Ntokou Katerina, Giaramazidou Theoni, Arvanitis Apostolos, Kousoulakou Alexandra
“Legal and Technical processes for registering 3D Property Objects”
In recent years, the registration of 3D property objects in a cadastral system has been even more necessary while there is a growing interest in utilizing the space above or under the ground. As a result present 2D cadastral objects are often insufficient to describe the three dimensional reality.
In the framework of the multilayer construction, especially in urban areas, the present paper deals with the legal and technical issues for registering 3D property objects.
According to the existing land registration system in Greece, 3D cadastral objects are registered on the basis of legal land objects which are defined in Greek Civil Code. Thus, the use of horizontal, vertical, composite vertical ownership and ownership to mines provides, legally, the solution for registering the majority of property objects that are situated above or under the surface ground, while in the Cadastral map their spatial representation remains two-dimensional.
However, some problems may appear due to the requirement to determine, not only legally but also technically, real property objects in 3D space. In most cases this necessity arises because the location of these objects causes overlapping rights in a vertical dimension. This overlap causes an interdependenceamong these properties which must be taken into consideration for the land management of subterranean and above the ground space.
Moreover there is a number of real property objects (tunnels, antiquities under the surface and telecommunication and electricity cables, pipes, etc.) which are not registered in the Hellenic Cadastre. The possibility of the integration of these property objects in the Cadastre is analyzed by categorizing the more general situations that are met below and above the surface and examining the aspects of the utility of registration, as well as the legal and technical processes of their cadastral registration.
Finally an application is presented, which attempts to deal with the registration of 3D real property objects in Hellenic Cadastre. It concerns a Cadastral model in 2D, which presents an indicative solution for registering 3D property objects. It includes a descriptive database based on the Hellenic’s Cadastre Technical Specifications and a spatial model of representing cadastral objects in three dimensions. Regarding the descriptive database some additional fields, which determine the three dimensional nature of real property objects, have been created in the existing tables and, concerning the spatial model, it is important to mention that the 2D topology is kept. Descriptive and spatial database are connected by the software of Microstation Geographics.
To conclude, this paper deals with certain issues which arise from the legal and technical approach of registering 3D property objects in Hellenic cadastre in the framework of the new international trends and interest in 3d cadastral registration.
Ntokou Katerina
Ntokou Katerina has a Rural and Surveying Engineering Diploma (2001) and a Master of Science in Cadastre and Management of Spatial Data (2002) from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Her Diploma thesis was in the field of Cadastre and Remote Sensing and her post-graduated thesis deals with the Spatial Processes of Documentation of Information of 3D Property Objects. Her professional experience is in remote sensing, transportation, GIS and currently she works on the project of Hellenic Cadastre.
Contact Information: E-mail:
Giaramazidou Theoni
Giaramazidou Theoni has graduated from the Department of Forestry and Natural Environment of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (2001). She has a Master of Science in Cadastre and Management of Spatial Data (2002) from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Her post-graduate thesis deals with the Legal and Technical aspects of registering three-dimensional Cadastral Objects. Currently, she is a student in the Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Contact Information: E-mail:
Arvanitis Apostolos, Professor of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Contact Information: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
School of Rural and Surveying Engineering
Department of Cadastre, Photogrammetry and Cartography
U.B. 439, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
e-mail: