Microbiology test (Chapters 24,25) STUDY GUIDE / REVIEW
Need to know:
· Characteristics of Archae- and Eubacteria (habitat, characteristics, differences, etc)
· Common shapes of bacteria
· Diagram and parts of a typical bacterial cell
· (pilus, capsule, plasmid, flagella, petidoglycan wall, etc)
· Bacterial reproduction (fission, conjugation, etc)
· Growth conditions (blooms, spores, etc)
o Chemosynthesis, photosynthesis, saprophytic heterotrophs, pathogens
· Bacterial classification:
o Gram staining differences
o Obligate and facultative (aerobe/anaerobe)
o Heterotrophic/photoautotrophic/chemoautotrophic
· Name some diseases caused by bacteria
· Toxins, endospores
· Name some ways bacteria can be helpful to us
· Uses of genetically engineered bacteria in medicine
SYMBIOTIC Bacteria
· Mutualism
· Commensalism
· Parasitism
o Pathogen
o Vector
o Body defenses against disease-causing organisms
o Antibiotics
o Vaccines
o Antibodies
o Immunity
o Interferon
· Virus structure (capsid, nucleic acid)
· How viruses are classified, their mode of action
· Retrovirus
· Reverse transcriptase enzyme
· Diagram and steps in LYTIC and LYSOGENIC cycles (differences/similarities)
· Name some disease caused by viruses
SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS TO TRY:
____ 79. The earliest known group of living organisms on Earth was
a. / viruses. / c. / bacteria.b. / fungi. / d. / protists.
____ 80. Bacteria can be classified according to their
a. / type of cell walls. / c. / Gram-staining characteristics.b. / methods of obtaining energy. / d. / All of the above
____ 81. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the diagrams has a shape like the Bacillus bacterial genus?
a. / Organism “A” / c. / Organism “C”b. / Organism “B” / d. / None of the above
____ 82. Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by Organism “C” is called
a. / coccus. / c. / bacillus.b. / spirillum. / d. / filamentous.
____ 83. When tested with a Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are stained
a. / green. / c. / pink.b. / yellow. / d. / purple.
____ 84. Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
a. / smaller largerb. / circular chromosomes linear chromosomes
c. / binary fission mitosis
d. / chloroplasts mitochondria
____ 85. Structures found in a eukaryotic cell but not in a bacterial cell are
a. / cell nuclei. / c. / membrane-bound organelles.b. / chromosomes. / d. / All of the above
____ 86. Cell organelles that E. coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes are
a. / chloroplasts. / c. / nuclei.b. / mitochondria. / d. / ribosomes.
____ 87. Bacterial cells such as E. coli transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called
a. / binary fission. / c. / conjugation.b. / mitosis. / d. / sexual reproduction.
____ 88. A pathogen is an agent that is
a. / beneficial to humans. / c. / harmful to living organisms.b. / harmful only to plants. / d. / nearly extinct.
____ 89. viruses : nucleic acids::
a. / water : ice / c. / simplicity : complexityb. / brick : wood / d. / a jigsaw puzzle : individual pieces
____ 90. Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to cause their host cells to transcribe DNA from an RNA template are called
a. / bacteriophages. / c. / retroviruses.b. / antibodies. / d. / capsoviruses.
____ 91. Unlike viruses, prions
a. / are capable of reproducing outside of a host cell.b. / are composed only of protein.
c. / can infect brain cells of mammals.
d. / can be treated with antibiotics.
____ 92. A typical virus consists of
a. / a protein coat and a cytoplasm core.b. / a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid core.
c. / a protein coat and a nucleic acid core.
d. / a polysaccharide coat and a nucleic acid core.
____ 93. Refer to the illustration above. Which labeled structure could possibly be made of RNA?
a. / Structure “B” / c. / Structure “D”b. / Structure “C” / d. / Structure “E”
____ 94. Viruses
a. / are cellular organisms.b. / reproduce only in living cells.
c. / have nuclei and organelles.
d. / are surrounded by a polysaccharide coat.
____ 95. In which type of cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host cell’s DNA?
a. / lytic / c. / neither lytic nor lysogenicb. / lysogenic / d. / lytic and lysogenic
____ 96. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. / viruses are protected inside their host cells.b. / viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics.
c. / antibiotics interfere with metabolic processes that viruses do not perform.
d. / viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus.
____ 97. Which of the following is not a viral disease of humans?
a. / hepatitisb. / rabies
c. / shingles
d. / All of the above are viral diseases of humans.
____ 98. Which of the following is not a virus linked to cancer?
a. / Ebola / c. / hepatitis Bb. / human papillomavirus / d. / Epstein-Barr
79. ANS: C
80. ANS: D
81. ANS: B
82. ANS: B
83. ANS: D
84. ANS: D
85. ANS: D
86. ANS: D
87. ANS: C
88. ANS: C
89. ANS: D
90. ANS: C
91. ANS: B
92. ANS: C
93. ANS: B
94. ANS: B
95. ANS: B
96. ANS: C
97. ANS: D
98. ANS: A