OIE RL for «Bovine Tuberculosis» – «Prof Glyn Hewinson » – «United Kingdom»
OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2012
Address of laboratory / AHVLA, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UKKT15 3NB
Tel.: / 01932 341111
Fax: / 01932 357260
e-mail address: /
website: /
Name (including Title) of Head of Laboratory (Responsible Official): / Chris Hadkiss
Name (including Title and Position) of OIE Reference Expert: / Prof Glyn Hewinson,Chief Scientist
Date of submission to the OIE / 25/01/13
Instructions
This form should be used by an OIE Reference Laboratory to report activities that took place from January through December of the past year (2012), unless otherwise stated, and must be submitted by the end of January every year.
Only those activities that concern the disease (or topic) for which the laboratory is recognised by the OIE should be mentioned. The questionnaire structure follows the Terms of Reference (ToRs) for OIE Reference Laboratories, available at:
Each ToR(blue italicised text)has been placed as a heading covering the group of questions related to it.
Please note the red italicised text is given as guidance and should be deleted from your report and substitute with your data. Examples are based on past Annual Reports or have been invented.
The questionnaire represents a means of gathering information on activities carried out by OIE Reference Laboratories and making it available to OIE Member Countries and to the OIE Reference Laboratory network.
This annual report will remain available for consultation on the OIE web site:
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ToR:To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards
Test recommended by the OIE / Total number of test performed last yearIndirect diagnostic tests / Nationally / Internationally
Lateral flow serology test - camelid / 361 / 5
Lateral flow serology test - badger / 511 / 0
Gamma interferon micro (2Ag) assay (cattle) / 45,313 / 0
Gamma interferon extended micro (3Ag) assay (cattle) / 238 / 0
Direct diagnostic tests / Nationally / Internationally
Culture (bovine) / 13477 / 0
Culture (non bovine) / 808 / 0
HAIN & Multiplex PCRs / 15 / 0
DNA testing of cattle to confirm identity tallies with ear tag / 224 / 0
Spoligotyping / 3984 / 0
VNTR / 3984 / 0
ToR:To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement and promote the application of OIE Standards.
To store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or disease.
2.Did your laboratory produce or store imported standard reference reagents officially recognised by the OIE or other international bodies?
Yes No
3.Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagents to OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
4.Did your laboratory produce diagnostic reagents other than the OIE-approved standard reference reagents?
YesNo
DIVA antigens (synthetic peptide and recombinant proteins for skin testing and Gamma-Interferon assay: NZ (3 mg)
Spain (75 mg)
Denmark (6 mg)
5.Did your laboratory produce vaccines?
YesNo
6.Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
Vaccine name / Amount supplied nationally (ml, mg) (including for own use) / Amount supplied to other countries(ml, mg) / Name of recipient OIE Member CountriesBadger BCG / 3060 doses / N/A / Great Britain
ToR:To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases
7.Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?
Yes No
8.Did your laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?
YesNo
Name of the new test or diagnostic method or vaccine developed / Description and References (Publication, website, etc.)TB DIVA blood test / A dossier detailing the DIVA blood test was circulated to the OIE experts on TB, and their comments have been received and documented
ToR:To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries
9.Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
Name of OIE Member Country seeking assistance / Date(dd/mm) / No. samples received for provision of diagnostic support (i.e. from surveillance campaign) / No. samples received for provision of confirmatory diagnoses
Sweden / 06/06 / 0 / 5(alpaca sera for TB Stat-Pak testing)
10.Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE Member Country?
YesNo
Name of the OIE Member Country receiving a technical consultancy / Purpose / How the advice was providedIreland / Delivery of oral vaccine to badgers / Preparation of vaccine doses and local training
EURL (Madrid) / Diagnosis of TB in camelids / Training in camelid IFN-gamma assay
ToR:To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories, centres or organisations
11.Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member Countries other than the own?
