Purges, Gulags, and Five-Year Plans GH2/Napp

Do Now:

Stalin launched his first Five-Year Plan in 1928 by setting up a planned, or command, economy. In thisspeech, Stalin arouses Russian pride to motivate the people.

To slow down would mean falling behind. And those who fall behind are beaten. But we do not want to be beaten! One feature of the old Russia was the continual beatings she suffered for falling behind, for herbackwardness. . . .

So you want our Socialist fatherland to be beaten? . . . If you don’t want this, you must end our backwardness. You must develop a real Bolshevik tempo [speed] in building our Socialist economy. There is no other road.

We lag behind the advanced countries by fifty to a hundred years. We must make go this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or we shall be crushed.

What is Stalin trying to do in his speech? What method is he using to accomplish his goal?

______

______

  1. The Rise of Joseph Stalin (1879-1953)
  1. Succeeded Vladimir Lenin as dictator of the Soviet Union
  2. Used his position as General Secretary of the Communist Party to gain power

1-Controlled all appointments

2-Eventually, everyone who counted for anything owed their position to Stalin

3-After Lenin’s death in 1924, removed all enemies

a)Purges (Executions of enemies)

b)Gulags or Labor Camps

  1. Five-Year Plans
  1. Increased industrial output

1-By 1939, only Germany and U.S. outranked Soviets in industrial capacity

  1. Took peasants land away

1-Collectivization (land owned by the state not individuals)

a)Peasants hated collectivization

b)Sometimes burned crops in protest

c)Famine resulted

  1. Complete government control of production
  2. Provided free public education

1-Increased literacy rates

Questions:

1-Who was Joseph Stalin and why was he significant in world history?

2-What is a command economy?

3-How did Stalin rise to power?

4-How did Stalin treat his enemies or people he perceived as enemies?

5-Define purge.

6-Define gulag.

7-Describe goals of Stalin’s Five Year Plans.

8-What is collectivization?

9-Why did peasants hate collectivization?

10-Did Stalin benefit or harm the people of the Soviet Union? Explain your answer.

  1. An incompetent government, massacres on Bloody Sunday, and the high costs of World War I were causes of the
(1) Mexican Revolution
(2) Boxer Rebellion
(3) Sepoy Mutiny
(4) Russian Revolution
  1. The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia was caused in part by
(1) a forced famine in Ukraine
(2) the failure of Czar Nicholas II to come to Serbia’s aid
(3) a shortage of military supplies and food during World War I
(4) the establishment of Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)
  1. Which factor led to the rise of communist revolutions in Russia and in China?
(1) increase in agricultural production around the world
(2) onset of the global depression that restricted trade
(3) scarcity of workers for available jobs
(4) unequal distribution of wealth between social classes
4. Which action is associated with Joseph Stalin?
(1) expanding privatization
(2) establishing five-year plans
(3) encouraging glasnost
(4) promoting détente
  1. Five-year plans and collectivization are most closely associated with
(1) Joseph Stalin
(2) Mikhail Gorbachev
(3) Adolf Hitler
(4) Deng Xiaoping / 6. One reason the Bolsheviks gained peasant support during the Russian Revolution was because the Bolsheviks promised to
(1) redistribute land
(2) abolish communes
(3) bring modern technology to Russian farms
(4) maintain an agricultural price-support program
7. Joseph Stalin’s policies in Ukraine during the 1930s directly resulted in
(1) widespread starvation
(2) agricultural self-sufficiency
(3) the development of cottage industries
(4) the use of subsistence farming techniques
8. A major goal of Joseph Stalin’s five-year plans was to
(1) encourage communist revolutions in the colonies of the European powers
(2) transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power
(3) expand the Soviet Union’s borders to include warm-water ports
(4) reduce the amount of foreign aid coming from the Western Hemisphere
9. • Led the Russians in a second revolution (1917)
• Promised “Peace, Land, and Bread”
• Established the New Economic Policy (NEP)
Which leader is being described by thesestatements?
(1) Czar Nicholas II
(2) Nikita Khrushchev
(3) Vladimir I. Lenin
(4) Mikhail Gorbachev