REVIEW GUIDE FOR BIOLOGY – HONORS BIO. 2017

The following has been compiled in an effort to help you prepare for the Biology EOCT which will count as 20% of your semester grade and be recorded on your transcript. It includes a link to the Georgia DOE website for a practice EOCT, the Georgia Performance Standards and associated terms and ideas with which you should be familiar.

  1. For an old released Biology EOC Practice test, go directly to the practice test at There is a huge question bank from which questions are randomly chosen so the questions and degree of difficulty vary with each test session.
  2. Study the standards and vocabulary below as a refresher.

Go to following link (also on the teacher’s blog) to view the State of Georgia Study Guide for the EOCT. It is 80 pages long so you would probably do better to bookmark it than to print it! Biology 2016 EOC guide

SB1 – Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.

  1. Explain the role of cell organelles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.
  2. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.
  3. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.)
  4. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e. osmosis, diffusion)

Vocabulary List

  1. Prokaryotes14. Eukaryotes27. Plasma membrane40. Passive Transport
  2. Nucleus15. Chloroplasts28. Golgi body41. Active Transport
  3. Ribosomes16. Homeostasis29. Selective permeability42. Activation Energy
  4. Diffusion17. Osmosis30. Facilitated diffusion43. Amino Acids
  5. Endocytosis18. Exocytosis31. Lock and Key Mechanism44. Hypertonic
  6. Carbohydrate19. Classes of carbs.32. Induced Fit Theory45. Hypotonic
  7. Dehydration synthesis20. Nucleic acids33. Lipids (and examples)46. Isotonic
  8. Hydrolysis 21. Enzymes34. Nucleotide47. Lysosome
  9. Monomer22. Substrate35. Cell wall48. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  10. Polymer23. Active Site36. Mitochondria49. Pili
  11. Bacterial Capsule24. Pinocytosis37. Phagocytosis50. Protein
  12. Peptidoglycan25. Peptide Bond38. Denaturation of Protein51. Scientific Method
  13. Scientific Method26. Independent Variable39. Dependent Variable

SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.

  1. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.
  2. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.
  3. Using Mendel’s laws, explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability.
  4. Describe the relationships between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits including :
  1. Alterations during replication – insertions, deletions, substitutions
  2. Mutagenic factors that can alter DNA – High energy radiation (x-rays and UltraViolet rays); Chemical
  1. Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations.
  2. Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine and agriculture.

Vocabulary List

  1. Genetics15. Metaphase29. Gametes43. Genetic Recombination
  2. Traits16. Anaphase30. Heterozygous44. Insertions
  3. Nucleic Acid17. Telophase31. Dihybrid45. Deletions
  4. Nucleotide18. Cytokinesis32. Law of dominance46. Substitutions
  5. Nitrogen Bases (examples)19. Asexual Reproduction33. Law of Independent Assort.47. Mutagenic Factors
  6. Double Helix20. DNA technology34. Diploid48. Genotype
  7. Hydrogen Bond21. Transcription35. Sperm49. tRNA
  8. Replication22. Translation36. Zygote50. mRNA
  9. Ribose (deoxyribose)23. DNA Fingerprinting37. Gene mutation51. Phenotype
  10. Uracil24. Codon38. Monohybrid 52. Electrophoresis
  11. Frameshift Mutation25. Anticodon39. Egg53. GMO
  12. Recombinant Mutation26. Dominant40. Law of Segregation54. haploid
  13. Mitosis27. Recessive41. Meiosis55. Cloning
  14. Prophase28. Alleles42. Gametes

SB3 Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.

  1. Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
  2. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.) Also know the characteristics of each kingdom
  3. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.
  4. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

Vocabulary List

  1. Energy13.Plantae25. 7 Levels of Classification37. Endosymbiont Theory
  2. Endergonic Reaction14. ADP26. Invertebrate38. Infolding Theory
  3. Exergonic Reaction15. ATP27. Vertebrate39. Phylogenic Trees
  4. Chlorophyll16. Calvin Cycle28. Chitin40. Chemiosmosis
  5. Carbon Fixation17. Classification29. Virus41. Substrate Level Phosphor.
  6. Taxonomy18. Archaebacteria30. Lytic Cycle42. Alcoholic Fermentation
  7. Fungi19. Animalia31. Anaerobic Respiration43. Lactic Acid Fermentaion
  8. Bioluminescence20. Phosphorylation32. Aerobic Respiration44. Stroma
  9. Light Reactions21. Photosynthesis33. Glycolysis45. Animalia
  10. Cellular Respiration22. Thylakoids34. Grana46. Eubacteria
  11. Lysogenic Cycle23. Heterotroph35. Autotroph47. Cristae, Matrix
  12. Endotherm24. Ectotherm36. Theory of Unicellular to Multicellular Organisms

SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.

  1. Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems and biomes.
  2. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by –
  1. Arranging components of a food chain according to energy flow.
  2. Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.
  3. Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C,O,H,N,P)
  1. Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.
  2. Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use and water and power consumption.
  3. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
  4. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.

Vocabulary List

  1. Ecology12. Population Density23. Cycles (C,H2O, N, P)34. Nitrogen fixation
  2. Imprinting13. Biomes24. Primary Succession35. Energy Pyramid
  3. Biosphere15. Primary Producer, etc.26. Greenhouse Effect37. Exponential Growth Curve
  4. Biotic Factors16. Autotroph (producer)27. Biomagnification (DDT)38. Acid Rain
  5. Abiotic Factors17. Heterotroph (consumer)28. Hibernation 39. Phototropism
  6. Levels of Organization18. Decomposer29. Mimicry 40. Thigmotropism
  7. Organisms19. Trophic level30. Warning Coloration 41. Gravitropism (geotropism)
  8. Populations20. Food chain31. Cryptic Coloration 42. Mutualism
  9. Communities21. Food web32. Parasitism 43. Phototropism
  10. Ecosystems22, Saprophyte33. Commensalism 44. Numbers Pyramid

** Know the difference in renewable and non-renewable resources and examples of each 45. Biomass Pyramid

SB5 Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution.

  1. Trace the history of the theory.
  2. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry and the rates of evolution
  3. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory.
  4. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
  5. Recognize the role of evolution to biological resistance (pesticide and antibiotic resistance)

Vocabulary List

  1. Darwin10. Reproductive Isolation20. Wallace29. Gene Pool
  2. Adaptations11. Adaptive Radiation21. Lamarck30. Microevolution
  3. Population Genetics12. Divergent Evolution22. Gradualism31. Genetic Drift
  4. Natural Selection13. Mutation23. Punctuated Equilibrium32. Founder Effect
  5. Convergent Evolution14. Ecosystem Diversity24. Radioisotopes (half-life)33. Bottleneck Effect
  6. Biodiversity15. Genetic Diversity25. Relative Dating34. Cladograms
  7. Species Diversity16. Extinction26. Homologous Structures
  8. Speciation17. Analogous Structures27. Biochemical Evidence
  9. Fitness18. Vestigial Structures28. 4 Principles of Natural Selection