Unit 5, Chapter 16 Reading Guide: The Industrial Revolution

Use page 385 to label the progression of industrialization in Europe during the 1800s.

Why Britain? (p. 378-380)

1.  What is the simple definition for the Industrial Revolution? ______

______

2.  Previous to the Industrial Revolution, where did most energy come from? ______

3.  Explain the change brought about by technological innovation during the Industrial Revolution: ______

______

4.  Explain the change brought about by organizational changes during the Industrial Revolution: ______

______

Well-Developed Middle Class and Capitalist Structure
Agricultural Improvements
Population Increase
Transportation
Stable Government
Early Inventiveness
Raw Materials

Explain the seven reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain (p.379-380)

Early Technological Innovations (p. 380-383)

5.  Explain the primary differences between Josiah Wedgewood’s porcelain and Chinese/Korean porcelain: ______

______

6.  Explain the effect of new industrial inventions on cotton and textile production: ______

______

7.  What was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution? ______

8.  Explain the uses/importance of the steam engine. ______

______

9.  What was the relevance of the electric telegraph? ______

______

The Factory System and the Evolution of Big Business (p. 383-384)

10.  Explain how the factory system differed from previous manufacturing methods. ______

______

______

11.  What effect did the evolution of Big Business have on economic equality? ______

______

12.  What effect did industrialization have on skilled artisans? ______

______

______

13.  Describe the working conditions that workers faced in new industrial factories. ______

______

______

Change / Positive Effects / Negative Effects
Factory System
Corporations
Technological Innovation

Explain the changes brought on by the following factors.

The Spread of the Industrial Revolution (p. 384-386)

14.  By the mid-1800s, which nations had embraced industrialization? ______

______

15.  How did the U.S. Government protect American industry? ______

______

16.  Why was the northeast of the United States an ideal place for industrialization to occur? ______

______

17.  What two nations adopted industrialization after 1870? ______

18.  What enormous project did the Russian government undertake? Why? ______

______

______

Social Effects of Early Industrialization (p. 386-389)

19.  What was the general population movement like during the Industrial Revolution? ______

______

20.  Why was there such a general population movement? ______

______

21.  What were the conditions like in the new industrial neighborhoods of the time? ______

______

22.  What positive effect did industrialization have on the environment of Western Europe? ______

______

23.  What negative impact did industrialization have on the environment of the American South? ______

______

Explain the changes that occurred in social class for each of the following classes

Nobility
Middle-Class
Lower Class

24.  Write a 3-5 line paragraph explaining the changes that industrialization brought to family life for the working/lower classes: ______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

25.  Write a 3-5 line paragraph explaining the changes that industrialization brought to family life for the middle-class/wealthy classes: ______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

______

26.  What is the major demographic change occurring during the Industrial Revolution? ______

______

27.  What brought about the major demographic changes? ______

______

______

______

28.  What was the general idea behind Adam Smith’s work The Wealth of Nations? ______

______

29.  What is the general idea behind emerging socialist movements? ______

30.  What was Karl Marx’s primary argument? ______

______

31.  What was the goal of the emerging labor union movements? ______

______

Industrial Revolution Vocabulary (p. 378-393)

32.  Bourgeoisie-

33.  Break-of-Bulk

34.  The Communist Manifesto

35.  Corporations

36.  Cult of domesticity

37.  Demographic transition

38.  Electric telegraph

39.  Enclosure movement

40.  Samuel Gompers

41.  Industrial Revolution

42.  Interchangeable parts

43.  Laissez-faire

44.  Karl Marx

45.  Mass production

46.  Monopolies

47.  Proletariat

48.  Adam Smith

49.  Socialism

50.  Steam engine

51.  Utopian socialism

52.  James Watt

53.  The Wealth of Nations

54.  Josiah Wedgewood

55.  Eli Whitney

Consider the political cartoon above. What is the artist trying to suggest? What effect does industrialization seem to have on the young woman’s political freedoms? What does the author seem to want to happen? Based on the new ideals that emerge during the Industrial Revolution, which do you think the author is most likely to side with?

1