KS3 Bio 8B EQ Respiration 4Teachers 72Marks 33Pgs

KS3 Bio 8B EQ Respiration 4Teachers 72marks 33Pgs

Q1. (a) Respiration is a process which takes place in living cells. What is the purpose of respiration?

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(b) (i) Balance the equation for the process of respiration when oxygen is available.

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

(1)

(ii) What is the name of the substance in the equation with the formula C6H12O6?

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(c) Oxygen is absorbed through the alveoli in the lungs.

(i) How are the alveoli adapted for this function?

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(ii) Name the gas which is excreted through the alveoli.

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(d) (i) What is the name of the process of respiration when oxygen is not available?

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(ii) Describe the process of respiration which takes place in human beings when oxygen is not available and give an effect.

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Q2. Oxygen from our lungs is carried, by our blood, to cells in our body where aerobic respiration takes place.

(i) Complete the two spaces to balance the chemical reaction for aerobic respiration.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → ...... CO2 + ...... H2O

(1)

(ii) Name the substance with the formula C6H12O6.

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(iii) Name the structures in the cytoplasm of our cells where aerobic respiration takes place.

......

(1)

Q3. Paula is training for a marathon. When she runs, her heart beats faster than it does when she is resting.

Complete the sentences, using words from the box.

When she is running, Paula‘s muscle activity increases. To do this, her muscle cells

...... at a faster rate to give her more energy. Her muscles need to

be supplied with ...... and ......

more quickly. Her heart beats faster to increase the flow of......

which carries the products ...... and

...... away from her muscles.

(Total 6 marks)

Q4.(a) Use words from the box to complete the equation for aerobic respiration.

...... + oxygen carbon dioxide + ...... (+ energy)

(2)

(b) Some students investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of aerobic respiration in earthworms.

The diagram shows the apparatus the students used.

When the tap is closed, the bead of liquid moves to the left as the earthworms take in oxygen.

The students put the test tube into a water bath at 20°C for 10 minutes.

They left the tap open during this time.

Why did the students put the test tube in the water bath at 20°C for 10 minutes?

Tick ( ) one box.

Because the air contains more oxygen at 20°C.

Because the air contains less carbon dioxide at 20°C.

So the earthworms’ body temperature would change to 20°C.

(1)

(c) The students then:

• closed the tap

• started a stopwatch

• recorded the position of the bead of liquid every 2 minutes for 10 minutes

• repeated the experiment at 10°C.

The graph shows the students’ results.

Time in minutes

(i) How much oxygen did the earthworms take in during the 10 minutes at 20°C?

Use information from the graph to work out your answer.

......

......

......

Volume of oxygen taken in = ...... mm3

(2)

(ii) The earthworms took in this volume of oxygen in 10 minutes.

Use your answer from part (c)(i) to calculate how much oxygen the earthworms took in each minute.

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Volume of oxygen taken in = ...... mm3 per minute

(1)

(iii) The earthworms took in less oxygen each minute at 10°C than they took in at 20°C.

Explain why.

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(d) When drawing the line on the graph for the experiment at 10°C, the students ignored the reading at 8 minutes.

(i) Suggest why they ignored the reading at 8 minutes.

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(ii) One student suggested they should repeat the experiment twice more at each temperature.

How would repeating the experiment improve the investigation?

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Q5. (a) The diagram represents the flow of blood to and from a muscle.

(i) What type of blood vessel is B? ......

1 mark

(ii) Respiration takes place in the cells of the muscle. In the table, tick one box in each row to compare the concentrations of oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide in blood vessels A and B.

3 marks

(b) Blood flows into and out of all organs.

(i) Name the organ represented in the diagram below.

Name of organ ......

1 mark

(ii) A different organ is represented in the diagram below. Name this organ.

Name of organ ......

1 mark

(c) When a person has an alcoholic drink, the alcohol passes into blood and is circulated throughout the body.

(i) Alcohol in the blood causes the blood vessels in the skin to become wider. What effect will this have on the body?

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(ii) Alcohol abuse has short-term and long-term effects. Which one of the following is a long-term effect on alcohol abuse?

Tick the correct box.

shorter reaction time short sightedness

damage to liver damage to bones

1 mark

Q6. The diagram shows two types of cell in the lining of the windpipe.

(a) (i) These cells work together to keep the lungs free of bacteria and dust particles.

What word describes a group of similar cells which work together?

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(ii) Mucus is a sticky substance.

Describe how mucus and cilia keep the lungs free of bacteria and dust particles.

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(b) When a person breathes in cigarette smoke, the goblet cells produce extra mucus and the cilia are damaged.

What will be the consequences of this?

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(c) Give the names of two harmful substances in cigarette smoke.

In what way is each one harmful?

1. name of substance …………………………………………………………

harmful effect .……………………………………….……………………..

name of substance ……………………....……………….……………….

harmful effect ……………………………………………………………….

2 marks

Q7. People who have emphysema have damaged air sacs in their lungs. The diagrams show a section through a normal air sac and a section through a damaged air sac.

