Sources and Explanatory Notes to Figures and Charts

Wireline Telecommunications Ownership Groups (Canada), Revenues ($mills), and Concentration Levels, 2000 - 2011

1. Sector defined by NAICS 517111, which includes local, long distance and resellers. Also includes private line, data and other categories as indicated in the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Report “Telecommunications Revenues, by market sector” Table (Table 5.1.2 in the 2012 CMR), but excluding Internet Access revenues, which we report separately. Primary sources used: Corporate Annual Reports; the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Reportfrom 2008 on and Status of Competition in Canadian Telecommunications Markets before it.

2. The wireline revenue figure in this table includes Total External Revenues for BCE minus “Equipment and other” as well as cable, satellite and IPTV and internet (as reported in our charts for those sectors) plus Bell Aliant’s Total External Revenues minus Wireless, Equipment and other. For 2012, for instance, see Bell’s 2012 Annual Report (pp. 43-48). Revenues of Bell Aliant after 2006, Aliant from 1999-2005 and the predecessors to that entity before 1999 (NBTel, Maritime Tel, NewTel and Island Tel) are included under BCE because it had a dominant ownership of these entities, usually 40-50%. Bell's wired line services are primarily in Quebec, Ontario, and Atlantic Canada (Bell Aliant). Alliant was formed in 1999 to combine the interests of MT&T, NBTel, NewTel (Nfld) and PEI Tel. Bell Canada (or subsequently BCE) had already been the majority share-holder in all of these companies since 1966, except NorthwestTel, which it acquired in 1988. The entity was re-branded Bell Alliant in 2006 after being amalgamated with Bell Canada’s regional wireline telecommunications operations in Ontario and Quebec, i,e. Société en commandite Télébec, and NorthernTel. BCE’s ownership stake in Bell Alliant is about 44%. BCE and Bell Aliant’s Annual Reports have relatively clear reporting segments for wired, wireless, IPTV, TV and, in Bell’s case, Media.

3.Telus formed in 1990 as part of the privatization of AGT. The amalgamation of AGT and BC Tel in 1999 lead to its current form. Revenue figures for wireline based on all “Service and Equipment Revenues” as identified on p. 66 of its 2012 Annual Report minus: “other services and equipment” as well as revenues from its internet access and IPTV services (as reported in our charts for those sectors). External operating revenues, other operating income and intersegment revenue also excluded. BCTel also owned Quebec Tel from 1966. These figures include revenues from Quebec Tel (approx. 11% of total) for the years prior to BCTel’s merger with AGT and formation of Telus in 1999. Edmonton Tel also acquired by Telus in 1995.

5.Primus acquired AT&T’s residential long distance subscriber base in 1999.

6.Operated as Western Cablesystems during the 1980s, and then Regional Cable Systems (Atlantic, Central, Western) from 1993 until 2001, before being acquired by Bragg Communications and renamed Persona Communications. Subsequent change of ownership in 2006 led to company’s current incarnation as Eastlink. First cable company to begin telephone service in 1999.

7.Represents revenues of Small Independent Local Exchange Carriers, which numbered in the hundreds at the outset of the period covered in this study and around 50 today.

8Created in 1999 through merger of AT&T long distance services, MetroNet, ACC and Netcom. Residential long distance and Internet services sold to Primus in 1999. Remaining operations branded Allstream in 2003, then acquired by MTS in 2004.

9.Est. 1993. Offered service under Sprint brand. Acquired by Rogers in 2004.

10.Shaw originally had large stake. Acquired by Bell in 2004, with 360 Networks customer base in Eastern Canada sold to Call-Net.

11.Bankrupt in 2001.

