Rise of Totalitarian States Study Guide

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Rise of Totalitarian States Study Guide

Chapter 26, Section 5—Revolution and Civil War in Russia (pp. 839-845)

1. Define proletariat:

1. What problems did Russia have in World War I with industry and transportation?

1. Where did Nicholas II go and who did he leave behind to control the government?

1. What problems forced the tsar’s abdication in March, 1917?

1. What government replaced the tsar and what did they continue to do?

1. Define soviets:

1. What party (group) took charge and who was its leader?

1. Who did Lenin marry, where were they sent in Russia and where were they exiled to?

1. What does the word Bolshevik mean?

1. What country helped Lenin return to Russia in 1917 and why did they do that?

1. What three things did Lenin promise the people of Russia?

1. Who ran the provisional government in Russia and what did he fail to accomplish?

1. What city became the center of government for the Bolsheviks?

1. What changes were made in when the Bolsheviks took power?

1. What nicknames did communist and counterrevolutionary groups have in the Civil War?

1. What countries sent forces into Russia to help the Whites in the Civil War?

1. Why were the tsar and his family killed in 1918?

1. Define Cheka:

1. Who turned the Red Army into an effective fighting force in Russia?

1. Define commissars:

1. Though the USSR seemed to have democratic and socialist elements, what group always kept strict control over the new Soviet Union?

1. What did Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) allow for in 1921?

1. What two men struggled for power after the death of Lenin in 1924 and who won?

1. What eventually happened to Trotsky in Mexico?

Chapter 28, Section 3—Fascism in Italy (pp. 898-902)

1. What impact did WWI, and a corrupt Italian government, have on returning soldiers?

1. What did Benito Mussolini reject during WWI, what did he embrace, and what party did he start?

1. Where did the term fasces come from, what did it symbolize, and what did he propose to replace corruption and turmoil with?

1. Define Black Shirts:

1. What was the March on Rome and what did Victor Emmanuel III allow Mussolini to do?

1. What title did Mussolini take and what does it mean?

1. What four things did Mussolini do after taking power and who’s blessing did he get?

1. List some of Mussolini’s terror tactics.
2. What groups benefitted economically from Mussolini’s rule and what groups did not?

1. What was all-important in Mussolini’s new system and for what did women need to do to get a medal from Il Duce himself?

1. List three things done by young Fascists in Italy during Mussolini’s reign.

1. Define totalitarian state:

1. Define fascism:

1. List three things glorified by Fascism.

1. How did Fascism feel about democracy?

1. What did Western newspapers praise Mussolini for doing in Italy?

1. How did Fascists feel about socialism and communism?

Chapter 28, Section 4—The Soviet Union Under Stalin (pp. 904-911)

1. Why did Stalin wish to preserve Lenin’s body and display it in Moscow?

1. What did Stalin propose in 1928 to fix Russia’s economy?

1. Define command economy:

1. How did Stalin’s five-year plan try to meet very high industrial goals?

1. Despite gains for Russia, what impact did the plan have on workers and their quality of life?

1. Define collectives:

1. How did many farmers react to collectivization?
2. Define kulaks and explain Stalin’s policy toward them:

1. What did Stalin’s policy lead to in Ukraine and how many died there?

1. List some of Stalin’s terror methods.

1. Define Gulag:

1. Explain what Stalin did during the Great Purge.

1. Why did many confess during “show trials” in Russia and how many people were purged during the Stalin era?

1. When would Stalin’s purges really harm him and the Soviet Union?

1. What methods did Stalin use to boost morale and faith in the communist system? Give examples.

1. Define socialist realism:

1. Define russification:

1. How did Stalin try to make non Russian parts of the Soviet Union more Russian?

1. Define atheism:

1. How were religious groups treated by Stalin and what did he try to replace them with?

1. Who really took control in Russia despite claims of communist equality there, and what was the downside of this?

1. List several benefits provided by communism to the people of Russia.

1. What benefits did women enjoy under the Soviet system?

1. What did the Comintern try to accomplish and how did it try to accomplish it?

1. What achievement and what great failure could be seen in Stalin’s Russia in the time Stalin died in 1953?

Chapter 28, Section 5—Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany (pp. 912-917)

1. What did Adolf Hitler attempt to do in 1923 in Munich (this was called the Beer Hall Putsch)? Was he successful?

1. Define chancellor:

1. What did communists in Germany demand the new Weimar government do? What did conservatives want?

1. What did many Germans long for and who did many blame for their problems?

1. What impact did the printing of money have on the German economy?

1. What event happened once the German economy started to recover?

1. What thrived in the Weimar Republic despite its problems?

1. What party did Hitler join and quickly become the leader of?

1. What did Hitler organize his party followers into?

1. What book did Hitler write in prison after his failed Beer Hall Putsch?

1. What three themes run throughout Hitler’s book?

1. What did Hitler believe Jews to be?
2. What did Hitler believe Germans needed in order to become a great nation again?

1. Define Fuhrer:

1. How did an increase in unemployment impact the membership of the Nazi party?

1. What three things did Hitler promise the people of Germany?

1. To what position was Hitler appointed and why was he given the job?

1. What four main steps did Hitler take once he became dictator?

1. What did Hitler boast about in regard to the Third Reich?

1. What two major programs did Hitler undertake which flew in the face of the Versailles Treaty?

1. What two major terror devices did Hitler use to silence critics and create fear?

1. What were some of the new rules put in place by the Nuremberg Laws?

1. What does Kristallnacht mean, what did Hitler annex and what was he planning?

1. What were Nazi youth taught and what was Hitler’s view of the role of German women?

1. In what two areas did Hitler attempt to change German culture and belief systems?

1. How were Eastern European countries affected by the Depression?

1. List 5 areas in which ethnic conflict was a problem in Eastern Europe during the 20s and 30s.

1. What replaced democracy and communism in all but two Eastern European countries.

1. Who were blamed in these countries for many of the problems dictators encountered?