Chapter 6 – The Industrial Age

Obj.: The rise of industry in the U. S.Date ______

From 1860 to 1900 the U. S. was transformed from anagricultural society to an industrial one.

Factors:

1. An abundance of ______

a. 1859: ______successfully drills for oil in ______

______

b. 1870’s: Vast deposits of ______found in the ______

2. Support of the ______

a. ______protected American manufacturing

b. No ______

c. Gov’t gave away massive amounts of ______

d. Laissez-faire: ______

3. ______: Between 1860 – 1900 the US population doubled,

mainly caused by ______

4. New inventions

a. Christopher Latham Sholes -

b. Alexander Graham Bell -

c. Thomas Edison -

d. Henry Bessemer -

e. Edwin Drake -

f. Elihu Otis -

5. New Entrepreneurs:

6. Rise of the ______

Advantages

a. Limited liability:

b. Unlimited life:

c. Easy to raise capital:

d. Efficient:

Disadvantages

a. Monopolies:

b.

c.

Chapter 6

Sec. 2Obj.: Rise of the RailroadsDate ______

Railroads were the biggest industry after the Civil War and changed America more than any other invention until the automobile. In 1865 there were 35,000 miles of track, but by 1900 it had grown to 200,000.

Benefits of the RR

1.

2.

3.

Drawbacks

1. Working conditions

Ex.
2. Corruption

Ex. Credit Mobilier

3. Farmers’ concerns

a. Abuses

b. Granger Laws

c. Munn v. Illinois

d. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

Leaders in the Railroad industry

1. Cornelius Vanderbilt

2. James J. Hill

3. George Pullman

Chapter 6

Obj.: Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?Date ______

The expansion of industry in the US resulted in the growth of large corporations, allowing a few to acquire great wealth and power.

Andrew Carnegie – Steel industry

1. During the Civil War he became a ______

2. After breaking up a RR jam, he was rewarded with ______

3. 1873: Began investing in ______after researching the ______

______

4. 1899: became the biggest steel company in the world by ______

and ______

5. Vertical Integration –

6. Believed in ______: the fittest, best companies would survive,

making business better

7. ______- it was the duty of the rich to use their wealth to benefit the welfare of the community. “The man who dies rich dies disgraced.”

8. Gave away over ______

John D. Rockefeller - Oil industry

1. Oil Refining -

2. Horizontal Integration -

3. Standard Oil Trust – all business is controlled by the same ______

______

4. ______- wrote ______;

exposed some of Rockefellers business practices; her father was driven out of business by him

5. Tactics -

6. Philanthropies –

7. Died in 1937: Worth ______at the time; today he would be worth ______

Homework

Concerned that expanding corporations would stifle competition, Congress passed the ShermanAnti-trust Act in 1890.

What was its main purpose?

Why was it difficult to enforce (2 reasons)?

Why was the south left out of the business boom (4 reasons)?

Chapter 6

Obj.: Labor and Unions Date ______

In order to solve some of their problems, many workers formed labor unions; most had the same goals:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Knights of Labor, 1869 – Terrance Powderly, Uriah Stephens

1. Opposed ______; supported arbitration:

2. Membership:

3. Downfall: Haymarket Square Riot

a.

b. Demonstration against ______

c. ______detonated a bomb; blamed on the Knights

American Federation of Labor (AFL) – Samuel Gompers

1. Craft Union:

2. Supported ______and collective bargaining:

3.

American Railway Union (ARU) – Eugene Debs

1. Industrial union:

2. ______was the downfall in 1893 because most of the workers were

______: never offered jobs in RR industry.

Homework:

  1. ID: NLU (National Labor Union)
  2. Name two ways the Wobblies (IWW) was different than other labor unions.
  3. ID: Mary Harris Jones, Eugene Debs
  4. What were the causes and effects of the Homestead Strike, 1892?