1. Digestion is a process to ___.
  1. take food into the mouth
  2. take absorbable nutrients into blood stream
  3. break ingested food into absorbable forms
  4. store food in the digestive tract
  1. Which of the following forms of nutrients cannot be directly absorbed into blood without digestion?
  1. proteins
  2. fatty acids
  3. vitamin A
  4. glucose
  1. The primary dietary carbohydrates are starch, which are ____.
  1. monosaccharides
  2. polymers of glucose
  3. polymers of amino acids
  4. polymers of fatty acids
  1. Fats or triglycerides ___.
  1. can be absorbed without digestion
  2. are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids, then absorbed in the small intestine
  3. are digested into glucose, then absorbed in the small intestine
  4. are digested into amino acids, then absorbed in the small intestine
  1. Which of the following is not secreted by gastric glands?
  1. pepsinogen
  2. trypsinogen
  3. HCl
  4. intrinsic factor
  1. Which of the following is not a function of gastric acid?
  1. activating pepsinogen.
  2. digesting connective tissues in the ingested food
  3. destroying ingested pathogens
  4. activating pancreatic enzymes
  1. Intrinsic factor has the function of ___?
  1. activating pepsinogen
  2. helping absorb vitamin B12
  3. helping absorb vitamin B6
  4. activating pancreatic enzymes
  1. Pepsinogen is able to digest ___.
  1. proteins
  2. fats
  3. starch
  4. none of the above
  1. Food digestion is completed primarily in ____.
  1. stomach
  2. small intestine
  3. large intestine

  1. Gastric motility and secretion is ____.
  1. inhibited when food is ingested into the mouth
  2. stimulated when food enters the stomach
  3. strongly stimulated after chyme have entered the small intestine
  1. Bile is produced by ____.
  1. hepatocytes
  2. gallbladder
  3. pancreas
  4. small intestine
  1. Bile salts are needed for digestion and absorption of ____.
  1. carbohydrates
  2. proteins
  3. fats
  4. minerals
  1. Which component of bile is reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation?
  1. bile salts
  2. bile pigments
  3. cholesterol
  4. minerals
  1. Pancreatic juice is ____.
  1. acidic (low pH)
  2. basic (high pH)
  3. neutral
  1. Which of the following cannot be digested and absorbed by human pancreatic enzymes?
  1. starch
  2. proteins
  3. fats
  4. cellulose
  1. Bile and pancreatic juice are released into duodenum when ___.
  1. chyme is not present in duodenum
  2. cholecystokinin is secreted by duodenal mucosa
  3. hepatopancreatic sphincter constricts
  4. gallbladder relaxes
  1. Pancreatic zymogens are ___.
  1. active when stored in pancreatic duct
  2. activated after being released into duodenum
  1. Proteins and carbohydrates can be digested into amino acids and glucose by ___.
  1. pancreatic enzymes alone
  2. pancreatic enzymes plus brush border enzymes
  3. brush border enzymes alone
  1. Which of the following is not a hormone?
  1. gastrin
  2. cholecystokinin
  3. secretin
  4. intrinsic factor

  1. Which type of the movement of the small intestine can push chyme towards the large intestine?
  1. peristalsis
  2. segmentation
  3. both peristalsis and segmentation
  1. Which of the following is a function of gastrin?
  1. to stimulate the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen
  2. to inhibit gastric motility
  3. to inhibit motility of the large intestine
  1. The functions of cholecystokinin include ___.
  1. to stimulate constriction of gallbladder
  2. to stimulate relaxation of hepatopanreatic sphincter
  3. to inhibit gastric secretion of motility
  4. all of the above
  1. Bacterial flora ____.
  1. are present primarily in small intestine
  2. synthesize vitamins
  3. are harmful to human health
  1. The large intestine primarily absorbs ___.
  1. glucose
  2. fatty acids
  3. amino acids
  4. water
  1. Glucose is taken into intestinal epithelial cells directly by ____.
  1. Na+-K+ ATPase
  2. sodium-dependent glucose transporters
  3. potassium-dependent glucose transporters
  4. all of the above
  1. Emulsification is required to complete digestion of ___.
  1. fats
  2. proteins
  3. carbohydrates
  4. water
  1. Hunger and satiety are regulated by ____.
  1. the feeding center and satiety center at hypothalamus
  2. cholecystokinin
  3. appetite-stimulating hormones released by adipocytes
  4. all of the above
  1. Which of the following nutrients is more often used to produce ATP?
  1. glucose
  2. fats
  3. proteins
  4. vitamins
  1. Which of the following can be stored in human body?
  1. ATP
  2. Glucose
  3. Glycogen and fats
  4. All of the above
  1. Which of the following fuel do neurons normally use?
  1. glucose
  2. amino acids
  3. fatty acids
  1. Absorption of blood glucose by most tissue cells depends on ____.
  1. insulin
  2. insulin receptors
  3. both of the above
  1. During absorptive state, ____.
  1. blood glucose is absorbed by all tissue cells
  2. excessive blood glucose is converted to glycogen or fat
  3. both of the above take place
  1. Glycogen is synthesized and stored primarily in ____.
  1. liver
  2. kidneys
  3. neurons
  1. Gluconeogenesis is a process that ____.
  1. glucose is synthesized from fats or amino acids
  2. occurs normally during absorptive state when blood glucose is abundant
  3. glycogen is hydrolyzed into glucose
  1. During postabsorptive state, ____.
  1. blood glucose comes from glycogen and fats.
  2. blood insulin level is high
  3. blood glucagon is low

D. all of the above take place

  1. In which temporal order (first to last), are the following nutrients used to produce ATP when food is not available.
  1. Glycogen --- fats --- skeletal muscle proteins --- cardiac muscle proteins
  2. skeletal muscle proteins --- glycogen --- fats --- cardiac muscle proteins
  3. fats --- skeletal muscle proteins --- glycogen --- cardiac muscle proteins
  4. cardiac muscle proteins --- skeletal muscle proteins --- fats --- glycogen
  1. Body heat is produced during ___.
  1. synthesis of ATP
  2. consumption of ATP
  3. both of the above
  1. Thermoregulation center is located in ___.
  1. medulla oblongata
  2. hypothalamus
  3. spinal cord
  4. cerebral cortex
  1. The body heat can be lost via ___.
  1. conduction
  2. radiation
  3. evaporation
  4. all of the above

KEY

1C2A3B4B5B6D7B8D9B10B

11A12C13A14B15D16B17B18B19D20A

21A22D23B24D25B26A27D28A29C30A

31C32C33A34A35A36A37C38B39D