APUSH UNIT 9 Dr. I. Ibokette

Unit 9: The Interwar Years and the Domestic Front Front: 1919-1941

A. The “Roaring Twenties”,

B. The Great Depression, and

C. The New Deal

As always, please use the 4-step guidelines below in reading and taking notes on this unit.

Step 1: Pay attention to the“the large picture” or the central theme of the chapter and write down the titles of each unit, chapter and sub-headings/sections;

Step 2: Take notes on key points on the assigned chapters’ sub-sections; and pay particular attention to the key terms and names from the ID list (highlight/underline them).

Step 3: Briefly answer the “study questions” listed at the end of each sub-section.

Step 4: Draw up a timeline of about 7-10 key events/developments from the assigned reading.

Essential Questions:

  1. How did the 1920s reflect divisions in American society?
  2. Is the term the “new era” a fitting description of the 1920s?
  3. What different factors caused the Great Depression?
  4. How did the Great Depression and the government’s response change the United States?
  1. The “Roaring Twenties”

The Roaring Twenties: A Summation

“Scholars often characterize the 1920s as a decade of American prosperity and optimism. It was the “Roaring Twenties”, the decade of bathtub gin, the model T, the $5 workday, the first trans-Atlantic flight and the movie. It is often seen as a period of great advance as the nation became urban and commercial. The decade is also seen as a period of rising intolerance and isolation: chastened by WWI, historians often point out that Americans retreated into a provincialism evidenced by the rise of the KKK, the anti-radical hysteria of Palmer raids, restrictive immigration laws, and Prohibition.”

Overall the decade was a period of great contradictions: of rising optimism and deadening cynicism; of increasing and decreasing faith; and of great hope and great despair. Put differently, historians usually see the 1920s as a decade of intense social conflict.

Time Line:
1919: Palmer Raids

1920: Warren Harding elected President
1922: T. S. Eliot publishes The Wasteland

1923: Harding Dies; Calvin Coolidge takes over

- Bessie Smith records her first jazz album

1925: The Charleston becomes a dance craze

- Scopes Trial

1927: Charles Lindberg’s flight

- Ford introduced Model A

1928: Herbert Hoover elected President

1929: Ten million families own radio sets

- The Stock Market Crashed

1. Chapter 22:The New Era

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

  1. Setting the Stage633

“Looking Ahead”

  1. The New Economy 634

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  1. radio
  2. trade associations
  3. welfare capitalism
  4. “pink-collar” jobs
  5. A. Philip Randolph
  6. the “American Plan”
  7. “parity”
  8. McNary-Haugen Bill

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Questions:

  1. What were the psychological effects on both individuals and society at large that resulted from increasing consumerism in the 1920s?
  2. How did the technological innovations of the early 20th century affect industry and American social life of the 1920s?
  3. Why was American economic production and growth so successful during the 1920s? What were its strengths and weaknesses?
  4. How did labor fare during the 1920s? What particular problems did female, African American, immigrant, and unskilled laborers face?
  1. The New Culture 640

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  1. the automobile
  2. Bruce Barton
  3. The Jazz Singer
  4. Harry Emerson Fosdick
  5. John B. Watson
  6. Margaret Sanger
  7. the flapper
  8. League of Women’s Voters
  9. Shepperd-Towner Act
  10. The “Lost Generation”
  11. H.L. Mencken
  12. Lost Generation
  13. Sinclair Lewis
  14. Harlem Renaissance
  15. The New Negro
  16. Alain Locke
  17. Langston Hughes

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Questions:

  1. What were some of the cultural conflicts of the 1920s, and what caused them?
  2. What caused the Great Migration and what were its consequences?
  3. Who were the prominent American writers in the 1920s? Why did a number of these writers express negative views of society?
  4. What was the myth and what was the reality of the “new woman” of the 1920s?
  5. Describe the status of women in the 1920s. What aspects of their activities and behavior showed significant change, and what remained the same?
  1. A Conflict of Cultures 649

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  1. Prohibition
  2. Nativism & the Ku Klan Klan
  3. National Origin Act, 1924
  4. David Stephenson
  5. Scopes “Monkey Trial”
  6. Al Smith

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Questions:

  1. How did religion respond to the consumer culture of the 1920s?
  2. What were the nature and the extent of nativism of the 1920s?
  3. What were some of the cultural conflicts of the 1920s, and what caused them?
  4. Why did rural America have reason to be concerned about the course of events in the United States during the 1920s? How did they respond to these events?
  1. Republican Government, 654
  2. Teapot Dome
  3. Calvin Coolidge
  4. Andrew Mellon
  5. Hoover’s “Associationism”

Questions:

i. Compare the political philosophies of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson with those of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge.

