INTERNET ADDICTION <4>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009229506
Authors Yen C.-F. Ko C.-H. Yen J.-Y. Chang Y.-P. Cheng C.-P.
Institution
(Yen, Ko) Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Yen, Ko, Yen) Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Ko, Yen) Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Yen) Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Chang) School of Nursing, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
(Cheng) Department of Psychology and Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Cheng) Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, No.64, Section 2, ZhiNan Road, WenShan District, Taipei City 11605, Taiwan (Republic of China).
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age.
Source
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 63(3)(pp 357-364), 2009. Date of Publication: June 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the discriminative effects of sociodemographic, individual, family, peers, and school life factors on Internet addiction in Taiwanese adolescents. Methods: A total of 8941 adolescents were recruited and completed the questionnaires. Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction were examined using chi-squared automatic interaction detection for gender and sex. Results: Depression and low family monitoring were the discriminative factors for Internet addiction in all four gender- and age-specified groups of adolescents. Low connectedness to school, high family conflict, having friends with habitual alcohol drinking, and living in rural areas also had discriminative effects on adolescent Internet addiction in adolescents of different gender and age. Conclusions: Multi-dimensional factors were able to discriminate between those adolescents with and without Internet addiction. It is suggested that parents and health and educational professionals monitor the Internet-using behaviors of adolescents who have the factors discriminating for Internet addiction identified in the present study. copyright 2009 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.
ISSN 1323-1316
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
Volume 63
Issue Part 3
Page 357-364
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication June 2009
HEALTH AND SOCIAL <40>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009217004
Authors Darke S. Duflou J. Torok M.
Institution
(Darke) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
(Darke, Torok) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia.
(Duflou) Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.
(Duflou) Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Drugs and violent death: Comparative toxicology of homicide and non-substance toxicity suicide victims.
Source
Addiction. 104(6)(pp 1000-1005), 2009. Date of Publication: June 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aims: To determine the comparative toxicology of death by homicide and suicide by means other than substance toxicity. Design: Cross-sectional (autopsy reports). Setting: Sydney, Australia. Cases: A total of 1723 cases of violent death were identified, comprising 478 homicide (HOM) cases and 1245 non-substance toxicity suicide (SUI) cases. Findings: Substances were detected in 65.5% of cases, and multiple substances in 25.8%, with no group differences. Illicit drugs were detected in 23.9% of cases, and multiple illicit in 5.3%. HOM cases were significantly more likely to have an illicit drug [odds ratio (OR) 2.09] and multiple illicits (OR 2.94), detected, HOM cases being more likely to have cannabis (OR 2.39), opioids (OR 1.53) and psychostimulants (OR 1.59) present. HOM cases were, however, significantly less likely to have benzodiazepines (OR 0.53), antidepressants (OR 0.22) and antipsychotics (OR 0.23) present. Alcohol was present in 39.6% of cases (median blood alcohol concentration = 0.12), with no group difference in prevalence. Conclusions: The role drugs play in premature death extends far beyond overdose and disease, with illicit drugs associated strongly with homicide. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 104
Issue Part 6
Page 1000-1005
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication June 2009
HEALTH AND SOCIAL <49>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009216993
Authors Dimaggio C. Galea S. Li G.
Institution
(Dimaggio) Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States.
(Dimaggio, Galea, Li) Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States.
(Dimaggio, Li) Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
(Galea) Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance use and misuse in the aftermath of terrorism. A Bayesian meta-analysis.
Source
Addiction. 104(6)(pp 894-904), 2009. Date of Publication: June 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aim: To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the conflicting evidence on substance use and misuse following mass traumas such as terrorist incidents. Methods: We reviewed and synthesized evidence from 31 population-based studies using Bayesian meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results: The majority of the studied were conducted in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. Controlling for exposure, type of incident and time since the event occurred, 7.3% [95% credible interval (CrI) 1.1-32.5%] of a population can be expected to report increased alcohol consumption in the first 2 years following a terrorist event. There is, however, a 20% probability that the prevalence will be as high as 14%. The unadjusted prevalence of increased cigarette smoking following a terrorist event is 6.8% (95% Cr I 2.6-16.5%). Unadjusted reports of mixed drug use (including narcotics and prescription medications) was 16.3% (95% Cr I 1.3-72.5%). Conclusions: These results underscore the potentially pervasive behavioral health effects of mass terrorism, and suggest that public health interventions may usefully consider substance use as an area of focus after such events. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 104
Issue Part 6
Page 894-904
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication June 2009
HEALTH AND SOCIAL <74>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009190948
Authors Blignault I. Bunde-Birouste A. Ritchie J. Silove D. Zwi A.B.
Institution
(Blignault, Bunde-Birouste, Ritchie, Zwi) School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
(Silove) School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Community perceptions of mental health needs: A qualitative study in the Solomon Islands.
Source
International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 3, 2009. Article Number: 6. Date of Publication: 13 Mar 2009.
Publisher
BioMed Central Ltd.
