Name:______

Unit 3: Cells, Transport, & Bioenergetics

Unit 3 Key Take-Aways:

»Cells are the smallest living thing, and they are made up of smaller parts that each have a special job

»Cells must communicate with each other through hormones and/or neurons

»Cells work to maintain homeostasis through passive and active transport

»Photosynthesis and Respiration are a cycle, which provide the fuel and energy for all life-sustaining reactions to happen!

Mastery Quiz #1: 9/18

Mastery Quiz #2: 9/23

Mastery Quiz #3: 9/25

Unit 3 Test: 9/27

Cell Project

Option 1: CELL NEWSPAPER

You are an organelle that is reporting on the breaking news happening in your CELL CITY. Be creative in your reporting and story headlines. The paper should be formatted like a newsletter or newspaper and can include breaking news, comics, horoscopes, personal ads, special reports, weather, etc.

Key points to Consider:

  1. You can include as many organelles as you want, but you must cover the following and identify if it is an animal or plant cell: cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, DNA, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuole, and cytoplasm.
  2. The news story must reference the function of the organelle.

A headline example might be: "Vacuoles go on strike due to an increase in garbage"

A horoscope example for the Mitochondria might be: "You are always on the go and have enough energy to run a marathon 10 times over, but the stars are alignedwith Saturn, and you are bound to meet another mitochondria who can keep up.

Option 2: CELL CHILDREN'S BOOK

For this project you will create the text and illustrations for a children's book. You will create a simile to explain to children the structure and function of cell organelles. You will recall from your English class that a simile is a comparison between two unlike things. For example, using the simile a cell is like a factory, thecell membrane is the fence surrounding the factory and that the vacuole was the garbage room.

Be creative and remember that children need complex concepts to be broken down into the simplest form in order to understand. I encourage you to use your own drawings and illustrations, but you can also use collage or found images.

Key points to consider:

  1. You can include as many organelles as you want, but you must cover the following and identify if it is an animal or plant cell: cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, DNA, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuole, and cytoplasm.
  2. The book mustuse your Cell Simile
  3. The book must be at least 10 pages

Option 3: 3-Cell Poster

You will create 3 cells on your poster paper (animal, plant, bacteria). The three cells will have pictures from magazines, drawings, or 3D objects fixed to the cells. Each organelle will be represented by its simile.

THERE WILL NOT BE ANY PICTURES OF REAL ORGANELLES IN YOUR CELLS.

For example, using the “cell is like a factory simile”, the cell membrane is the fence surrounding the factory and the vacuole is the garbage room. You may use the same organelle simile for multiple cells; however each cell must have everything in the chart below.

Animal Cell
Eukaryote / Bacteria
Prokaryote / Plant Cell
Eukaryote
Ribosome
Nucleus
DNA
Food Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm / Ribosome
Plasma Membrane
DNA
Cytoplasm / Ribosome
Nucleus
DNA
Central Vacuole
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

Key points to consider:

  1. Each object will represent an organelle in the chart.
  2. You must have ALL 3 cells (animal, plant, bacteria)

Cells

What is a cell?

  • Cells are the smallest ______things
  • Cell hierarchy:

Cell ______ ______ ______Organism

  • Cell’s job is to make ______: which control ______the organism does!

______living things are made up of ______.

Read page 172-173 in order to fill in the blanks below(Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes).

Book Says… / I say…
Cells come in a…. / True or False. ALL CELLS are exactly the SAME?
Despite their differences…. / What are the two characteristics that ALL CELLS have in common?
They are surrounded by a barrier…. /
and, at some point in their lives, they contain the molecule….. / Which of the 4 organic molecules is DNA an example of?
Cells fall into… / What decides which category a cell falls into?
The nucleus is a….. / What does the nucleus surround and protect?
Eukaryotes are….. / Draw a eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotes are…. / Draw a prokaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic cells are…. / The reason prokaryotes are simpler than eukaryotes is because they’re lacking…..
Eukaryotic cells are… / Circle the cell that is eukaryotic.

Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic CElls

Use the following words to COMPARE and CONTRAST the two types of cells [HINT: think pro=no (nucleus)]

Nucleus

DNA

Plasma (cell) membrane

Small

Large

Simple

Complex

Older

Younger

Plant, Animal, Bacterial Cells

There are 3 examples of cells that you MUST KNOW!!! Let’s figure out how to categorize them!

Name /
Bacteria /
Plants /
Animals
Characteristics / NO nucleus
DNA / Nucleus
DNA
Internal Structures / Nucleus
DNA
Internal Structures
Cell type
Justification
(HOW do you know??)
Organelle / Function / Drawing / Prokaryote or
Eukaryote? / Found Where?
(plant, animal, bacteria)
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Lysosome

Organelles

“little organs” found inside cells! Each one has a unique structure and function.

Eukaryotes: Plant vs. Animal Cells

Animal & plant cells are ______. Cells have smaller parts inside them called ______. This means “little organ.” They perform special functions for the cell to keep it (and the organism) alive.

Make Predictions!

If this happened… / Then this would happen… / Justification (why?!)
All of the ribosomes disappeared
The cell membrane broke down
The nucleus was destroyed
A virus attacks and destroys all of the mitochondria
Chloroplasts in a plant cell stopped absorbing sunlight

Microscope Lab

Purpose:To observe different types of cells under the microscope and visualize differences between plant, animals, and prokaryotes.

Pre-Lab Questions:

  1. There are 3 objectives on the microscope. To calculate the magnification, you multiply the magnification on the objective by the magnification of the eyepiece. Calculate the following magnifications below:

Red: 4X× Eyepiece (10X) = ______X

Yellow: 10X× Eyepiece (10X) = ______X

Blue: 40X× Eyepiece (10X) = ______X

  1. Label the OBJECTIVES and the EYEPIECE on the following microscope:

Data & Lab Drawings:

Draw what you see in the microscope!

Station 1: Mammal Skeletal Muscle

Station 2: Mammal Bull Sperm

Station 3: Human BLood

Station 4: Onion

Station 5: Bacteria from Mouth

Cell Specialization

All cells start out the same way (called ______). The ______tells it what type of cell to become and makes special ______to do the job it is told to do.

Cell Type / Picture / Function / Special Structures
Sperm Cell
Skin Cell
Red Blood Cell
Muscle Cell
Nerve Cell

Cell Communication

1.Hormones

  • ______, so shape matters!
  • Only work for cells with the right ______proteins
  • Travel slowly
  • In ______AND ______

2.Neurons

  • In the ______system.
  • Messages travel electrically
  • Travel quickly
  • In ______ONLY

Osmosis and the Egg

Purpose:To investigate the effect of different solutions on an egg

Hypotheses:

If you put an egg in water then it will ______because ______.

If you put an egg in corn syrup then it will ______because ______.

Question:Do eggsgain or lose mass when placed in water and corn syrup?

Procedure:Follow the instructions at your lab station and on the board!

Data:

(treated Egg – Egg) × 100 = % Change

Egg

Mass (in grams) / Percent Change (%)
  1. Egg

  1. Egg after being in water

  1. Egg after being in corn syrup

Analysis:

  1. Were your hypotheses correct? Explain in 2-3 complete sentences:
  1. Draw a picture of what happened in both trials. Be sure to indicate WHAT moved WHERE!
  1. What do you think would happen to the egg if it was placed in very salty water? Explain and draw a sketch:

The Cell Membrane

Made of 2 main organic molecules: ______& ______.

The cell membrane allows only ______molecules to pass through while prohibiting others.

Other names:

Plasma membrane

Phospholipid bilayer

Phospholipid

Bilayer 

Semi-permeable

Semi 

Permeable 

Homeostasis: Maintaining a constant internal ______.

  • Plants and animals regulate things like: ______, water, ______, glucose, ______, etc.
  • The cell ______controls what goes _____ and ______= maintains homeostasis!

NOT in homeostasis:In homeostasis:

(concentration gradient)

Transport

The membrane controls what ______and what ______a cell.

This action of maintaining homeostasis across the cell membrane is called ______.

