Human Anatomy and Physiology Fall Semester Exam Review- 2014
Chapter 1
Know the characteristics of living organisms.
Define anatomy and physiology
Define Histology
Define metabolism
Define pathology
Define homeostasis
Know all the anatomical directional terms (Table 1-2)
Know all the anatomical landmarks (fig.1-6)
Know the ventral body cavity and its subdivisions (Figure 1-10)
Know the location and function of the diaphragm. (What it separates)
Know the Planes of Section (Figure 1-9)
Describe negative feedback and positive feedback and give examples of each
Understand the relationship between form and function in physiology
Know the primary function of all the organ systems (fig. 1-2)
Chapter 4
Know the primary tissue types and their functions
Define tissue
Know the primary characteristic of epithelial tissue
Know the function and location of a basement membrane
Know and describe the basic shapes of epithelial cells
Know the primary characteristics of connective tissue
Define a fibroblast
Know the dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue
Define a chondrocyte
Defined an osteocyte
Know the primary characteristic of muscle tissue
Know the primary characteristic of nervous tissue
Explain why cartilage heals slowly
Know the types of muscle tissue
Know the functions of connective tissue
Chapter 5
Know the functions of the integumentary system
Know the layers of the epidermis and describe their functions
Understand the difference between 5-layer skin and 4-layer skin (know the extra layer)
Know the 3 layers of the cutaneous membrane and their order (superficial to deep)
Describe the difference between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands
Describe the cause of body odor
Know what forms “goose bumps”
Describe the function of melanin
Describe what happens when skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Know the functions to the skin
Know which system synthesizes Vitamin D
Chapter 6
Know the functions of the skeletal system
Define osteocyte
Differentiate between osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Describe the location and function of canaliculi
Know the function and location of red bone marrow
Describe the function and location of trabeculae
Know the function of sutures in the skull
Know what the presence of an epiphyseal line indicates
Know the most abundant mineral in the human body
Know the function of calcitonin
Know the function/necessity of Vitamin D
Define osteopenia
Differentiate between true and false ribs
Understand the role of fontanels
Know the functions of a synovial membrane
Know the angular (fig. 6-32) and rotational (fig.6-33) movements
Describe the result of the epiphyseal plate being replaced by bone
Know the general anatomical differences between the 5 types of vertebrae (and discs)
Know the relationship between joint mobility and joint strength
Chapter 7
Know the functions of skeletal muscle
Know the primary myofibrils
Describe how skeletal muscle fibers differ from “typical cells”
Describe the function of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase
Define sarcoplasm
Define sarcomere
Describe the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction (generally)
Know the most likely cause of a muscle cramp
Know the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (what is stored there)
Explain the “all-or-none” response of muscle contraction
Explain the result of an action potential arriving at the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Define the motor end plate
Know what causes the striated appearance of skeletal muscle
Know the difference between origin and insertion in relation to muscle attachment
Describe smooth muscle
Know the location and function of the major muscles (those on the manikens)
Know the cause of rigor mortis
Describe isometric and isotonic contractions
Describe how the bacterium that causes tetanus exerts its affects