Unit 3 Rev #1 Q’s – Answer Key
1. One – Unicellular Eukaryotes
2. Some are Heterotrophic (animal-like and fungus-like) others are Autotrophic (plant-like)
3. Eukaryotic
4. Protists have been around since somewhere between 1.5-2 billion years ago.
5. “Endosymbiont Hypothesis” is a possible explanation for the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells. This suggests that the first eukaryotic cell formed when a bacterial cell engulfed a variety of other bacteria. These bacteria live inside the other bacterial cell and live together becoming dependent on one another.
6. All animal-like protists are collectively referred to as “PROTOZOA”
7.There are four phyla:
i) Ciliophora
ii) Zoomastigina
iii) Sporozoa
iv) Sarcodina
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v) Ciliophora – Use cilia
vi) Zoomastigina – Use flagella
vii) Sporozoa – NON-MOTILE
viii) Sarcodina – Use cytoplasmic streaming ex. Amoeba using Pseudopods
9.All paramecia species belong to Phylum “Ciliophora”
10.All amoebae belong to Phylum “Sarcodina”
11.The phylum that contains animal-like protists that cannot move is Phylum “Sporozoa”
12.A Pseudopod is a cellular extension of membrane bound cytoplasm these “False Feet” are used form locomotion and taking in food.
13. The majority of Sporozoans are PARASITIC, they obtain nutrients from a host they harm.
14. Most Sarcodinians obtain their food through a process called PHAGOCYTOSIS – They wrap pseudopods around other protists or bacteria and engulf them.
15. Cilia are used for locomotion, and they are also used to create currents to draw in food.
16. Trichocysts are defence structures that are found in the Pellicle of paramecia and they dart out for protection.
17. Contractile vacuoles are used by many protists to help pump out excess water, so that the protist does not burst/lyse.
18. The anal pore on some protists is used to eliminate cellular waste products.
19. Plasmodium vivax belong to Phylum Sporozoa. These non-motile protists are carried by the female Anopholes mosquito.
20. Malaria
21. The Plasmodium vivax parasite attacks red blood cells and liver cells.
22. Plasmodium vivax is picked up by a mosquito when it takes a blood meal from a person infected with Plasmodium vivax.
23. Members of the genus Trypanasoma belong to Phylum “Zoomastigina” (have flagella)
24. African Sleeping Sickness:
Caused by a Trypanasome carried by the Tsetse fly. They destroy blood cells and harm other bodily tissues. Host becomes weak, suffer nervous problems, loose consciousness and often fall into a deep sleep and often die.
Chagas Disease:
Caused by Trypanasoma cruzi, this Trypanosome infects muscle tissue including cardiac muscle. Often results in fatal heart failure.
25. Some Zoomastiginans such as Trichonympha have the enzymes necessary for cellulose digestion. So they allow termites and some other animals to properly digest wood and to get more nutrients out of grass and other plant tissue.