Wired Telecommunications Ownership Groups (French), Revenues ($mills), and Concentration Levels, 2000 - 2011

  1. Excludes internet access. Primary sources used: Corporate Annual Reports; the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Reportand the Telecommunications Monitoring Reportas well as theStatus of Competition in Canadian Telecommunications Markets before it. Estimated revenue in English-language markets are the sum left over after French market revenues substracted. Estimates for Quebec are a function of the Quebec population to Canada as a whole for each year of our calculations.
  2. Bell's revenue including Bell Aliant: 8344*(100% - 19.1%) = 6,750.3 million. Percentage of Quebec pop out of total pop of Ontario and Quebec in 2011: 7,977,989/21, 344,283 = 37.38% (Source: Statistics Canada, Cansim, Table 051-0001). Its estimated French Revenue for 2011 would be: $2523.3 million (6750.3*37.38%).
  3. All of Quebecor’s wired telephone, wireless, cable tv distribution and Internet access are considered as French $.
  4. Estimate based on Eastlink having 3% of its subscriber base in Quebec based on press reports of 14,000 Eastlink subscribers in Quebec in 2009. It had 462,196 cable subscribers that year according to the CRTC in its Aggregate Annual Report.

Wired Telecommunications Ownership Groups (English), Revenues ($mills), and Concentration Levels, 2000 - 2011

  1. Excludes internet access. Primary sources used: Corporate Annual Reports; the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Reportand the Telecommunications Monitoring Reportas well as the Status of Competition in Canadian Telecommunications Markets before it. Estimated revenue in English-language markets is the sum left over after French market revenues deducted.

Wireless Telecommunications Ownership Groups (Canada), Revenue ($mills), Market Shares and Concentration Levels, 2000-2012

  1. Sector defined by NAICS 5172. Cellular licenses were first issued in Canada in 1985: Rogers Cantel and the service of the incumbent telcos, Stentor. Smaller telcos such as Edmonton Tel and Quebec Tel are also included in the Stentor group (later Bell Mobility). Stentor/Bell Mobility began service in 1985, while Rogers Cantel began the following year. Two new entities were permitted to enter the market in 1996: Microcell/Fido and Clearnet. The incumbent telcos’ jointly operated the Bell Mobility service until Telus began competing with the group in 2000 and MTS Allstream did the same after 2005. Throughout this period, Bell had a controlling ownership stake in the entities that came to form Alliant from 1999 to 2005, and Bell Alliant after 2006, ie. NBTel, Maritime Tel, NewTel and Island Tel. Other than these companies and their predecessors, SaskTel was the other major member of this group. Primary sources used: Corporate Annual Reports; the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Reportand the Telecommunications Monitoring Reportas well as the Status of Competition in Canadian Telecommunications Markets before it.
  2. Entered service in 1985 as Rogers Cantel, at which time Rogers owned 47.5% of the company. It acquired the remaining shares in 1989. Acquired Microcell/Fido at end of 2004.
  3. Began service in 1996, aquired by Rogers at end of 2004.
  4. Telus formed in 1990 as part of the privatization of AGT. The amalgamation of AGT and BC Tel in 1999 lead to its current form.
  5. Began service in 1996, acquired by Telus in 1999/2000.
  6. Revenues of Bell Aliant after 2006, Aliant from 1999-2005 and the predecessors to that entity before 1999 (NBTel, Maritime Tel, NewTel and Island Tel) are included under BCE because it had a dominant ownership of these entities, usually 40-50%. Bell's wired line services are primarily in Quebec, Ontario, and Atlantic Canada (Bell Aliant). Alliant was formed in 1999 to combine the interests of MT&T, NBTel, NewTel (Nfld) and PEI Tel. Bell Canada (or subsequently BCE) had already been the majority share-holder in all of these companies since 1966, except NorthwestTel, which it acquired in 1988. The entity was re-branded Bell Alliant in 2006 after being amalgamated with Bell Canada’s regional telecommunications operations in Ontario and Quebec, i,e. Société en commandite Télébec, and NorthernTel. BCE’s ownership stake in Bell Alliant is about 44%. BCE and Bell Aliant’s Annual Reports have relatively clear reporting segments for wired, wireless, IPTV, TV and, in Bell’s case, Media. The wiredline revenue figure in this table combines Total External Revenues for BCE and Bell Aliant and subtracts Equipment and other, TV, Wireless and internet. For 2011, for instance, see Bell’s 2011 Annual Report (pp. 44-47).
  7. Quebecor acquired Videotron in 2000 and began offering wireless services in 2008.