YesNo
Title of the study / Duration / Purpose of the study / Partners (Institutions) / OIE Member Countries involved other than your countryEuropean 2 – a clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis dominant in the Iberian Peninsula. / 1 year / To determine the population structure of M. bovis in the Iberian Peninsula / European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) / Spain
The effect of repeat BCG vaccination on the specificity of a blood based DIVA test / 6 months / To determine if repeat BCG vaccination effects the specificity of a blood based DIVA test / European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) / Spain
EFSA: Scientific Opinion on the use of the IFN-gamma test for the diagnosis of BTB / ~ 4 months / To assess the suitability of the IFN-gamma test as a stand-alone test for gaining, maintaining, suspending, withdrawing or regaining official BTB-free status / AHVLA (UK),
CVI Lelystad,
UCD,
Ag. Academy, Lublin,
Fed. Res. Inst. For An. Health,
Madrid TB Ref. Lab,
Fed. Vet. Office,
National TB Ref. Lab. ,
IZSLER,
Vet. Agro. Research Centre. / Netherlands,
Ireland,
Poland,
Germany,
Spain,
Switzerland,
France,
Italy,
Belgium
Evaluation of oral vaccine efficacy in badgers / Ongoing / To evaluate vaccine efficacy in a low dose challenge model / UCD / Ireland
Field evaluation of BCG vaccination in cattle / ongoing / See study title / Armauer Hansen Research Institute and Addis Ababa University / Ethiopia
Evaluation of DIVA skin test reagents in cattle / Ongoing / To evaluate the performance of DIVA skin test reagents in cattle / AgResearch / New Zealand
ToR:To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to the designated pathogens or diseases
12.Did your Laboratory collect epizootiological data relevant to international disease control?
YesNo
13.Did your laboratory disseminate epizootiological data that had been processed and analysed?
YesNo
Descriptive bTB epidemiological data for GB that are collated and presented every year in the form of annual bTB surveillance reports for GB and Wales. Links are given below to the 2010 reports. (The 2011 reports are in preparation.)
14.What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory?
(Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)
a)Articles published in peer-reviewed journals:...... 34
b)International conferences:...... 4
c)National conferences:...... 5
d)Other:...... 1
1.Ameni G, Cockle P, Lyashchenko K, Vordermeier M. T-cell and antibody responses to mycobacterial antigens in tuberculin skin-test-positive Bosindicus and Bostaurus cattle in Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine International 2012; 2012: 457872.
2.Aranday-Cortes E, Hogarth PJ, Kaveh DA, et al. Transcriptional profiling of disease-induced host responses in bovine tuberculosis and the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers. PLoS One 2012; 7(2): e30626.
3.Bhuju S, Aranday-Cortes E, Villarreal-Ramos B, Xing Z, Singh M, Vordermeier HM. Global gene transcriptome analysis in vaccinated cattle revealed a dominant role of IL-22 for protection against bovine tuberculosis. PLoSPathog 2012; 8(12): 3077.
4.Carter SP, Chambers MA, Rushton SP, et al. BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. PLoS One 2012; 7(12): e49833.
5.Casal C, Bezos J, Diez-Guerrier A, et al. Evaluation of two cocktails containing ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv-3615c in the intradermal test and the interferon-gamma assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Prev Vet Med 2012; 105(1-2): 149-54.
6.Conlan AJK, McKinley TJ, Karolemeas K, et al. Estimating the hidden burden of bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain. PLoSComputBiol 2012; 8(10): e1002730.
7.Corner LAL, O'Meara D, Costello E, Lesellier S, Gormley E. The distribution of Mycobacterium bovis infection in naturally infected badgers. Vet J 2012; 194(2): 166-72.
8.Firdessa R, Tschopp R, Wubete A, et al. High prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in central Ethiopia: implications for the dairy industry and public health. PLoS One 2012; 7(12): e52851.
9.Flores-Villalva S, Suarez-Guemes F, Espitia C, Whelan AO, Vordermeier M, Gutierrez-Pabello JA. Specificity of the tuberculin skin test is modified by use of a protein cocktail containing ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(5): 797-803.
10.Gavier-Widen D, Chambers M, Gortazar C, Delahay R, Cromie R, Linden A. Mycobacteria infections. In: Gavier-Widen D, Duff JP, Meredith A, eds. Infectious diseases of wild mammals and birds in Europe. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012: 265-92.
