Unit 3 Cell Function and Structure

STUDY GUIDE

  1. Know the contributions the following scientist made toward our understanding of the cell.
  • Robert Hooke
  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  • Matthias Schleiden
  • Theodor Schwann
  • Rudolph Virchow
  • Robert Brown
  1. Write the 3 parts of the Cell theory.
  1. Compare and contrast Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
  1. Recognize and label both animal and plant cells.

ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

  1. Recognize and know the function 6. Know the parts of a Compound Light

of the following organelles. Microscope

  • Nucleus
  • Nucleolus 7. What are SEM and TEM?
  • Nuclear envelope Describe how each one functions.
  • Ribosomes
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum8. What is a virus?
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Describe their structure?
  • Golgi apparatus Why are they NOT considered living?
  • Lysosomes Explain both the lytic and lysogenic
  • Vacuoles cycles.
  • Mitochondria What is a capsid?
  • Chloroplast What is a bacteriophage?
  • Centrioles What is a retrovirus? Give an example
  • Cytoskeleton How are viruses classified?
  • Cell membrane What is meant by a virus being cell specific?
  • Cell wall

Name: ______Date: ______

Practice/Homework: Viruses Review

1. Place the letter in the blank that is correctly labeling each viral part listed below.

______1. Genetic Material

______2. Surface Markers

______3. Envelope

______4. Capsid

2. What are two reasons why viruses are not considered alive?

  1. ______
  2. ______

3. What two things do a virus and a cell have in common?

  1. ______
  2. ______

4. Even though viruses can reproduce, they can only reproduce with the help of what?

______

5. Can antibiotics kill bacteria? ______6. Can antibiotics kill viruses? ______

Decide whether the following diseases are caused by a virus or a bacterium.

7. The common cold causes fever, congestion, headaches and a runny nose. While these common symptoms can be treated by over the counter drugs, the common cold cannot be cured with antibiotics. Are colds caused by bacteria or viruses? ______

8. Diphtheria is serious illness in which toxins deteriorate nervous tissue. Antitoxins can be used to counteract these affects and antibiotics can be used to rid the body of any remaining parasites. Based on these facts, is diphtheria caused by bacteria or viruses? ______

9. Chicken pox is an infectious disease which causes the patient’s body to be covered in blisters. Chicken pox does not respond to treatment with antibiotics. Is chicken pox a bacteria or a virus? ______

10. Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is aninfection can cause chills, sore throat, muscle aches, pain and fever. The flucannot be controlled by antibiotics. Is Influenza a bacteria or a virus? ______

Below are several statements that summarize the life cycle

of a virus. Place thesestatements in the correct order in

which they occur (1-5).

______The new viruses spontaneously assemble themselves.

______The virus attaches itself to the host cell.

______The cell reproduces the virus’ genetic material and creates the protein capsids.

______The viruses burst or bud through the exterior of the cell.

______The virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell.

Answer the following questions about the spread of viral diseases.

1. A medical researcher has developed a drug that attaches to the surface markers of a specific virus preventing them from functioning correctly. This drug would most likely disrupt the virus’s ability to –

A mutate into a new viral strainC maintain the integrity of its capsid

B attach to its target host cellD have its genetic material transcribed

2. When a new disease is introduced to a population, it is common for an epidemic to occur as the disease spreads quickly from person to person. This is primarily because individuals -

A do not have responsive immune systemsC do not understand how germs are spread

B always have poor personal hygiene habitsD lack immunities to the new disease

3. Why is it important for people to understand whether a virus is spread through the air or through direct contact with bodily fluids?

A To prevent it from being spread to new hostsC So that the food supply is not disturbed

B So that people can identify the virusD To create immunities in the population

4. Anything that leads to the infection of an individual, like a bacterium or a virus, can be referred to as a/an –

A pathogenB eukaryoteC stomach bugD vaccine

5. One of the most harmful aspects of viral reproduction is the –

A destruction of host cellsC use of the cell’s ribosomes

B reaction of cells to viral proteinsD misuse of the cell’s receptor proteins

6. What type of cell does the HIV virus attack? ______

7. What body system do alltypes of T cells belong to? ______

8. What syndrome does HIV cause? ______

9. People who have been infected with HIV are much more likely to die of –

A malnutritionB dehydrationC secondary infectionsD blood clotting