why are valves not needed in arteries?

Blood is under pressure / blood from heart / blood pumped

65 Valves are present in veins. What is their function?

To prevent back flow of blood

66 Name the major blood vessels that carry blood 1. from the heart to the lungs 2. from the lungs to the heart.

1. Pulmonary artery; 2. Pulmonary vein

67 Name two types of cell found in the blood and give a function for each of them.

Red blood cell / carries oxygen (also carries carbon dioxide); White blood cell / defence; Note: (allow Platelet / Blood Clotting)

68 Name the liquid part of the blood.

Plasma

69 What is blood plasma? Give a role for blood plasma.

70 State the results of your investigation of the effect of exercise on the pulse rate

Increases / comment on return to normal / different

71 Describe how you conducted the investigation of the effect of exercise on the pulse rate after the period of rest

Exercise / description of exercise/ increased exercise/ pulse measured/ repeat/ average / compare / record / result

72 Different lifestyle factors have an effect on the health of our circulatory system. Name any two of these factors.

Any two factors

73 Give two factors which cause an increase in heart rate.

e.g. Exercise / anxiety / drugs / infection

74 Why is the wall of the right ventricle thicker than the wall of the left ventricle?

Blood from the left ventricle must be pumped further / greater pressure

75 Name the arteries that supply the heart wall with blood.

Coronary / Cardiac

76 Give the precise location of the heart in the human body.

Thorax

77 The lymphatic system is another series of vessels carrying fluid in the body. Give any two functions of the lymphatic system.

Returns fluid to blood / transport / lymphocytes (Immunity)

78 Name the blood vessels that bring this blood back from the lungs.

Pulmonary vein

79 How did you measure the pulse?

Method described /count number of pulses /per unit time OR sensor (data logger)

80 At the start of the investigation of the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of a human you asked the person who was about to do the exercise to sit down for a few minutes. Explain the purpose of this.

Comparison /control / resting / normal

81 What is the role of the bicuspid valve?

Stops back flow (of blood) / blood from atrium to ventricle

82 Give one reason why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.

Pumps further/ maintains blood pressure / greater activity

83 Is the blood in the Aorta oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Oxygenated

84 What is the average resting human heart rate?

69 – 75

85 Name two substances that are dissolved in the liquid part of blood.

Products of digestion - glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins; waste products - carbon dioxide, urea, uric acid; hormones - e.g. insulin, thyroxine, testosterone; plasma proteins - albumen, fibrinogen, /prothrombin; antibodies - proteins which destroy pathogens; enzymes – thrombin; salts - e.g. NaCl, sodium bicarbonate

86 How did you measure the pulse resting rate?

Use pulse monitor / read result in bpm or use of finger or wrist (radial pulse) / use timer or calculate in bpm / observe / count / repeat / average / record

87 State a possible effect of smoking on the pulse resting rate

Raises rate

88 Answer the following in relation to the dissection of a heart. (i) What instrument did you use for the dissection? (ii) Describe how you carried out the dissection.

89 The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the alimentary canal to the …

Liver

90 Name the upper chambers of the heart.

Atria / allow Auricle

91 Name two common blood-grouping systems.

ABO and Rhesus

92 Describe how you investigated the effect of exercise on the pulse rate.

(Measure) resting rate/ description of exercise/ measure rate during (or immediately after) exercise/ repeat / compare or state result / record

93 State one function of the liquid part of blood.

Hold ‘cells’ and dissolved substances

94 What is the average pulse rate at rest?