(a) Gas exchange takes place at the inside surface of the air sac when a person breathes.

(i) Which two gases are exchanged at this surface of the air sac?

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(ii) The amount of gas exchanged is smaller in a damaged air sac.

Explain why.

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(b) The list shows four substances present in cigarette smoke.

carbon particles carbon monoxide nicotine tar

Choose from the list the substance which:

(i) causes addiction to smoking cigarettes;

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(ii) may cause lung cancer;

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(iii) is carried instead of oxygen in the red blood cells.

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Q8. (a) Jasmine was trying to find out how much air she breathed out in one breath.

She poured water into a bell-jar and placed it upside down in a trough of water.

The bell-jar had a scale marked in cm3.

before Jasmine breathed into the bell-jar

after Jasmine breathed into the bell-jar

(i) How much air did Jasmine breathe out?

...... cm3

1 mark

(ii) Air contains carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases, oxygen and water vapour.

Give three differences between the composition of the air Jasmine breathed in and the air she breathed out.

Compared to the air she breathed in, the air she breathed out contained:

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(b) In the diagram below, tube A connects the lungs to the mouth. Part B is a part of the lung where gas exchange takes place.

(i) On the diagram, write the names of tube A and part B.

2 marks

(ii) In the wall of tube A there are 'rings' of a stiff material called cartilage. Suggest one function of the 'rings' of cartilage.

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A device called a 'Smokerlyzer' measures the percentage of carbon monoxide in a person's breath. This indicates the percentage of carbon monoxide in the person's blood.

Four people tested their breath using a 'Smokerlyzer' as shown below.

They repeated the test every two hours during one day at work.

Smokerlyzer™ Bedfont Scientific Ltd

The results are shown in the table.

(i) Look at the table above.

Which two people are most likely to have smoked tobacco before 9 am?

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1 mark

(ii) Don says he is a non-smoker. Suggest one other way carbon monoxide could have got into Don's blood before he came to work that day.

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(b) Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the muscles.

If the air we breathe in contains carbon monoxide, the red blood cells will take up carbon monoxide instead of oxygen.

Use this information to explain why, when they are running, many smokers become out of breath sooner than non-smokers do.

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Q10. The diagram below shows part of the respiratory system.

(a) From the diagram, give the letters which label:

(i) the trachea; …………………

1 mark

(ii) alveoli. …………………

1 mark

(b) (i) Which gas passes into the blood from the alveoli?

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(ii) Which gas passes out of the blood into the alveoli?

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(c) The walls of the capillaries and the alveoli are very thin.

Why do they need to be thin?

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(d) There are millions of alveoli in the lungs. They provide a very large surface area.

Why is a large surface area necessary?

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KS3 Bio 8B EQ Respiration 4Teachers 172marks Mark Scheme

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M1. (a) to transfer / provide / give release energy

or production of ATP / adenosine triphosphate (molecules)

accept to give heat

1

(b) (i) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

accept any other

n : 6n : 6n : 6n ratio

do not credit if any other changes have been made

1

(ii) glucose

do not credit sugar / sucrose

1

(c) (i) any two from

large surface

thin (surface)

moist (surface)

(with a good) blood supply

2

(ii) carbon dioxide

accept water vapour

do not credit just water

1

(d) (i) anaerobic (respiration)

1

(ii) any three from

in mitochondria

glucose decomposes / breaks down / reacts

or glucose → lactic acid for (2) marks

to give lactic acid

or breathing hard

or lactic acid → CO2 + water

causing pain

(leaving an) oxygen debt

(quick) source of energy

(but) less efficient than aerobic respiration

accept less efficient than with oxygen

3

[10]

M2. (i) 6 in both spaces

do not credit if any formula has been altered

1

(ii) glucose

allow fructose or dextrose

1

(iii) mitochondria

accept organelles

1

[3]

M3. (a) respire

1

2

blood

1

2

[6]

M4.(a) LHS – glucose

1

RHS – water

allow H2O / H20

1

(b) so the earthworms’ body temperature would change to 20°C

1

(c) (i) 56 or 55 or 54

if incorrect answer given accept 60 - 5 for 1 mark

or 60 – 6 for 1 mark

or 60 – 4 for 1 mark

2

(ii) one-tenth of answer to (c)(i) eg 5.5

1

(at 10°C / lower temperature):

lower rate of respiration

allow chemical reactions slower or enzymes less active

ignore breathing

do not allow anaerobic

1

worms less active / worms release less energy / worms use less energy

1

(d) (i) anomalous result / not in line with other data / does not fit the pattern

1

(ii) more representative / more reliable / can check ‘repeatability’ / see if get similar values / identify anomalies

ignore valid / more fair

ignore reproducible

ignore ‘to remove’ anomalies

do not accept more accurate or more precise

1

[10]

M5. (a) (i) a vein

1 (L7)

(ii)

if more than one box is ticked in any row,

award no mark for that row

3 (L7)

(b) (i) lung or lungs

do not accept ‘air sac’ or ‘alveolus’