Abstract
Background: Psychosocial and mental health needs in the aftermath of conflict and disaster have attracted substantial attention. In the Solomon Islands, the conceptualisation of mental health, for several decades regarded by policy makers as primarily a health issue, has broadened and been incorporated into the national development and social policy agendas, reflecting recognition of the impact of conflict and rapid social change on the psychosocial wellbeing of the community as a whole. We sought to understand how mental health and psychosocial wellbeing were seen at the community level, the extent to which these issues were identified as being associated with periods of 'tension', violence and instability, and the availability of traditional approaches and Ministry of Health services to address these problems. Methods: This article reports the findings of qualitative research conducted in a rural district on the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Key informant interviews were conducted with community leaders, and focus groups were held with women, men and young people. Wellbeing was defined broadly. Results: Problems of common concern included excessive alcohol and marijuana use, interpersonal violence and abuse, teenage pregnancy, and lack of respect and cooperation. Troubled individuals and their families sought help for mental problems from various sources including chiefs, church leaders and traditional healers and, less often, trauma support workers, health clinic staff and police. Substance-related problems presented special challenges, as there were no traditional solutions at the individual or community level. Severe mental illness was also a challenge, with few aware that a community mental health service existed. Contrary to our expectations, conflict-related trauma was not identified as a major problem by the community who were more concerned about the economic and social sequelae of the conflict. Conclusion: Communities identify and are responding to a wide range of mental health challenges; the health system generally can do more to learn about how this is being done, and build more comprehensive services and policy on this foundation. The findings underscore the need to promote awareness of those services which are available, to extend mental health care beyond urban centres to rural villages where the majority of the population live, and to promote community input to policy so as to ensure that it 'fits' the context. copyright 2009 Blignault et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name International Journal of Mental Health Systems
Volume 3
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 13 Mar 2009
HEALTH AND SOCIAL <77>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009171370
Authors Kidorf M. King V.L. Neufeld K. Peirce J. Kolodner K. Brooner R.K.
Institution
(Kidorf) Addiction Treatment Services - BBRC, Johns Hopkins Bayview Campus, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
(Kidorf, King, Neufeld, Peirce, Kolodner, Brooner) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Improving substance abuse treatment enrollment in community syringe exchangers.
Source
Addiction. 104(5)(pp 786-795), 2009. Date of Publication: May 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aims The present study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention combining motivational enhancement and treatment readiness groups, with and without monetary incentives for attendance and treatment enrollment, on enhancing rates of substance abuse treatment entry among new registrants at the Baltimore Needle Exchange Program (BNEP). Design Opioid-dependent study participants (n = 281) referred by the BNEP were assigned randomly to one of three referral interventions: (i) eight individual motivational enhancement sessions and 16 treatment readiness group sessions (motivated referral condition - MRC); (ii) the MRC intervention with monetary incentives for attending sessions and enrolling in treatment - MRC+I); or (iii) a standard referral condition which directed participants back to the BNEP for referral (standard referral - SRC). Participants were followed for 4 months. Findings MRC+I participants were more likely to enroll in any type of treatment than MRC or SRC participants (52.1% versus 31.9% versus 35.5%; chi2 = 9.12, P = 0.01), and more likely to enroll in treatment including methadone than MRC or SRC participants (40.4% versus 20.2% versus 16.1%; chi2 = 16.65, P < 0.001). MRC+I participants also reported less heroin and injection use than MRC and SRC participants. Conclusions Syringe exchange sites can be effective platforms to motivate opioid users to enroll in substance abuse treatment and ultimately reduce drug use and number of drug injections. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 104
Issue Part 5
Page 786-795
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication May 2009
HEALTH AND SOCIAL <99>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009165310
Authors Halmi K.A.
Institution
(Halmi) Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, United States.
(Halmi) Weill Cornell Medical College, 21 Bloomingdale Rd., White Plains, NY 10605, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Perplexities and provocations of eating disorders.
Source
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 50(1-2)(pp 163-169), 2009. Date of Publication: January/February 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Background: Etiological hypotheses of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have not produced informative research for predictably effective treatment. Methods: The rationale for applying a model of allostasis, a dysregulation of reward circuits with activation of brain and hormonal stress responses to maintain apparent stability, is developed for eating disorders. Results: The neurotransmitter systems involved in the allostatic state of a reward system in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may be similar to those present in drug addiction. Conclusion: The biological vulnerabilities underlying the unique features of eating disorders should be intensively investigated with the advancing techniques in genetics and neuroimaging. Preventing chronicity with early diagnosis and adequate treatment before age 18 is necessary. copyright 2009 Association for child and Adolescent Mental Health.
ISSN 0021-9630
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
Volume 50
Issue Part 1-2
Page 163-169
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication January/February 2009
ALCOHOL AND INTERNET ADDICTION <108>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009144103
Authors Yen J.-Y. Ko C.-H. Yen C.-F. Chen C.-S. Chen C.-C.
Institution
(Yen, Ko, Yen, Chen, Chen) Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Yen) Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Yen, Ko) Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Yen, Ko, Yen, Chen) Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Yen, Chen, Chen) Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (Republic of China).
(Chen) Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan (Republic of China).