  1. End-of-Chapter Review, 656

 Looking Back

Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 657

g. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

  1. The Chapter 23: The Great Depression

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

  1. Setting the Stage, 658

“Looking Ahead”

  1. The Coming of the Gt Dep. 660
  1. “Black Tuesday”
  2. Causes of Depression
  3. John M. Keynes

Questions:

  1. What were the keycauses of the Great Depression?
  2. Was the stock market crash the cause of the Great Dep.? Why or why not?
  3. Prior to the stock market crash in October 1929, what were the major weaknesses in the economy of the late 1920s?
  4. What are the major interpretations regarding the causes of the Great Depression? Why is there little historical consensus regarding the causes?
  1. The American People in Hard Times 662

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  1. the “Dust Bowl”
  2. Okies
  3. Scottsboro case
  4. Mexican and Asian Americans
  5. Women and the Gt Dep.
  6. Clifford Odets
  7. Erskine Caldwell

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Questions:

  1. What was the impact of the Great Depression on farmers, minorities, and women?
  2. How did farmers fare during the Depression? What environmental conditions contribute to their plight?
  3. How did the American people (men, women, and minorities) generally respond to the Great Depression?
  4. How did the Great Depression affect the American family?
  1. The Depression and American Culture 669

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  1. Soap Opera
  2. redio
  3. John Dos Passos
  4. Richard Wright
  5. Hindenburg
  6. Orson Welles
  7. Frank Capra
  8. Life magazine
  9. Popular Front
  10. John Steinbeck

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Questions:

  1. What were the popular cultural similarities and differences in the 1930s among radio programs, the movies, and literature?
  2. Why did the radical left enjoy growing popularity in America during the 1930s? Why did this popularity prove to be largely temporary?
  3. What popular protest arose in response to the Dep? How successful were these protests?
  4. How did radio affect both social life and the life of the family?
  5. What was the Popular Front? How did its members respond to the Depression?
  6. The Unhappy Presidency of Herbert Hoover 675

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  1. voluntiarism
  2. Hoovervilles
  3. Hawley-Smooth Tariff
  4. Agricultural Marketing Act
  5. Reconstruction Finance Corp.
  6. Farmers’ Holiday Association
  7. Bonus Army march
  8. 1932 election and interregnum

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Questions

  1. How did President Hoover and his administration try to deal with the Depression?
  2. What was the result of those efforts?
  3. How did Hoover’s political beliefs affect his attempts to deal with the economic crisis of the Depression?
  4. Characterize Herbert Hoover’s personality during his presidency. How did his personal image with the American public change between 1928 and 1932?
  5. Why was Franklin Roosevelt elected president in 1932? What was his campaign platform?
  1. End-of-Chapter Review 679

Looking Back

Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 681

  1. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments
  1. Chapter 24: The New Deal

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

Sub-Sections

  1. Setting the Stage683

“Looking Ahead”

  1. Launching the New Deal 684

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  1. Emergency Banking Act
  2. AAA
  3. NIRA/NRA
  4. U.S. v. Schechter
  5. TVA
  6. Glass-Steagall Act
  7. SEC
  8. FERA, CWA, CCC
  9. 1st v. 2nd New Deals

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Questions:

  1. How was Franklin Roosevelt able to quickly restore the public’s confidence in government and the economy in 1933?
  2. What did Franklin Roosevelt accomplish during his first hundred days in office?
  3. What were the effects of New Deal programs on agricultural and industrial recovery?
  1. The New Deal in Transition 690

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  1. American Liberty League
  2. Townsend Plan
  3. Father Charles Coughlin
  4. Senator Huey Long
  5. National Labor Relations Act
  6. industrial unionism/ CIO
  7. John Lewis
  8. Social Security Act
  9. WPA
  10. Eleanor Roosevelt
  11. Black Cabinet
  12. John Collier
  13. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
  14. Frances Perkins
  15. Marian Anderson
  16. federal welfare state

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Questions:

  1. What evidence supports the argument that Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal were liberal? Conservative?
  2. What were the principal achievements of the “Second New Deal”?
  3. Who were the major critics of FDR’s New Deal, and how did their criticism influence FDR’s “Second New Deal”?
  4. What gains did organized labor make during the 1930s? How did labor achieve these gains?
  5. How did New Deal programs treat minorities – African American, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans?
  1. The New Deal in Disarray 697
  1. Court packing plan
  2. Roosevelt recession
  3. Fair Labor Standards Act

Questions

  1. What was the significance of the results of the 1936 elections?
  2. Why was the New Deal in disarray by 1937-1938? Why were there no additional New Deal programs after 1938?
  1. Limits and legacies of the New Deal 700

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  1. broker state
  2. Eleanor Roosevelt
  3. Black Cabinet
  4. John Collier
  5. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
  6. Frances Perkins
  7. Marian Anderson
  8. federal welfare state

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Questions

  1. What impact did the New Deal have on women and minorities?
  2. What did the New Deal accomplish in the 1930s? What did it not accomplish? Why did it fail to end the Depression?
  3. How did the New Deal affect the western United States?
  4. What have been the long-term legacies of the New Deal? What major historical assessments have been made of it?
  5. Discuss the fundamental shift that took place in the 1930s regarding the role of the federal government to help people in economic hardship. How would you assess this shift? Has it been useful or not? How does it relate to you personally today?
  1. End-of-Chapter Review706

 Looking Back

Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 631

g. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

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