Sub Saharan Africa Guided Notes

Satellite Image:

Population Density:

Climate Map:

  • *The ______influences on the climates of Africa are ______and wind systems.

Africa’s Size:

  • ______largest continent----11,700,000 sq. mi.
  • ______% of the world’s population
  • ______times the size of the U.S.

Bodies of Water Map:

The Mighty Nile River:

  • ______river in the world

Congo River Basin:

  • Covers ____% of the continent
  • Extends over ______countries
  • 2,720 miles long
  • ______% of the country of Zaire is in the Congo River Basin

Niger River Basin:

  • Covers ______% of the continent
  • Extends over ______countries
  • 2,600 miles long

Hydroelectric Power Map:

Mountains and Peaks Map: List All

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2.

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5.

African Plateau Map:

Deserts: List All

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2.

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5.

The Sahara Desert:

  • The Sahara limits much ______between northern and southern Africa

Desertification:

  • The shift of a desert is called ______- an expanse of dry conditions into moist areas that are next to deserts.

The Sahel:

  • Is a narrow band of dry grassland that runs east to west along the ______edge of the Sahara.

• A narrow band of semi-arid land south of the Sahara, theSahel attracted both Arabs looking for gold from Sudan andEuropeans looking for slaves from West Africa.

• The Sahel is widely French-speaking, Islamic and takes itsname ("shore") from Arabic.

• In the 1970s, the Sahel captured international attentionwhen drought and famine killed nearly 200,000 people.

Though conditions have since improved, it has yet to shake avicious cycle of soil erosion, insufficient irrigation,deforestation, overpopulation, desertification and drought.

• The area tends to find Islamreligions in the North and non-Islam in the South. Since amajority of this region isreligiously divided, there havebeen many civil wars betweenthe Islamic and non-Islamicpeople in the countries.

Valleys and Plain:

1.

Great Rift Valley:

  • As the continent plates pulled apart the land sank to form long thin valleys called ______.

Seismic Activity Map:

Tropical Continent Map:

African Trade Winds:

  • *The primary influences on the climates of Africa are ______and ______systems.

Hurricane Map:

Vegetation Zone Map: List All

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2.

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4.

African Savannah:

  • 13 million sq. miles

African Rain Forest:

  • Annual rainfall of up to _____ feet.
  • Rapid decomposition (very humid)
  • Covers of ______countries
  • _____% of the land surface of Africa

Mt. Kilimanjaro:

Topography Map:

Natural Resources:

  • *______is the single most important economic activity in Africa.
  • After oil, ______is the most profitable commodity in Africa.
  • * ______is another important commodity
  • Sugar, palm oil, and cocoa are other commodities

Subsistence Agriculture:

  • *Primary economic activities like subsistence agriculture make up the majority of Africa’s economy.

Migration and Emigration:

  • *People have moved in Africa because of ______, conflict, and ______

Triangular Trade:

  • The trade system of African ______to the Americas and ______crops to Europe was called the triangular trade.

Aparthied:

  • In 1948 the White minority government of South Africa instituted a policy of apartheid or complete separation of races.
  • In 1912 blacks founded the African National Congress (ANC) to fight for their rights.
  • * A lasting effect of ______still evident today is that white South Africans are much wealthier and have more opportunities than black South Africans.

Colonialism:

  • After World War I, Britain and France ______the lands of the Ottoman Empire.
  • ______is the extension of a state’s authority through conquest and/or settlement. This term is often used to describe the pattern of global control exercised by the European powers from around the 1400s until after World War II.
  • *______still has many of the cultural traits of its former British colonial rulers

Legacy of Colonialism:

  • Africa is still ______from the effects of colonialism.
  • ______invested little in Africa. They left behind no money to develop roads, airports, or a productive educational system.
  • The area is rich in ______; however money and infrastructure are needed to develop these resources. They only built transportations systems like railroads because it helped to get resources out of Africa.

Berlin Conference:

  • *Europeans did not want to fight over Africa so they convened the Berlin Conference in order to divide Africa and obtain it’s resources.
  • Liberia and Ethiopia remained free of European control.14 States divided up Africa without

consideration of cultures

  • Results of superimposed boundaries
  • African peoples were divided.
  • Unified regions were ripped apart.
  • Hostile societies were thrown together.
  • Hinterlands were disrupted.
  • Migration routes were closed off.

Health Care in Africa:

  • AIDS has become a pandemic.
  • A ______is an uncontrollable outbreak of a disease over a large area.
  • Some Geographers predict that the worst affected countries population could decline by 10 to 20 percent.

Malaria:

Malaria is probably Africa's No. 1most widely spread disease andin most regions of Africa youshould take protective measures.Although it is not possible toprotect yourself totally you canreduce the risk of getting aserious, sometimes lifethreatening, bout of the disease.Malaria can take from 7 days toseveral months to incubate andthe symptoms range fromheadaches, pain and flu-likeaches to sometimes experiencingdisorientation and hightemperatures.

Kimberly Process:

  • The ______is an attempt to halt the sales of diamonds from conflict areas, where those funds are used to support the unlawful and illegal operations of rebel, military and terrorist groups.
  • The Kimberly Process has been successful at preventing the sale of blood diamonds.

Conflict in Africa Map:

Causes to Conflict:

•______

•Ethnic/Religious differences

•Poor education

•Competition for natural resources

•______

•Internal power transitions

•Changes in the balance of power among states

Effects of Conflict:

•Civil War

•Destruction of infrastructure

•______

•Refugees

•Migration

•______

•High death tolls

•Corruption

•______

Rwanda Genocide:

•Civil War between the Hutu and Tutsi groups in Rwanda. Resulted in almost 1 million deaths. Ethnic conflict resulting in mass ______and refugee camps.