TYPE / MOVES? / DIRECTION? / USES ENERGY? / USES A PROTEIN?
PASSIVE / Diffusion / NO
Osmosis / ______to Low / NO
Facilitated Diffusion / Particles / High to ______
ACTIVE / Active Transport / Particles

Practice

Part 1:Drawing. Draw arrows to show which way the materials will move.

Diffusion: squares are salt particles.

  1. Saltcan move:B. Saltcan move:C. Saltcan move:

Osmosis: circles are salt particles.

D. SaltCANNOT move:E. SaltCANNOT move:F. SaltCANNOT move:

Active Transport: squares are salt particles.

G. H. I.

Part 2:Make a prediction about what will happen to a cell under these conditions

What will happen to the size of a cell if… / Explanation / Draw a Picture
Water moves in
Water moves out

Part 3:Name the following types of transport as ACTIVE or PASSIVE:

Type of Transport / Needs ATP? (energy) / Active or Passive?
Active Transport
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

Part 4:Draw which way the water will move:

Example:

B. C. D. E. F.

Part 5:In the scenarios below, ONLY THE WATER can move through the membrane. What will happen to the level of the water? Draw an AFTER picture.

BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTER

Part 6:Read the problem. Draw a picture of what is happening, and select the correct response.

  1. A cell with 5% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 1% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time?
  1. The cell will gain water and expand.
  2. The cell will lose water and shrink.
  3. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of water; thus, it will remain the same size.
  4. The cell will undergo no exchange of water with its surroundings.
/ 3. A cell is taken from an environment that has a high salt concentration and is placed into an environment that does not contain any salt. What effect will the change in environment have on the cell?
A. there will be no change in the cell
B. the cell will shrink
C. the cell will swell
D. the cell will divide
  1. While cleaning a saltwater aquarium, students placed the aquarium plants in a container of distilled water. What effect will this have on the plants?
  1. The plant cells will swell.
  2. The plant cells will separate.
  3. The plant cells will remain the same.
  4. The plant cells will shrink
/ 4. An ocean plant is placed into distilled water. What will happen to the cell?
A. water will flow out of the cell and cause it to wilt
B. water will flow into the cell and it will burst
C. water will flow into the cell, but it will not burst only become swollen
D. water will flow in and out of the cell, but the size of the cell will not change

Part 7:Answer the following transport questions. Use the manipulatives in class if necessary.

  1. Describe the cell membrane. Draw a picture to help support your description. Include the following: lipid, protein, bilayer.
  1. Explain the key difference between passive and active transport.
  1. If someone is sitting across the room smoking, you may still breathe in some of the smoke. The movement of smoke across the room is an example of what type of transport?
  1. OsmosisC. facilitated diffusion
  2. Diffusion D. active transport

EXPLAIN WHY:

  1. Using terms from this unit, describe what would happen to a slug if you poured salt on it. Draw arrows too! [HINT: slugs are very watery inside!]
  1. The membrane only lets molecule D cross. Over time, what will happen to the molecules in the figure to the right?
  1. While cleaning a saltwater tank, students placed a salt water cell in a bowl filled with regular tap water. What effect will this have on the cell?
  2. The cells of the protozoan will disintegrate.
  3. The cells will swell.
  4. The cells will shrink and shrivel.
  5. The cells will remain the same.

EXPLAIN:

  1. Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it crisp again. Which statement best describes what happens to restore the lettuce to its original condition?
  2. Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion.
  3. Water entered the cells of the lettuce by osmosis.
  4. Osmosis caused salts to enter the lettuce cells.
  5. Salts in the leaf caused water to leave the cells.
  1. There are 2 glucose molecules inside the cell and 5 glucose molecules outside the cell. They need proteins to move across the membrane. If the particles are moving INTO the cell, what type of transport is being used? [HINT: Draw a picture!!]
  1. Chamber A contains 40% helium and Chamber B contains 20% helium. Chambers are connected by a tube the molecules are free to cross. Which of the following will occur?