1 (L7)

(ii) small intestine

accept ‘intestine’ or ‘ileum’

do not accept ‘stomach’ or ‘gut’ or ‘digestive system’

1 (L7)

(c) the answer should refer either to it causing cooling of the body or to

the effect it has on the skin

(i) any one from

• cools the body

accept ‘lose heat’

• skin feels warm

accept ‘feels hot’ or ‘sweating’

• red skin or flushed

accept ‘lets more blood through’

do not accept ‘makes you warmer or hotter’

1 (L7)

(ii) damage to liver

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

1 (L7)

[8]

M6. (a) (i) tissue

1 (L7)

(ii) mucus traps bacteria or dust

accept ‘they are trapped by mucus’

1 (L7)

cilia move mucus out of the lungs or windpipe

accept ‘cilia move them upwards’ or ‘cilia move mucus’

accept ‘cilia remove bacteria or dust’

1 (L7)

(b) any two from

• mucus will build up

accept ‘cilia cannot move mucus’

• airways will be partially blocked

accept ‘blocked airways’ or named part of the airway

do not accept ‘lungs will be blocked’

accept ‘breathing will be more difficult’

• coughing

• lungs can become infected or bacteria are not removed

2 (L7)

(c) Both the name of the substance and its effect are needed for each mark.

any two from

• nicotine causes addiction or raised blood pressure or raised heart rate

or stops cilia working

• tar causes cancer or blocks the airways or clogs the cilia

or builds up in the alveoli

do not accept ‘tar blocks the lungs’

• carbon particles cause coughing or cancer

accept ‘carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen

carried in the blood’

2 (L7)

[7]

M7. (a) (i) oxygen and carbon dioxide

1 (L5)

(ii) smaller surface area

1 (L5)

answers may be in either order

both are required for the mark

accept ‘O2 and CO2’

accept ‘nitrogen’ instead of oxygen and carbon dioxide

do not accept ‘smaller’

(b) (i) nicotine

1 (L5)

(ii) tar

1 (L5)

(iii) carbon monoxide

1 (L5)

[5]

M8. (a) (i) 500

1 (L5)

(ii) more carbon dioxide

1 (L6)

more water vapour

1 (L6)

less oxygen

1 (L6)

answer may be in any order

(b) (i) trachea or wind pipe

1 (L5)

alveolus

accept ‘alveoli’ or ‘air sac’

answers must be in the correct order

1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• to support the trachea

accept ‘to support it’

• to keep the trachea open

• to prevent the trachea from collapsing

accept ‘to strengthen the trachea’ or ‘to make it strong’

do not accept ‘to protect the windpipe’

1 (L6)

[7]

M9. (a) (i) Amy and Kisham

answers may be in either order

both answers are required for the mark

1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• traffic pollution or air pollution

‘pollution’ is insufficient

• passive smoking

• faulty gas fires or faulty gas heaters

1 (L5)

(b) any two from

• smokers have a higher concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood

accept ‘they have a lot of carbon monoxide in their blood’

• the blood of smokers contains or transports less oxygen

accept ‘not enough oxygen gets to the muscles

or to other parts of the body or to the other cells’

do not accept ‘stops the blood taking up oxygen’

• smokers breathe more quickly to try to get enough oxygen or air

do not accept ‘less oxygen gets into the lungs’

accept ‘smoke contains carbon monoxide’

or accept ‘smokers breathe in more carbon monoxide’

2 (L6)

[4]

M10. (a) (i) P

1 (L5)

(ii) S

1 (L5)

(b) (i) oxygen

1 (L5)

(ii) carbon dioxide

1 (L6)

(c) so that oxygen or carbon dioxide or gases can pass through quickly

or easily

do not accept ‘so air can pass through easily’

do not accept ‘so that oxygen can pass through’

accept ‘so they can expand easily’

1 (L6)

(d) any one from

• so that a lot of oxygen can be absorbed or taken in

accept ‘so that enough oxygen or carbon dioxide

or gas can pass through’

• the body needs a lot of oxygen

• so that a lot of carbon dioxide can be removed

accept ‘so that gas can pass through quickly’

1 (L6)

[6]

M11. (a) any one from

• to prevent it collapsing

accept ‘protects against collapse’

• to keep it open

‘for protection’ is insufficient

• for support

accept ‘for strength’

accept ‘for flexibility’

1 (L5)

(b) (i) A: oxygen

accept ‘O2’

B: carbon dioxide

accept ‘CO2’

both answers are required for the mark

1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• it is thin

• it is one cell thick

• it is close to the blood supply

accept ‘there is a diffusion gradient’

accept ‘it is moist’

1 (L6)

(c) (i) any one from

• it moves mucus

accept ‘it moves bacteria’

• it sweeps dust from lungs

‘to clear or clean the airways’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• it paralyses the cilia

• it stops the cilia working

• it clogs the cilia

accept ‘it destroys them’

do not accept ‘it kills cilia’

1 (L5)

(iii) nicotine

1 (L6)

[6]

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