Wireless Telecommunications Ownership Groups (French), Revenue ($million), Market Shares and Concentration Levels, 2000-2012

1. Same as above. Estimates for Quebec are a function of the Quebec population to Canada as a whole for each year of our calculations. Population in Quebec: 7,977,989 in 2011 (Institut de la Statistique Quebec, Population of Quebec, 2001 - 2012). Wireless Penetration Rate in Quebec: 65% in 2011 (CRTC Monitor Report 2012, Table 5.5.11). Estimated Number of wireless subscribers in for Quebec: 5,185,693. Quebec ARPU: $50.36 (CRTC Monitor Report 2012, Table 5.5.6). Revenue Fr.: $186.1 million (308,030*12*50.36).

2. Rogers Subscribers Fr.: 5,185,693*31%= 1,607,565. ARPU: 60.20 (Rogers Annual Report 2012, p.74).

3.Microcell Annual Report 2003. Available via System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (Sedar).

4.Bell’s Subscribers Fr.: 5,185,693*34%= 1,763,136. ARPU: 53.55 (Bell Annual Report 2011, p.25). Subscribers Fr.: 5,185,693*28%= 1,451,994. ARPU: 59 (Telus Annual Report 2011, p. 36 ).

  1. New Entrants (2010 and 2011) include new wireless entities that acquired spectrum in 2008 AWS spectrum auction, except Videotron – treated separately. Wireless revenue for New Entrants (except Videotron): $186.1m.Population in Quebec: 7,977,989 in 2011(Source: Institut de la Statistique Quebec, Population of Quebec, 2001 - 2012).
  2. All of Quebecor’s wireless, wired telephone, cabletv distribution and Internet access are considered as French $, as derived from its Annual Reports and/or Annual Financial Reviews.

Wireless Telecommunications Ownership Groups (English), Revenue ($mills), Market Shares and Concentration Levels, 2000-2012

1Same as above. Estimated revenue in English-language markets is the sum left over after French market revenues deducted.

Internet Service Providers (Canada), Revenues and Concentration Levels, 2000-2012

  1. Sector defined by NAICS 518111, which includes dial-up and high-speed Internet access. Primary sources used: the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Reportand the Telecommunications Monitoring Reportas well as the Status of Competition in Canadian Telecommunications Markets before it; Statistics Canada Annual Survey of Internet Service Providers and Related Services and Cansim Table 3540006; Company revenues obtained primarily from Annual Reports. Estimated French Revenue is based on the percentage of Quebec high speed internet subscribers # out of national high speed internet subscribers # in each year according to Statistics Canada, Table 353-0003.
  2. Revenues of Bell Aliant after 2006, Aliant from 1999-2005 and the predecessors to that entity before 1999 (NBTel, Maritime Tel, NewTel and Island Tel) are included under BCE because it had a dominant ownership of these entities, usually 40-50%. Bell's wired line services are primarily in Quebec, Ontario, and Atlantic Canada (Bell Aliant). Alliant was formed in 1999 to combine the interests of MT&T, NBTel, NewTel (Nfld) and PEI Tel. Bell Canada (or subsequently BCE) had already been the majority share-holder in all of these companies since 1966, except NorthwestTel, which it acquired in 1988. The entity was re-branded Bell Alliant in 2006 after being amalgamated with Bell Canada’s regional wireline telecommunications operations in Ontario and Quebec, i,e. Société en commandite Télébec, and NorthernTel. BCE’s ownership stake in Bell Alliant is about 44%. BCE and Bell Aliant’s Annual Reports have relatively clear reporting segments for wired, wireless, IPTV, TV and, in Bell’s case, Media. The wiredline revenue figure in this table combines Total External Revenues for BCE and Bell Aliant and subtracts Equipment and other, TV, Wireless and internet. For 2011, for instance, see Bell’s 2011 Annual Report (pp. 44-47).
  3. Telus formed in 1990 as part of the privatization of AGT. The amalgamation of AGT and BC Tel in 1999 lead to its current form.
  4. BCTel also owned Quebec Tel from 1966. These figures include revenues from Quebec Tel (approx. 11% of total) for the years prior to BCTel’s merger with AGT and formation of Telus in 1999.
  5. Primus acquired 28,000 residential subscribers from ATT in 1999 and another 10,000 by acquiring Infinity Online.
  6. Est. 1993. Offered service under Sprint brand. Acquired by Rogers in 2004.
  7. Uses end of year figures for 2003 for 2004 data because of accounting changes at Look.
  8. Reflects merger of Internet Direct (20,000 subs) and Total Net (31,000 subs) in late 1996.
  9. Owned by Vecima Networks Inc.
  10. Acquired by Telus in 2001. PsiNet acquired Istar in 1998 and TotalNet (60,000 subscribers) in 1999. Figures for 2000 are for corporate accounts.
  11. 50/50 owned by Rhythms Canada and Axxent.