11.Gideon HP, Wilkinson KA, Rustad TR, et al. Bioinformatic and empirical analysis of novel hypoxia-inducible targets of the human antituberculosis T cell response. J Immunol 2012; 189(12): 5867-76.
12.Goodchild AV, Watkins GH, Sayers AR, Jones JR, Clifton-Hadley RS. Geographical association between the genotype of bovine tuberculosis in found dead badgers and in cattle herds. Vet Rec 2012; 170(10): 257.
13.Gumi B, Schelling E, Berg S, et al. Zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis between pastoralists and their livestock in South-East Ethiopia. EcoHealth 2012; 9(2): 139-49.
14.Hogan L, Bhuju S, Jones DC, et al. Characterisation of bovine leukocyte Ig-like receptors. PLoS One 2012; 7(4): e34291.
15.Jones GJ, Whelan A, Clifford D, Coad M, Vordermeier HM. Improved skin test for differential diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis by the addition of Rv3020c-derived peptides. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(4): 620-2.
16.Karolemeas K, de la Rua-Domenech R, Cooper R, et al. Estimation of the relative sensitivity of the comparative tuberculin skin test in tuberculous cattle herds subjected to depopulation. PLoS One 2012; 7(8): e43217.
17.Kaveh DA, Whelan AO, Hogarth PJ. The duration of antigen-stimulation significantly alters the diversity of multifunctional CD4 T cells measured by intracellular cytokine staining. PLoS One 2012; 7(6): e38926.
18.Khatri BL, Coad M, Clifford DJ, Hewinson RG, Whelan AO, Vordermeier HM. A natural-transmission model of bovine tuberculosis provides novel disease insights. Vet Rec 2012; 171(18): 448.
19.Palgrave CJ, Benato L, Eatwell K, Laurenson IF, Smith NH. Mycobacterium microti infection in two meerkats (Suricatasuricatta). J CompPathol 2012; 146(2-3): 278-82.
20.Pérez de Val B, Nofrarias M, Lopez-Soria S, et al. Effects of vaccination against paratuberculosis on tuberculosis in goats: diagnostic interferences and cross-protection. BMC VetRes 2012; 8: 191.
21.Pérez de Val B, Villarreal-Ramos B, Nofrarias M, et al. Goats primed with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and boosted with a recombinant adenovirus expressing Ag85A show enhanced protection against tuberculosis. ClinVaccineImmunol 2012; 19(9): 1339-47.
22.Pirson C, Jones GJ, Steinbach S, Besra GS, Vordermeier HM. Differential effects of Mycobacterium bovis - derived polar and apolar lipid fractions on bovine innate immune cells. Vet Res 2012; 43: 54.
23.Rhodes S, Holder T, Clifford D, et al. Evaluation of gamma interferon and antibody tuberculosis tests in alpacas. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(10): 1677-83.
24.Thom ML, McAulay M, Vordermeier HM, et al. Duration of immunity against Mycobacterium bovis following neonatal vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin Danish: significant protection against infection at 12, but not 24, months. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(8): 1254-60.
25.Tomlinson A, Chambers M, Delahay R. Mycobacterium bovis infection in badger cubs: re-assessing the evidence for maternally derived immunological protection from advanced disease. Vet ImmunolImmunopathol 2012; 148(3-4): 326-30.
26.Tree JA, Smith S, Baker N, et al. Method for assessing IFN-gamma responses in guinea pigs during TB vaccine trials. LettApplMicrobiol 2012; 55(4): 295-300.
27.Turner C, Knobloch H, Richards J, et al. Development of a device for sampling cattle breath. BiosystEng 2012; 112(2): 75-81.
28.Twomey DF, Collins R, Cranwell MP, et al. Controlling tuberculosis in a llama (Lama glama) herd using clinical signs, tuberculin skin testing and serology. Vet J 2012; 192(2): 246-8.
29.Vordermeier HM, Hewinson RG, Wilkinson RJ, et al. Conserved immune recognition hierarchy of mycobacterial PE/PPE proteins during infection in natural hosts. PLoSOne 2012; 7(8): e40890.
