Study Guide – 1st Semester Benchmark Exam 2016-17 Part 1 Name:_Key- Mrs. Smith

1. Identify Newton’s three laws of motion.

3rd_ A. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

1st_ B. An object in motion stays in motion, an object at rest stays at rest, until acted upon by an outside

Force.

2nd C. The acceleration of an object is dependent upon the mass of the object and the force acting on the object.

2. Restate each of the laws in your own words to enhance your understanding.

1st Law / 2nd Law / 3rd Law
Something that is moving will continue to move, and something that is not moving will stay still until something moves it. / The heavier something is the more force it takes to make it move, and the lighter something is the less force it takes to move it. / If a ball hits a wall, an action, the reaction will be for the ball to bounce back in the opposite direction.

3. Which law applies the best to the following situations?

3rd a. A frog pushes against the ground to jump up and catch a fly for dinner.

1st b. Your bike hits a wall and stops but you fly forwards over the handlebars and over the wall.

2nd c. An 18 wheeler needs more gas than the truck next to it as they leave a stop light.

3rd d. The gas from the backend of the space shuttle pushes down so the space shuttle can go up.

2nd e. A large rock rolls faster down a hill than a smaller rock.

4. What is the formula used to calculate speed (average speed)? What does the formula mean?

The formula used to calculate speed is S=D/T meaning speed equals distance divided by time.

5. It takes a cheetah 20seconds to chase an antelope 50m. What is the cheetah’s speed? Show the 3 steps.

S = D S= 50m S= 2.5m/s

T 20s

6. Kayla takes 50 minutes to walk 2km to her friend Kilah’s house. The return trip takes her only 30 minutes. What was Kayla’s speed? Show the 3 steps.

S = D S= 4km S= 0.1 km/min (Rounded from 0.05)

T 80min


7. Graph A is a distance and time graph. Graph B is a speed and time graph.

A. On a distance/time graph a horizontal line means: the object is stopped because distance doesn’t change.

B. Circle the area(s) on the first graph that show when the people are stopped/at rest. See graph above.

C. On a speed/time graph a horizontal line means: the object is travelling at a constant speed.

D. Circle the area(s) on the second graph that show the object moving at a constant speed. See graph above.

8. How do you know an object is experiencing unbalanced forces? The object is MOVING.

9. How do you know an object is experiencing balanced forces? The object is STILL/NOT MOVING

The net force is above 0N.

10. If Abby pushes a table with a force of 30N, and Alexis pushes back on the table with a force of 30N, what is the net force being applied to the table. Draw the situation in the space below, draw arrows, and calculate net force.

30N 30N Net force = 0N

Subtracted because the forces are

being applied in opposite directions.

11. Justin and Donnie are holding a rope that is tied to a horse. They are pulling on the rope and applying a force of 200N, but the horse if pulling against them with a force of 450N. What is the net force being applied to the rope? Draw the situation, draw arrows, and calculate net force.

450N

200N 450N – 200N = 250N

The net force is 250N. I subtracted because the forces are being applied in opposite directions.

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