Internet Service Providers (French-Language Markets), Revenues and Concentration Levels, 2000-2012

  1. Sector defined by NAICS 518111, which includes dial-up and high-speed Internet access. Primary sources used: the CRTC’s CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Reportand the Telecommunications Monitoring Reportas well as the Status of Competition in Canadian Telecommunications Markets before it; Statistics Canada Annual Survey of Internet Service Providers and Related Services and Cansim Table 3540006; Company revenues obtained primarily from Annual Reports. Estimated French Revenue is based on the percentage of Quebec high speed internet subscribers # out of national high speed internet subscribers # in each year according to Statistics Canada, Table 353-0003.
  2. All of Quebecor’s Internet access, wireless, cable tv distribution and wired telephone are considered as French $ and derived from its operating division Videotron’s Annual Reports and/or Annual Financial Review.
  3. Bell’s Estimated French Revenue based on the percentage of Quebec population out of national population (excluding western provinces: British Columbia, Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan) for each of the years covered in this table. Estimated French revenue out of the total in 2011, for instance, is Bell’s total revenue*33.49%. Statistics Canada, Cansim Table 051-0001.
  4. Cogeco's estimated revenue in the Quebec market is based on the ratio of its High Speed Internet subscribers in Quebec (27.24%) and Ontario in 2009. Cogeco Press Release. Continued growth for Cogeco Cable in the 1st quarter and upward revision of its fiscal 2010 guidelines, p. 19.
  5. Estimate based on Eastlink having 3% of its cable and HSIA subscriber base in Quebec based on press reports of 14,000 Eastlink subscribers in Quebec in 2009. It had 462,196 cable subscribers that year according to the CRTC in its Aggregate Annual Report.

Internet Service Providers (English-Language Markets), Revenues and Concentration Levels, 2000-2012

  1. Same as above. Individual firm revenue in English-language markets is the residual left over after deducting revenues to account for the French-language markets, as described above. Segment revenue arrived at in the same way, but with difference between all revenues across Canada minus those attributable to Quebec.

Broadcast Distribution Ownership Groups (Cable/DTH/IPTV) (Canada), Revenues ($mills) and Concentration Levels, 1996-2011

1. Sector includes the revenues of cable and satellite distributors as well as IPTV services (NAICS 517112). Primary sources used: the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Report, Annual Aggregate Returns, Broadcasting Policy Monitoring Report and corporate annual reports.

Broadcast Distribution Ownership Groups (Cable, DTH, IPTV) (French), Revenue ($million) and Concentration Levels, 2000 – 2011

1. Sector includes the revenues of cable and satellite distributors as well as IPTV services (NAICS 517112). Primary sources used: the CRTC’s Communication Monitoring Report, Annual Aggregate Returns, Broadcasting Policy Monitoring Report and corporate annual reports. French market revenue based on Statistics Canada’s Cable and Satellite Television Industry data (Table 3.3) (less internet access revenues, which the note to that table recognizes as being included. We take them out).

2. All of Quebecor’s cable tv distributionare considered as French $ and derived from the CRTC’s Aggregate Annual Reports or Videotron’s Annual Financial Reviews for the years before 2008.

