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Unit 6 Chapter 12 Sec 3 & 4

Sam Houston’s 2nd Presidency and Annexation Q&A

What 3 things did Sam Houston try to do to cut costs and eliminate Texas’s debt?

  1. He eliminated dozens of government positions.
  1. He cut the size of the army.
  1. He tried to sell navy ships, but angry citizens of Galveston prevented the sale.
  1. Why was the debt of the republic largely increased after Houston’s attempts to cut costs?

Because of the high interest that had to be paid.

  1. Who was the Commodore of the Texas Navy that Houston dishonorably discharged and court-martialed for aiding Mexican rebels by blockading the Mexican coast?

Edwin W. Moore

  1. How did Houston make a temporary peace with the Native Americans?

He signed peace treaties with Native American tribes and wrote a letter to Indian commissioners expressing his views over their rights.

  1. What free African American did he appoint as an agent and interpreter to negotiate peace treaties?

William Goyens

  1. Who was Jack Coffee Hays?

Jack Coffee Hays was a surveyor of the Republic of Texas and a captain of the Texas Rangers during the Lamar and Houston presidencies.

  1. What was the Mier Expedition?

Houston ordered General Somervell to patrol the border area between San Antonio and Laredo. They found nothing. But Colonel Fisher and 300 men mutinied and attacked the Mexican town of Mier.

  1. How did the Mier Expedition end?

The Texans, outnumbered and low of supplies, surrendered to the Mexican army after two days of fighting.

  1. Describe the Drawing of the Beans.

Santa Anna ordered their punishment by killing 17 of the 176 men. To determine which men were to be executed, each prisoner drew a bean from a jar. Black beans meant execution and white beans meant imprisonment.

  1. What 2 arguments did some people in the U.S. make against the annexation of Texas?

They believed it would benefit southern slaveholders.

They also argued that annexation would mean war with Mexico.

  1. Why was the annexation of Texas more popular in the U.S. in 1844 than in 1836?

Thousands of Americans had immigrated to Texas, strengthening ties to the United States. Manifest destiny and the election of James K. Polk were also reasons.

What were the 3 terms on the Annexation Treaty of 1844?

  1. It would make Texas a territory of the United States.
  1. Texas would give up its public lands to the United States.
  1. The U.S. agreed to pay all the debts of the Republic of Texas.
  1. What were the 2 reasons that some Texans opposed the treaty?

They had hoped for immediate statehood, but the treaty only made Texas a territory.

They argued Texas should keep its very valuable public lands.

  1. Why was the treaty not approved by the United States Senate? (3 reasons)

Many senators opposed the treaty because Texas would ultimately enter the U.S. as a slave state.

  1. What did the election of James K. Polk show about the annexation of Texas?

Polk’s victory in a very close election showed that most of the voters favored annexation.

Describe how and when Texas became the 28th state in the United States of America.

  1. How:1. Joint resolution 2. Texas called a special session 3. Polk approved the resolution
  1. When: February 19, 1846 OR December 29, 1845
  1. What did Great Britain and France prefer for Texas?

Texas remain an independent nation so that the U.S. does not gain anymore power

  1. What must Texas do in order to receive recognition from Mexico?

Reject U.S. Annexation

  1. Who was the last president of Texas?

Anson Jones

  1. What did he declare in the conclusion of his farewell address to the people of Texas?

“The Republic of Texas is no more”