30.Vordermeier M, Ameni G, Berg S, et al. The influence of cattle breed on susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Comp ImmunolMicrobiol Infect Dis 2012; 35(3): 227-32.
31.Vordermeier M, Ameni G, Glass EJ. Cytokine responses of Holstein and Sahiwal zebu derived monocytes after mycobacterial infection. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44(3): 651-5.
32.Vordermeier M, Whelan AO. ELISPOT assays to enumerate bovine IFN-gamma-secreting cells for the development of novel vaccines against bovine tuberculosis. Methods in Molecular Biology 2012; 792: 219-27.
33.Waters WR, Palmer MV, Buddle BM, Vordermeier HM. Bovine tuberculosis vaccine research: historical perspectives and recent advances. Vaccine 2012; 30(16): 2611-22.
34.Waters WR, Thacker TC, Nonnecke BJ, et al. Evaluation of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-induced protein 10 responses for detection of cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis: comparisons to IFN-gamma responses. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(3): 346-51.
35.Whelan A, Court P, Xing Z, et al. Immunogenicity comparison of the intradermal or endobronchial boosting of BCG vaccinates with Ad5-85A. Vaccine 2012; 30(44): 6294-300.
ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries
To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards
15.Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
a)Technical visits:...... 7
b)Seminars:...... 1
c)Hands-on training courses:...... 1
d)Internships (>1 month):......
Type of technical training provided (a, b,c or d) / Country of origin of the expert(s) provided with training / No. participants from the corresponding countrya / Afghanistan / 1
a / Korea / 3
a / Sweden / 1
a,b,c / Ethiopia / 1, 24, 24
a / Spain / 1
ToR:To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the pathogen and the disease concerned
16.Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International Standard?
Yes No
Quality management system adoptedISO 17025 – accreditation standard
ISO 9001 – certification standard
Good Distribution Practice (GDP) 94/C63/03
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
17.Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body?
Yes No
Test for which your laboratory is accredited / Accreditation bodyCulture (bovine & non bovine) / UKAS
Gamma Interferon Elisa / UKAS
Culture (bovine & non bovine) / GLP
Spoligotyping / UKAS
18.Does your laboratory maintain a “biorisk management system” for the pathogen and the disease concerned? (See Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.3 orManual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.1)
Yes No
ToR:To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE
19.Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
YesNo
20.Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
YesNo
ToR:To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results
21.Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease?
YesNo
22.Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests?
Yes No
Purpose of the proficiency tests: (validation of a diagnostic protocol: specify the test; quality control of vaccines: specify the vaccine type, etc.) / Role of your Reference Laboratory (organiser/ participant) / No. participants / Participating OIE Ref. Labs/ organising OIE Ref. Lab.A dossier detailing the DIVA blood test that could be used in the face of BCG vaccination in cattle was circulated to the OIE experts on TB, and their comments have been received and documented / organiser / 2 / Gerencia de Laboratorios (GELAB) delServicioNacional de Sanidad y Calidad, ARGENTINA
Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (Anses)
FRANCE
23.Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest?
Yes No
ToR:To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of results.
24.Did your laboratory organise or participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease?
Yes No
Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons[1] / No. participating laboratories / Participating OIE Member CountriesComparative test INTERFERON GAMMA – Dec 2012 / N/A / N/A – only a participant
MIRU-VNTR comparative test – July 2012 / N/A / N/A – only a participant
2011 Ring trial DNA extraction and culture – submitted March 2012 / N/A / N/A – only a participant
Evaluation of the DIVA skin test / 2 / New Zealand, USA
Inter-laboratory reproducibility of the DIVA blood test / 2 / Spain (EURL)
The effect of repeat BCG vaccination on the specificity of the DIVA blood test / 2 / Spain (EURL)
Inter-laboratory reproducibility of the DIVA blood test / 2 / Spain (EURL)
ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
25.Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?
Yes No
Kind of consultancy / Location / Subject (facultative )Member of Biological Standards Commission
Responding to requests for consultancy on test validation / Paris and AHVLA
AHVLA / Attendance at BSC meetings, comments on papers etc
Test validatio
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 20121
[1]See Interlaboratory test comparisons in: Laboratory Proficiency Testing at:
see point 1.3