3. Estimated French Revenue for Bell is based on percentage of Quebec population out of national total (excluding western provinces: British Columbia, Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan) for each of the years covered in the table. Estimated French revenue is Bell’s total revenue*33.49%minus an estimated 25% to account for Telus' IPTV revenues for 2008 and 2010 and minus 20% for 2011 and 2012 because Telus resells Bell's DTH service in Alberta and BC. These amounts -- i.e. $4.8m in 2008, $33.7m, in 2010, $50.5m in 2011 and $78.6m in 2012 respectively –have been added to Bell's English language market total BDU revenues (not Telus, so as to avoid over/double counting).See Statistics Canada, Cansim Table 051-0001.Bell's IPTV revenues based on company's Investor Conference 2012 Q4 (Feb. 7, 2013) (p. 40) for number of subscribers and $60/mo ARPU for 2012. Bell Aliant's subscriber numbers are from its 2011 Annual Report (2011, p. 2) as well as its Supplemental Financial Information 4th Quarter 2012(pp. 8-9). I use the CRTC's annual ARPU estimates for BDUs of $59.41/month reported in the 2011 Communications Monitoring Report (p. 96). CRTC reports a lower ARPU for IPTV services of $41, but this seems implausible because figures reported in Bell's own Annual Report and by other providers. To indicate the reasonableness for these IPTV ARPU figures, SaskTel, for example, identifies a monthly ARPU for IPTV services of $62.38.

4. Cogeco's estimated revenue in the Quebec market is based on the ratio of its cable subscribers in that province (30.87%) and Ontario (the rest) in 2009. Cogeco Press Release. Continued growth for Cogeco Cable in the first quarter and upward revision of its fiscal 2010 guidelines, p. 19. Original revenue figure from CRTC’s Annual Aggregate Report

5. Estimate based on Eastlink having 3% of its cable and HSIA subscriber base in Quebec based on it having 14,000 subscribers in Quebec in 2009, a year in which it reported having a total of 462,196 cable subscribers to the CRTC in its Aggregate Annual Report.

Broadcast Distribution Ownership Groups, Revenue ($Mills) (English), Market Shares and Concentration Levels, 1984-2011

1. Same as above. Estimated English market revenue is based on subtracting Quebec revenue estimate based on method described in Note 1 in the corresponding table to this one for the French-language population from the total national revenues for this sector, with population ratios established for each year covered in this table based on Statistics Canada, Table 051-0001.

2. Based on CRTC’s Aggregate Annual Reports for cable and Shaw’s DTH service. Checked against corporate annual reports, which in turn are used for data before 2008.

3. Based on CRTCS Aggregate Annual Reports and checked against Rogers’ annual reports, which in turn are used for data before 2008.

4.Estimated revenue for Bell is based on residual after accounting for French revenues (see notes on French market above) and includes the revenues from Telus’ reselling of Bell’s DTH services in Alberta and BC, which I estimated at being $47.5 million in 2008, $101.5 million in 2010 and $189.5 million in 2011, based on Telus’s Annual Reports and discussions with officials from that company. Bell's IPTV revenues based on company's Investor Conference 2012 Q4 (Feb. 7, 2013) (p. 40) for number of subscribers and $60/mo ARPU for 2012. Bell Aliant's subscriber numbers are from its 2011Annual Report (2011, p. 2) as well as its Supplemental Financial Information 4th Quarter 2012(pp. 8-9). I use the CRTC's annual ARPU estimates for BDUs of $59.41/month reported in the 2011 Communications Monitoring Report (p. 96). CRTC reports a lower ARPU for IPTV services of $41, but this seems implausible because (a) Bell's own reported ARPU is much higher as is SaskTel's Annual Report, which identifies a monthly ARPU for their IPTV services of $62.38. ARPU * subscribers to arrive at revenues per annum is adjusted to take account of growth over the year. If there is a weakness in my approach to apportioning revenues between Telus and Bell with respect to the latter’s DTH service being resold by the former, it is to under-estimate Bell’s BDU revenues in the French market in the early years of IPTV development when Telus’s reselling of Bell's DTH service accounted for a greater proportion of its revenues. The effect would be reversed over time as Telus switched subscribers away from the DTH service it is reselling for Bell to its own IPTV service.