VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the Following Terms

Name______Class______Date______

SECTION 26-1 REVIEW

OVERVIEW OF FUNGI

VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.

1.hypha ______

2.mycelium ______

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3.coenocyte ______

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4.sporangiophore ______

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5.conidium ______

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6.budding ______

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.

_____1.All fungi are

a.multicellular and prokaryotic. c.eukaryotic and nonphotosynthetic.

b.prokaryotic and d. unicellular and photosynthetic.

photosynthetic.

_____2.Unlike animals, fungi

a.ingest their nutrients before digesting them.

b.secrete enzymes and then absorb the digested nutrients through their cell wall.

c.have cell walls made of cellulose without chitin.

d.do not store energy in the form of glycogen.

_____3.Which of the following is NOT an asexual reproductive structure of a fungus?

a.septumb.sporangiumc.conidiophored.sporangiospore

_____4.Throughout most of their life cycle, most fungi are

a.male.b.female.c.diploid.d.haploid.

_____5.Biologists think that the first fungi on Earth arose from

a.prokaryotes.b.algae.c.plants.d.animals.

SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.

1.How do the cell walls of fungi differ from those of plants? ______

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2.Describe an example of dimorphism in fungi. ______

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3.Explain how a fungus reproduces through fragmentation. ______

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4.What do “plus” and “minus” mean when used in reference to fungi?

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5.What characteristic do fungi share with animals? ______

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6.In what way are fungi resource recyclers? ______

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7.Critical Thinking In what ways are most fungi similar to unicellular protists?

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STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONSIdentify the structures labeled a–c. In the spaces below the drawings, name the type of hyphae each drawing represents.

The drawings below depict two types of fungal hyphae.

SECTION 26-2 REVIEW

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI

VOCABULARY REVIEW Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms.

1.rhizoid, stolon ______

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2.basidium, basidiocarp ______

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3.ascogonium, antheridium ______

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4.ascocarp, ascus ______

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5.lichen, mycorrhiza ______

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.

_____1.Fungi that have coenocytic hyphae and reproduce sexually through conjugation belong to the phylum

a.Zygomycota.b.Basidiomycota.c.Ascomycota.d.Deuteromycota.

_____2.A mushroom is an example of a

a.rhizoid.b.ascogonium.c.zygosporangium.

d.basidiocarp.

_____3.Fungi that produce spores inside saclike compartments belong to the phylum

a.Zygomycota.b.Basidiomycota.c.Ascomycota.d.Deuteromycota.

_____4.In the life cycle of an ascomycete, haploid nuclei fuse when

a.conidia germinate.

b.asci develop.

c.a tube forms between the ascogonium and the antheridium.

d.ascospores germinate.

_____5.One of the functions of the fungus in a mycorrhizal relationship is to

a.perform photosynthesis c. absorb phosphate and other ions.

b.store sugars for the plant. d.decompose rock to form soil.

SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.

1.How do the above-ground, sexual reproductive structures of basidiomycetes differ in appearance from those of ascomycetes? ______

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2.How are fungi imperfecti different from other fungi? ______

3.Explain the difference between a mycorrhiza and a lichen. ______

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4.What effect do lichens have on their physical environment? ______

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5.Explain why mushrooms cannot be grouped with deuteromycetes.

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6.What would be more beneficial to a growing plant, a mycorrhiza or lichen? Explain your answer.

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7.Critical Thinking Why are fungi classified according to the sexual reproductive structures they form?

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STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Label each structure or process in the spaces provided.

The diagram below illustrates asexual and sexual reproduction in zygomycetes.

SECTION 26-3 REVIEW

FUNGI AND HUMANS

VOCABULARY REVIEW Answer the questions in the space provided.

1.What are aflatoxins? ______

2.What effect do aflatoxins have on humans? ______

3.Where are the organisms that produce aflatoxins found?

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4.What is a wheat rust? ______

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.

_____1.Sniffling, sneezing, and respiratory distress may be symptoms of an allergic reaction to

a.cortisone. c. the yeast Candida albicans.

b.the Amanita mushroom. d. mold spores.

_____2.Which of the following is not a condition or disease that can be caused by fungi?

a.athlete’s footb.AIDSc.ringwormd.candidiasis

_____3.Fungal diseases that affect human internal organs are often caused by

a.dimorphic fungi.b.deuteromycetes.c.truffles.d.morels.

_____4.The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to make all of the following except

a.bread.b.vaccines.c.ethanol.d.penicillin.

_____5.Fungi of the genus Cephalosporium are used to produce

a.mushrooms. b.cheese.c.antibiotics.d. soy products.

_____6.Which of the following is not a fungal product of importance to the food-processing industry?

a.vitamin b.wheat rustc.citric acidd.gluconic acid

_____7.The automobile fuel gasohol is made in part with

a.aflatoxins produced by Amanita.

b.gluconic acid produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

c.ethanol produced by yeast.

d.citric acid produced by yeast.

SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.

1.What conditions can cause Candida albicans to flourish?

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2.Name four specific medical products that are produced by or with the use of fungi.______

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3.Name four types of foods that are produced by or with the use of fungi. ______

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4.How is Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced to manufacture substances that it does not normally make?

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5.Critical Thinking Some fungi produce substances with attractive odors or flavors. These substances are often concentrated in the reproductive structures of the fungi. Why might it be adaptive for a fungus to produce such substances?

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STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS This flowchart illustrates the effects that fungi can have on humans. Fill in the blanks to complete the chart.

Modern Biology1Overview of Fungi