Name: ______Period: ______The American Revolution 1775 to 1783
Standards:
SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources including the writing of John Locke and Montesquieu of the Declaration of Independence and the role of Thomas Jefferson.
b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette.
c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader, including the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, crossing the Delaware River, and Valley Forge.
d. Explain Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.
Essential questions: What happened during the Revolution that resulted in our victory?
What immediately precipitated the revolution?
What were the major events of the Revolution?
How were the colonists able to defeat the British, a much stronger adversary?
What sacrifices did the colonists make in order to win independence?
Why do we consider George Washington to be the “Father of his nation”?
How did personality play a role in America’s successful diplomacy during the Revolution?
What was the life of a common foot soldier like in the revolution?
What was Cornwallis role in the winning of the American revolution?
Why would European aristocrats want to fight in the American Revolution?
What did the Treaty of Paris 1783 attain for America?
Vocabulary
Militiamen, redcoats, Paul Revere, Gen Thomas Gage, Lexington, Concord, Bunker Hill , Declaration of Independence , Thomas Jefferson, John Lock / George III, General Montcalm, William Pitt, George Washington’s Militia, General Benedict Arnold. Peace Treaty of 1783 / Battle of Trenton, Delaware River, Cornwallis, Battle of Saratoga, Battle of Yorktown, / Thomas Paine, Proclamation of 1763, Valley Forge, Battle at Trenton, Lafayette, Ben Franklin1. Patriots versus Loyalists:
Patriots are / Loyalists are2. The Beginnings of the War
War in the north 1774-1776
3. On the Run
John ______and Samuel ______escape from ______
4. General Thomas ______April 18, 1775
Commander-in-chief of ______in North America and governor of Massachusetts.
Sends 900 British troops to seize the towns of ______
5. Paul Revere-Patriot
Had job of ______
First to spot the redcoats coming.
Rode horseback with a friend through Lexington ______
Minutemen- ______
Redcoats- ______
6. Lexington and Concord April ______
“______”
______battle at Lexington.
______Americans killed.
Redcoats continue on to Concord. Destroy the town
British retreat to Boston. ______British dead.
British have to send for what? ______
7.Patriot’s trap the British in Boston.
May, 1775 4,500 British reinforcements arrive.
8. Second Continental Congress
May 10, 1775 in Philadelphia, PA
Our second ______
______appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
9. Patrick Henry
Radical delegate from ______
Radical=______
Wants to do three things. What are they? ______
Delegate Lee (whose ancestor? ______? does declare independence
10. Battle of ______- June 17, 1775
British advance on Breeds Hill near Charlestown. Led by General Gage.
Patriots retreat. ______Patriots killed.
______British killed.
Who’s your daddy now?????
King George III hires professional German soldiers to fight the “rebel” colonists called ______
11. Washington Organizes the Army and wants 4 things. What are they?
1) demanded
2) tries
3) Felt
4) Wanted
12. The Declaration of Independence: Conflict over Declaring Independence in the Second Continental Congress
Colonists fears about going to war / • To offset the arguments of not going to war13. Thomas Paine is a ______
And he wrote ______
He said the following”
1. As citizens ______
2. Patriot govt. ______
3. ______
14. John Locke has the ______to our independence
Who was he? ______.
What did he propose? ______.
Who used many of his ideas? ______
And in what document? ______
15. Thomas Jefferson
Virginia lawmaker and plantation owner. Writer of the ______
16. Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776
3 reactions
Patriots-
Other Americans-
Loyalists-
17. Whigs-
Tories-
18. The Declaration of Independence in a nutshell
Reasons for separation form England / Our theory of government / The formal declaration of War19. The Revolutionary War: American Failures in the beginning
20,000 more British troops land on Long Island.
Washington divides his army of 20,000 equally between Manhattan and Long Island.
Howe drives American forces into New Jersey.
October, 1776- Heavy losses in soldiers and supplies.
Continental Army shrinks from ______
Men on both sides go home with the ______
20. Washington retreats into ______
General Lord Charles C______is a ______
And Commander of the British troops in New Jersey.
He Chases ______throughout New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Washington flees across the Delaware River.
21. Regrouping: Crossing the Delaware
British troops scattered throughout New Jersey.
Washington and troops cross the ice-choked D______River on ______.
Good time to attack as British troops were drinking and celebrating.
900 ______
22. Battle at Trenton
December 26, 1776- Washington captures the town.
January 2, 1777- Cornwallis tries to retake the town.
Cornwallis traps Washington. But what do the Americans do? ______
23. Battle of Princeton
January 3, 1777
Washington attacks inland. British think he is at Delaware.
Washington withdraws to Morristown, NJ.
Victories at ______of the Americans.
British plans to end the war in the winter of 1776-77 but it is only the second quarter.
24. V______: Washington’s ______quarters for 1777-1778.
25. Saratoga Campaign (or the late great 3 pronged plan that failed) 1777
British Plan to Separate New England- 1777
The British Plan and what happened:
Lt. Col. Barry St. Leger / General John Burgoyne / General Howe26. We do what at Saratoga?
Why is this important? ______
27. French Support
Benjamin Franklin sent to France to negotiate what?
a.
b.
c.
Who comes to help the Americans? ______
28. Other Foreign Aid ______
Who comes from Prussia and why is that interesting? ______
29. What does the Addition of France to the war on the American side do for the Americans? And what does it cause the British to do? ______
30. Cornwallis in Yorktown
Cornwallis settles in ______on the southern edge of ______Bay.
Able to use the port to ______
American forces too ______
Lafayette and French troops ______
Washington still in New York watching ______General ______
31.The French Arrive
Admiral deGrasse is and what does he do? ______
De Grasse Asks Washington, “Where could my navy be used most effectively?” Washington says “Lets look at the ______”
What matters? ______
32. Washington’s Plan: for Yorktown
Washington’s actions / British actions / French actions33. Quick glance at why we won, could’ve/should’ve have lost, maybe why we won,
34. Washington Resigns: December 23, 1783 What did he say? ______
35. The two Peace Treaties you need to know: the one that started it all and the one that ended it all
Peace Treaty of Paris 1763 / Peace Treaty of Paris 1783