P1 Knowledge Test

  1. Which model places the Sun at the centre of the solar system?
  2. Who proposed the heliocentric model?
  3. What did Galileo discover and what theory did it support?
  4. What two types of waves do non luminous objects emit?
  5. What invention allowed the discovery of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto?
  6. What does the eyepiece of a telescope do?
  7. What is another name for a converging lens?
  8. Define focal length.
  9. What happens to waves at boundaries between different materials?
  10. What two things happen to a wave when it meets a boundary between different materials?
  11. What can you do to a real image?
  12. State two factors that affect the magnification of a converging lens.
  13. What does a reflecting telescope have that a refracting telescope des not?
  14. How can you change about the primary mirror to make the image brighter?
  15. What do waves transfer?
  16. Define frequency.
  17. Define wavelength.
  18. Define amplitude.
  19. What type of wave are electromagnetic waves?
  20. What type of wave are sound waves?
  21. What type of waves can be both longitudinal and transverse?
  22. If a wave carries a surfer 52m in 8 seconds, what is the wavespeed? Show your working.
  23. If a wave has a wavelength of 13m and has a frequency of 0.5Hz, what is its speed? Show your working.
  24. Ritter and Herschel investigated electromagnetic waves, which did each discover?
  25. Write the electromagnetic spectrum in order from low frequency to high frequency.
  26. Which part of the EM spectrum has the smallest wavelength?
  27. Which part of the EM spectrum poses the most danger to humans?
  28. Give one way microwaves damage the body.
  29. Give two ways UV damages the body. What do these lead to?
  30. Complete this table to give one use of each of the EM waves:

EM Wave / Use
Radio
Micro
IR
UV
Visible
UV
X-rays
Gama
  1. What does ionising radiation do? Name the three types.
  2. Define the terms galaxy and universe.
  3. Write the colours of the visible part of the EM spectrum in order.
  4. What does a spectrometer analyse?
  5. Give three reasons why some telescopes situated outside of the atmosphere?
  6. State 3 methods used to search for life beyond Earth.
  7. Write the four stages of a stars lifecycle in order.
  8. Which two pieces of evidence provide support for the Big Bang theory?
  9. If a wave source is moving relative to an observer, what will be observed?
  10. If the light from a star is red-shifted, what does this tell us?
  11. Define infrasound and ultrasound.
  12. Give four uses of infrasound.
  13. Give three uses of infrasound.
  14. A ship detects a sonar pulse 3 seconds after it was emitted.The speed of sound in water is 1500m/s. Calculate the depth of the water and the distance the wave has travelled.
  15. What two events cause seismic waves?
  16. Seismic waves can be S or P waves. What type of wave are each of these?
  17. What two things can happen to a seismic wave at boundaries between the crust, mantle or core?
  18. What is the outermost layer of the earth composed of and what do these do?
  19. What natural event can happen at a plate boundary and what is released?
  20. Define current and voltage.
  21. Give oneadvantage and one disadvantage of each renewable energy source.

Type of energy / Advantages / Disadvantages
Solar
Wind
Tidal
Wave
Geothermal
Hydrological or Hydroelectric Power (HEP)
  1. Give 4 ways you could increase the size of an induced current?
  2. What do transformers do?
  3. Why is electricity transmitted at high voltages?
  4. What is defined as ‘the energy transferred per second’ and is measured in watts?
  5. What is measured in kilowatt hours?
  6. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of low energy appliances.
  7. State the 8 types of energy.
  8. Define efficiency.
  9. For an object to remain at a constant temperature, what must be balanced?

P1 Knowledge Test - answers

  1. Heliocentric
  2. Copernicus
  3. Jupiter’s moons, heliocentric model
  4. Microwaves and radio waves
  5. Telescope
  6. Magnifies the image
  7. Convex
  8. The distance between the focus and the lens.
  9. Refracted
  10. Change of speed and direction
  11. Project it on to a screen.
  12. How curved the surface is and how close together the lenses are.
  13. Mirror
  14. Make the mirror larger.
  15. Energy
  16. The number of waves passing a point per second.
  17. The distance from one peak to another peak or one trough to another trough.
  18. The maximum distance of a point on a wave from its resting position.
  19. Transverse
  20. Longitudinal
  21. Seismic waves
  22. 6.5m/s
  23. 6.5m/s
  24. Ritter – UV, Herschel – UV
  25. Radio, micro, IR, visible, UV, x-rays, gamma
  26. Gamma
  27. Gamma
  28. Internal heating of body cells
  29. Damage to surface cells and eyes, leading to skin cancer and eye conditions.
  30. .

