How to Increase Pupils' Involvement

How to increase pupils' involvement?

Formation Objectives

1. Language

Mixing up the simple past and the present perfect can be very annoying when communicating. Distinguishing the difference between tenses isn’t always easy, but pupils should know the difference. The simple past is used for an action that happened in the past and is completely over. The Present perfect is an action/event that started/happened in the past but is still going on/has an effect now. Pupils tend to translate literally from Dutch to English. They should learn that English verb constructions are different from the mother tongue. You should encourage awareness of how language refers to time in different ways.

Knowing this will cause the pupils to have a better understanding of the English language.

2. Learning strategies

The pupils are able to discover grammar rules themselves by studying, comparing, analysing examples. (grammar)

3. Personality formation

The pupils dare to speak up for their opinion in front of their classmates.

4. World view/world orientation

The pupils will learn in this lesson that U2 is an Irish band and they are very active for humanitarian causes. They play at a lot of benefits. This is a very admirable quality.

U2 can also be linked with Bloody Sunday because of their protest song.

Included with the timeline that is on the worksheet, there is a picture of a two pound piece. Pupils can see what it looks like and learn something about British money.

The flags of New Zealand, Iceland and Taiwan are shown in another exercise. This teaches the pupils something about other countries and their flags.

Final attainment levels

VOET:

Tweede graad, de leerlingen kunnen hun eigen interesses, capaciteiten en waarden verwoorden. (Leren leren)

Teaching activities

- Listening to song + filling in worksheet + correction. The two extra exercises at the bottom of the worksheet are also filled in. Pupils and teacher fill in fact file together, pupils tell what they already know.

U2, Irish band, humanitarian actions. They raise money for a lot of good causes. For example the disaster with hurricane Katrina in New Orleans.

Bloody Sunday was an incident in Derry, Northern Ireland in 1972. 26 Irish Civil Rights protestors were shot by members of the British army. Thirteen people, six of whom were minors, died immediately, others died later of their injuries. All people shot were unarmed and 5 people were shot in the back. All soldiers that shot people were cleared of blame.

Pupils give their opinion about musicians and what they do for good causes.

- Explanation of the difference between the tenses. The pupils have studied both tenses separately before. Pictures are shown, pupils fill in missing verbs. Having a look at the grid on the worksheet: rules for regular verbs. Also the grid for the present perfect. + Timelines (see attached pictures of tenses)

- Joke exercise.

- Exercises present perfect.

- Additional timelines to explain the difference between the tenses.

- Adverb rummy game:

- Each group of 3 pupils gets 30 rummy cards. One pupil shuffles the cards and deals 7 cards to each player including her/himself. The remaining cards are put face-down in a pile, except for the top one which is turned up next to the pile.

The aim of the game is to get ‘rummy’:

- Two sentence cards that go with 1 time adverb card OR

- Three sentence cards that go with 1 time adverb card.

e.g. I haven’t seen her new film / How many goals have they scored / We haven’t used the computers / SO FAR

(an example is written on the BB)

Players take it in turns to pick up a card: either one from the top of the pack, or the one showing, i.e. the card that the last player threw away. After deciding to keep the card, the player then throws one away.

When a player thinks he/she has ‘rummy’, he/she should put down his/her cards. If the other players agree they can start over. If there is a debate they call the teacher to check. If it is wrong they continue the game they were playing.

After this the most common mistakes are written on the blackboard and each mistake is explained. (see attached file for rummy cards)

Sources

The grammar activity book  Rummy Game

Advanced grammar in use  exercises

All Aboard  exercises

Pictures of English tenses  pictures

I ………………………………. ……..the highest mountain
I ……………………….…………….. through the fields
Only to be with you
Only to be with you

I ……………………………….…………..
I have …………………..……………
I …………………………… …………………. these city walls
These city walls
Only to be with you

But I still ……………………………… what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for

I have ………………………………. honey lips
……………………………. the healing in her fingertips
It ……………………………… like fire
This burning desire

I ………………...... spoken with the tongue of angels
I ……………………………… the hand of a devil
It ………………………. warm in the night
I ………………………. cold as a stone

But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still ……………………………………. what I'm looking for

I believe in the kingdom come
Then all the colours will bleed into one
Bleed into one
Well yes I'm still running

You ………………………. the bonds and you
……………………………. the chains
……………………………... the cross
Of my shame
Of my shame
You know I ……………………………………. it

But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for...

Exercise 1:
Why is the present perfect used in the title of this song?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Exercise 2:
Have you ever lost something that you haven’t found back yet?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Fact File: U2 and Bloody Sunday

 U2 is from: ……………………………………………………
 What they do for charity: ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Good causes:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 Protest songs:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 Bloody Sunday:

 Where? ……………………………………………………………………………….

 When? …………………………………………………………………………………

 What? …………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………….….

 Victims: ……………………………………………………………………………….

To work
To stay / I worked
I stayed / General rule: infinitive without “to” + ED
Spelling rules
To bake / I baked / Infinitives ending in –E: the –E is dropped
To study / He studied / Infinitives ending in a consonant + Y: Y => I
To stop / They stopped / Infinitives ending in a single stressed vowel + 1 consonant: the consonant is doubled
To travel / It travelled / Infinitives ending in –L after a single vowel: the –L is doubled

The past simple tense

Formation

Regular verbs

Irregular verbs => see appendix

Example:

Yesterday, I met Bob in the bank, quite by chance.