DRAW IT ON THE PICTURE:

  1. some helium will move from chamber B to chamber A
  2. some helium will move from chamber A to chamber B
  3. no helium will move
  4. all of the helium will move into chamber B
  1. There are more particles inside the cell and fewer outside the cell. The particles DO NOT need proteins to move across the membrane. If the particles are moving OUT OF the cell, what type of transport is being used? Explain why:
  1. Explain what would happen in the following conditions: The cylinder is a beaker of water. The oval is a cell.
  1. Use a RED arrow to show which way the water will move in the diagram below if the salt cannot move across the membrane. EXPLAIN:
  1. Use a BLUE arrow to show which way the salt would move if it could cross the cell wall and cell membrane. EXPLAIN:

Starch Diffusion Lab

Purpose:Observe how molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, through a membrane.

Hypothesis:If a bag with starch and water is placed in a beaker of iodine, then ______because______

Data:

Draw the before and after images below. You MUST include COLOR.

BEFORE AFTER

Analysis:

  1. Describe what happened:
  1. Discuss diffusion and where in this experiment it occurred.
  1. What part of the cell is responsible for maintaining homeostasis? What material in this lab acted like this cell part?

Bioenergetics

What is ATP?!

  • It is the energy ______of all living things!
  • It is produced by ______in the ______.
  • It is a ______, so it has 3 main parts: ______, ______, and ______.

ATP / ADP
ATP: ______/ ADP:______

CEllular Respiration: Mitochondria

What? / CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Where?
Why? / The purpose is to ______!!!
How? / Uses ______and ______(sugars!) to make ______, ______, and ______.
Who? / ALL LIVING THINGS!

STOP & think:

  1. What is the connection between ATP and respiration?
  2. What two things do mitochondria need in order to perform respiration? Where do these two items come from (how does the organism or cell get them)?
  3. Plants cannot eat food (sugars) but all living things MUST perform respiration so that they can make ATP!! Where do plants get their sugars?!

Photosynthesis: Chloroplast

What? / PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Where?
Why? / The purpose is to ______!!!
How? / Uses ______, ______, and ______to make ______and ______(sugars!)
Who? / Organisms that can produce their own food: ______/______

STOP & think:

  1. Why don’t humans need to perform photosynthesis?
  2. What does the root word “-synthesis” mean? Why do you think this process is called “photosynthesis”?
  3. In plants, what must happen first, photosynthesis or respiration? WHY??

Bioenergetic Reactions

Using the cut-outs at your table, set up both bioenergetics reactions. Then draw the answers in the boxes so that they are permanently in your notes.

The pluses (+) and arrows () can be placed in the small boxes.

What goes
in? / Where does it happen? / What comes out? / When does it happen? / Who does it?
Photosynthesis / CO2
H2O (water)
______/ ______

Chloroplasts are green because they contain ______: a pigment that absorbs ______& ______light and reflects ______light.
/ ______
O2 (oxygen) / when there is enough ______/ ______: plants, algae, some bacteria
They make their OWN FOOD using the sun!
6CO2 + 6H2O + ______enzymes C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration / ______
O2 (oxygen) / ______
(eukaryotes)

______
(prokaryotes- they don’t have a mitochondria!) / CO2
H2O (water)
______/ ____ hours a day / ______: plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, etc.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 enzymes 6CO2 + 6H20 + ___

Snail & Plant Problem

Draw arrows on the picture showing the path of oxygen, carbon dioxide, sugar, and water.CO2 has been done for you.

Complete the following chart based on your notes and the picture of the snail and plant:

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Equation
Reactants
Products
What energy is used or produced?
Organelle
Types of Organisms
Purpose

Analysis Questions (questions 1-5 refer to the snail/plant problem):

  1. What are the needs of the plant for survival?
  2. What are the needs of the snail for survival?
  3. In what ways does the snail need the plant for survival?
  4. Does the plant need the snail for survival? Why or why not?
  5. If you had to choose one as more important (the snail or plant), which would you pick and why?
  6. Describe how photosynthesis and respiration work together to provide the needs of all organisms.
  7. Give at least TWO REASONS why photosynthesis and respiration are often described as being the “opposite” of each other.