Electromagnetic Radiation / Use
Radio waves / Broadcasting, communication and satellite transmissions
Microwaves / Cooking, communications and satellite transmissions
Infra red / Cooking, thermal imaging short range communication, optical fibres, television remote controls, security systems
Visible / Vision, photography, illumination
Ultraviolet / Security marking, fluorescent lamps, detecting forged bank notes, disinfecting water
X-rays / Observing internal structure of objects, airport security scanners, medical x-rays
Gamma rays / Sterilising food and medical equipment, detection of cancer, treatment of cancer
  1. Removes electrons from atoms. Alpha, beta, gamma.
  2. A collection of stars, a collection of galaxies.
  3. ROYGBIV
  4. Analyse different wavelengths of light given off by stars and galaxies.
  5. No reflection, no refraction by clouds or dust. No absorption of waves by the atmosphere.
  6. Space probes, soil experiments by landers, SETI
  7. Nebula, star, red giant, white dwarf
  8. Red shift, cosmic background radiation.
  9. Change in the frequency and wavelength.
  10. It is moving away from us.
  11. Sound with lower frequencies than 20Hz. Sound with a frequency greater than 20000Hz
  12. Communication between animals, detection of animal movement in remote locations, detection of volcanic eruptions and meteors.
  13. Sonar, communication between animals, foetal scanning.
  14. 2250m, 4500m
  15. Earthquakes and explosions
  16. S – transverse, p – longitudinal.
  17. Reflected or refracted.
  18. Tectonic plates, move due to convection currents in the mantle.
  19. Plates sliding past eachother releasing energy.
  20. The rate of flow of charge. Electrical pressure giving a measure of the energy transferred.

Type of energy / Advantages / Disadvantages
Solar / •Potentially infinite energy supply.
•Single dwellings can have own electricity supply.
•No harmful gases produced. / •Manufacture and implementation of solar panels can be costly.
Wind / •Can be found singularly, but usually many together in wind farms.
•Potentially infinite energy supply.
•No harmful gases produced. / •Manufacture and implementation of wind farms can be costly.
•Some local people object to on-shore wind farms, arguing that it spoils the countryside.
Tidal / •Ideal for an island such as the UK.
•Potential to generate a lot of energy.
•Tidal barrage can double as a bridge, and help prevent flooding.
•No harmful gases produced. / •Construction of barrage is very costly.
•Only a few estuaries are suitable.
•Opposed by some environmental groups as having a negative impact on wildlife.
•May reduce tidal flow and impede flow of sewage out to sea.
Wave / •Ideal for an island country.
•More likely to be small local operations, rather than done on a national scale.
•No harmful gases produced. / •Construction can be costly.
•May be opposed by local or environmental groups.
Geothermal / •Potentially infinite energy supply.
•Used successfully in some countries, such as New Zealand and Iceland.
•No harmful gases produced. / •Can be expensive to set up and only works in areas of volcanic activity.
•Geothermal and volcanic activity might calm down, leaving power stations redundant.
•Dangerous elements found underground must be disposed of carefully.
Hydrological or Hydroelectric Power (HEP) / •Creates water reserves as well as energy supplies.
•No harmful gases produced. / •Costly to build.
•Can cause the flooding of surrounding communities and landscapes.
•Dams have major ecological impacts on local hydrology.
  1. Use a coil of wire/increase the number of turns, use an iron core, use a stronger magnet, move the magnet more quickly.
  2. Change the voltage of a current.
  3. Improves efficiency by reducing heat loss.
  4. Power
  5. Energy from the mains supply.
  6. Disadvantages of low energy appliances: initial cost, use of extra resources to manufacture new device, cost of disposal of old device.Advantages of low energy appliances: cost efficiency, saving energy and resources.
  7. Heat, light, sound, nuclear, kinetic, potential, chemical, electrical
  8. The proportion of energy usefully transferred.
  9. The amount of power radiated as absorbed.