Exercise 1: Time for a joke

 Work in pairs. Pupil 1 completes the joke with the simple past of the verbs between brackets. Pupil 2 completes joke b. Then tell each other your joke.

A mouse and a cat (to walk) ……………………………………………………………. into a restaurant and (to sit) ……………………………………… down. The mouse (to order) ……………………………………………. 3 kinds of cheese. The waiter (to ask) …………………………………………… what the cat would like. “ Nothing”,” (to say) ……………………………………. The mouse. “He isn’t hungry.” “Are you sure?” (to ask) …………………………….. the waiter. “Hey, I’m still sitting here, aren’t I?” (to answer) ……………………………………… the mouse.

A family (to move) ……………………… from the city to the countryside. Their new neighbour (to tell) …………………………. them to get a watchdog to guard the house at night. So, they (to buy) ………………………………………… the biggest dog they (can) ……………………… find. A few days later, someone (to break) ……………………………………….. into their house while the dog just (to sleep) …………………………….. on. They (to go) …………………………………. to the pet shop and (to tell) ……………………………….. the shop assistant about it. “Well,” the man (to say) ……………………………………. “what you need is a small dog to wake up the big dog!”

The present perfect tense

Formation: will (shall) + infinitive without “to”

Affirmative / Negative / Interrogative
I
we / will/shall
‘ll / work / I
we / will not/shall not
Won’t shan’t / work / will
shall / I
we / work?
you
he/she
they / will
‘ll / you he/she
they / will not
won’t / will / you he/she
they

I have been to New Zealand, Iceland and Taiwan.

New Zealand

Iceland

Taiwan

Exercise 2:

Use the present perfect

I …………………….. to France three times.to be
I think I …………………... that movie before.to see
He …………. never …………………. by train.to travel
Joan …………………………… two foreign languages.to study
You …………………. since the last time I saw you.to grow
My English ……... really ………….. since I moved to Australia.to improve
Man …………………….. on the moon.to walk
Our son …………………… how to read.to learn
Doctors …………………….. many deadly diseases.to cure
Scientists ………………………. the atom.to split

Timelines: Simple past and present perfect

Simple Past

Example: I made a cup of tea.

 Action completely over, only looking at the past.

Present Perfect

Example: I have made a cup of tea.

 The cup of tea is still there, you can see it. Consequence in the present.
Exercise 3:

Combination:

Choose a verb with either the present perfect or past simple for these sentences.

agree / appear / continue / disappear / move / reach / show / solve / write

Research …………………………. that cycling can

help patients overcome their illness

The rabbit just ……………………….. in my garden one day last week.
With this promotion, I feel that I …………………….. a turning

point in my career.

Oh, no! My car………………….!
Quite early in the negotiations, they …………………….. the main problem.
In 1788 he…………………. his last great work in Vienna;
There’s not much more to do, now that we…………….. the main problem.
Throughout the summer of 1980 Malcolm…………………to divide his time between London and New York.
When he was 13, his parents……………………to the United States.

Exercise 4:

Here are some parts of a newspaper article. Study the underlined verbs. Correct them if necessary.

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

U2: I still haven’t found what I’m looking for

I have climbed the highest mountain
I have run through the fields
Only to be with you
Only to be with you

I have run
I have crawled
I have scaled these city walls
These city walls
Only to be with you

But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for

I have kissed honey lips
Felt the healing in her fingertips
It burned like fire
This burning desire

I have spoken with the tongue of angels
I have held the hand of a devil
It was warm in the night
I was cold as a stone

But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for

I believe in the kingdom come
Then all the colours will bleed into one
Bleed into one
Well yes I'm still running

You broke the bonds and you
Loosened the chains
Carried the cross
Of my shame
Of my shame
You know I believed it

But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for...

Green: Present perfect

Red: past simple

Fact File: U2 and Bloody Sunday: Correction

 U2 is from: Ireland

 What they do for charity: Give money, give benefit concerts, public campaigning, special visits and fund-raising projects (e.g. auctioning personal possessions.) …

 Good causes: debt relief for poor countries, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Chernobyl Childrens Project, clean drinking water in Africa, Aids campaigns, Hurricane Katrina…
 Protest songs: Sunday Bloody Sunday, Walk On (For Aung San Suu Kyi), Love And Peace Or Else (against war), Miss Sarajevo (Sarajevo conflict) and many more

 Bloody Sunday:

 Where? …Derry, Northern Ireland……………….

 When? …30 January 1972…………………………

 What? … Irish Civil Rights protestors were shot by members of the British army. All people shot were unarmed

 Victims: 26 in total. Thirteen people, six of whom were minors, died immediately, the others died later of their injuries.

Correction key:

Exercise 1:

sat

walked

ordered

asked

said

asked

answered

moved

told

bought

could

broke

slept

went

told

Exercise 2:

have been
have seen
has travelled
has studied
have grown
has improved
has walked
have cured
have split

Exercise 3:

has shown
appeared
have reached
has disappeared
agreed
wrote
have solved
continued
moved

Exercise 4:

/
/
has now been
/
/
has fallen
took
was done
were introduced
sold
/
have cycled
have (or has) done
/