SCIENCE: 2nd Semester Study Guide
1)What kind of waves causes particles in rocks to move back and forth (compressions) in the same direction? PRIMARY WAVES
2)An earthquake’s EPICENTER is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus.
3)If a major earthquake occurred in a populated inland area far from the shore, what would likely to result?
THE AREA WOULD EXPERIENCE DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES, LOSS OF LIVES AND LANDSLIDES
4)Four recent earthquakes in California were recorded with a seismograph. How can you tell which earthquake probably caused the most damage by looking at the seismographs of all four earthquakes?
THE SEISMOGRAPH WITH THE BIGGEST (TALLEST) LINES
5). What process is responsible for weakening the soil underneath a building during an earthquake?
LIQUEFACTION
6) Describes a shield volcano.
A VERY WIDE VOLCANO WITH GENTLY SLOPING SIDES
6)What are some causes of volcanic activity? Describe each type of plate movement.
VOLCANOES ARE CAUSED BY MOVING TECTONIC PLATES. THE TYPES ARE DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES (THEY ARE MOVING APART) AND CONVERGENT BOUNDARARIES (THEY ARE MOVING TOWARD EACH OTHER)
7) Why is Hawaii made of volcanoes?
HOT SPOTS EXISTS UNDER THE ISLANDS
8) Describe each type of volcano and include the type of eruption that each volcano would experience: shield, cinder cone, and composite.
SHIELD: QUIET ERUPTIONS, BROAD GENTLY SLOPING SIDES
CINDER CONE: EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS, MADE FROM LAYERS OF TEPHRA AS IT FALLS TO
THE GROUND. FORMS A STEEP SIDED, LOOSELY PACKED VOLCANO, WITH
SMOOTH SIDES.
COMPOSITE: QUIET OR VIOLENT, STEEP ROCKY SIDES
9) What is the most abundant gas in air? NITROGEN
10) The bottom layer of the atmosphere, where almost all weather occurs is theTROPOSHERE
11) The EXOSPHERE layer extends into outer space.
12) What would a newspaper or television reporter most likely ask people to do if there was an approaching hurricane?
EVERYBODY WOULD NEED TO EVACUATE LOW LYING AREAS NEAR THE COAST
AND FIND HIGHER GROUND
13) If the temperatures are below 32*F/0*C and enough water vapor is present in the atmosphere to cause condensation to occur during the night, we will find FROST on our cars the next morning.
14) The following picture is an example of a CUMULONIMBUS cloud. These are always present during thunder storms.
15) When air holds all the water vapor it possibly can, we say it is SATURATED.
16) Anna`s science class has been studying the water cycle and its relationship to changes in the weather. They are learning about factors that affect weather patterns and how weather forecasts are made.
After a storm there was a lot of water vapor in the air. It was a hot day and Anna noticed that her shirt felt a little damp. What caused this dampness? HUMIDITY
17) A sudden change in the weather at a certain location is most likely caused by the arrival of an AIR MASS.
18) What does an anemometer measure? WIND SPEED
19) Draw a picture of an anemometer.
20) Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
BAROMETER
Use the map below to answer question 21
While studying weather forecasting, Anna`s teacher shows the class the following weather map.
21) Describe what is happening in themap above? What type of weather will be happening at the location that is marked by a star?
THE AREA IS ABOUT TO EXPERENCE A COLD FRONT. THIS WOULD MOST LIKELY BRING RAIN AND THUNDERSTORMS TO THE AREA.
22) Halle watches the weather forecast to determine how many lawns she will be able to cut that week. The weather person shows a map, which indicates that a cold front is coming in. Which of the following maps shows a cold front coming towards Halle`s location?
- C.
B. D.
23) What is the map below a specific example of? ISOTHERM MAP
Look at the diagram below. Use this diagram to help you answer question 24.24). At each point in the above diagram, what season are people in Georgia experiencing?
25) What is the main factor that contributes to seasons occurring in Georgia?
THE TILT OF THE EARTH ON ITS AXIS
26) What can people do to help reduce global warming? CONSERVE ENERGY: TURN OFF LIGHTS, CAR POOL, AND RECYCYLE.
27) Mild temperatures are characteristics of which type of climate zone?
TEMPERATE ZONE
28) Explain the difference between weather and climate.
WEATHER: OCCURS ON A DAILY BASIS AND INCLUDES RAIN, SNOW, SLEET, AND
HAIL.
CLIMATE: OCCURS OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS THE AVERAGE
TEMPERATURE, PRECIPITATION, AIR PRESSURE, HUMIDITY, AND
THE NUMBER OF DAYS OF SUNSHINE.
29) Deep in the ocean, ocean currents circulate because of DENSITY DIFFERENCES.
30) Why does a wave break?
AS THE WAVE APPROACHES LAND, THE BOTTOM OF THE WAVE SLOWS DOWN DUE TO FRICTION WITH THE OCEAN FLOOR. THE TOP OF THE WAVE WILL EVENTUALLY BREAK OR FALL OVER.
31) What incident could increase the ocean’s salinity?
MORE WATER EVAPORATING LEAVING THE SALT BEHIND
32) A wave is a rhythmic movement that carries ENERGY through matter or space.
33) Tides are affected by the positions of the EARTH, MOON and the SUN.
Use the picture below to answer question 34
PAGE 529 IN THE TEXTBOOK: FIGURE 17.
34) Place an X at the positions in the picture above that would be experiencing a high tide?
35) Draw a wave and label the following
CrestTrough Wave heightWave length
PAGE 524 IN THE TEXTBOOK
36) A TRENCH forms when one oceanic crust plate sinks beneath another at a subduction zone.
37) The mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range that forms from MAGMA SEEPING THROUGH
FROM SEAFLOOR SPREADING.
38) Most ocean pollution comes from LAND RUN OFF.
39) What type of ocean pollution includes the carrying of herbicides, insecticides, and industrial waste being carried by streams into the oceans? CHEMICAL POLLUTION
40) Agriculture, deforestation, and construction can cause SEDIMENToceanpollutio
41.)Draw the ocean floor and label the following parts
Abyssal plain Continental shelf Continental slope
Mid-ocean ridge SeamountOcean trench
PAGE 543 IN TEXTBOOK FIGURE
42.) Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the IRON CORE of the Earth and with its rotation.
43.) In which seasons would you experience an Equinox?
SPRING AND FALL
44.) In which seasons would you experience a Solstice?
SUMMER AND WINTER
45.) The diagram below indicates that a(n) SOLAR ECLIPSE is occurring.
46.) The diagram below indicates that a(n)LUNAR ECLIPSE is occurring.
47)
The galaxies picture above be best be classified as a SPIRAL galaxy.
48) To express the distance between the Milky Way galaxy and other galaxies, the most appropriate unit of measurement is the _ASTRONOMICAL UNITS (AU)
49) Astronauts weigh more on Earth than they do on the moon because THE MOON HAS LESS GRAVITY THAN EARTH.
50) How do we measure the length of a year? THE LENGTH OF A YEAR IS EQUIVALENT TO THE TIME IT TAKES FOR ONE REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH AROUND THE SUN.
51) At certain times of the year, meteor showers can be observed from Earth. Why are these objects from space usually harmless? THEY BURN UP HIGH IN THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE BEFORE THEY REACH THE SURFACE OF EARTH.
List the 4 planets closest to the Sun in order starting with the planet that is the closest to the sun.
52). MERCURY
53). VENUS
54) EARTH
55) MARS