electronic supplementary material

Roadways and Infrastructure

Life cycle assessment of the construction of an unpaved road in an undisturbed tropical rainforest area in the vicinity of Manu National Park, Peru

Gustavo Larrea-Gallegos1 • Ian Vázquez-Rowe1,2 • Geoffrey Gallice3

Received: 2 May 2016 / Accepted: 2 November 2016

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Responsible editor: Omer Tatari

1Peruvian LCA Network, Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1801 AvenidaUniversitaria, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru

2Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain

3Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States

Gustavo Larrea-Gallegos

Contents:

Section S1 – List of the machinery used for road construction and maintenance.

Table S1 - List of machinery used for road construction and maintenance.

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Section S2 – Air emissions due to fuel combustion

Table S2. Air emissions linked to diesel combustion for heavy duty vehicles (HDV). EURO 3 standard emissions were assumed, as well as Tier 1 methodology (EMEP/EEA, 2013).

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Table S3.Air emissions linked to diesel combustion for pick up passenger cars. EURO 3 standard emissions were assumed, as well as Tier 2 methodology (EMEP/EEA, 2013).

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Table S4.Air emissions linked to diesel combustion for pick up passenger cars. EURO 4 standard emissions were assumed, as well as Tier 2 methodology (EMEP/EEA, 2013).

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References

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Section S1 – List of the machinery used for road construction and maintenance

Table S1. List of machinery used for road construction and maintenance.

Type of machinery
324-DL exacvator (16 metric tons)
Volvo FMX truck (15 cubic meteres)
Fiatallis FG70 motor grader
D6N XL Caterpillar track (16 metric tons)
Passenger pick up truck
Front-end loader (3 cubic yards)

Section S2 – Air emissions due to fuel combustion

Table S2. Air emissions linked to diesel combustion for heavy duty vehicles (HDV). EURO 3 standard emissions were assumed, as well as Tier 1 methodology (EMEP/EEA, 2013). Data reported per kg of diesel.

Emissions to air / Value / Unit / Observations
Carbon monoxide / 5.73 / g
NMVOC, unspecified origin / 1.33 / g
Nitrogen oxides / 28.34 / g
Particulates / 0.61 / g
Dinitrogen monoxide / 0.03 / g
Ammonia / 0.01 / g
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene / 8.60 / µg
Benzo(k)fluoranthene / 37.20 / µg
Benzo(b)fluoranthene / 0.00 / µg
Benzo(a)pyrene / 0.00 / µg
Lead / 0.00 / µg
Carbon dioxide / 3.14 / kg / Diesel combustion
Carbon dioxide / 1.99 / g / Combustion of lubricant oil
Sulfur dioxide / 10.00 / g
Methane / 380.95 / mg / Assuming 210 grams of diesel per km
Benzo(g,h,i)fluoranthene / 3.67 / µg
Fluoranthene / 101.86 / µg
Pyrene / 150.43 / µg
Benzo(e)pyrene / 9.71 / µg
Benzo(a)anthracene / 11.38 / µg
Fluorene / 190.43 / µg
Chrysene / 77.33 / µg
Phenanthrene / 109.52 / µg
Naphthalene / 269.81 / µg
Anthracene / 41.19 / µg
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene / 1.62 / µg
Polychlorinated biphenyls / 60.00 / pg
Arsenic / 0.10 / µg
Cadmium / 8.70 / µg
Chromium / 30.00 / µg
Copper / 21.20 / µg
Mercury / 5.30 / µg
Nickel / 8.80 / µg
Selenium / 0.10 / µg
Zinc / 1738.00 / µg
Benzo(a)pyrene / 4.29 / µg
Perylene / 0.95 / µg

Table S3.Air emissions linked to diesel combustion for pick up passenger cars. EURO 3 standard emissions were assumed, as well as Tier 2 methodology (EMEP/EEA, 2013). Data reported per kilometer.

Emissions to air / Value / Unit / Observations
Carbon monoxide / 5.05 / g
NMVOC, unspecified origin / 0.19 / g
Nitrogen oxides / 0.13 / g
Dinitrogen monoxide / 0.03 / g
Ammonia / 0.03 / g
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene / 0.39 / µg
Benzo(k)fluoranthene / 0.26 / µg
Benzo(b)fluoranthene / 0.36 / µg
Benzo(a)pyrene / 0.32 / µg
Lead / 3.31 / µg
Carbon dioxide / 0.22 / kg / Gasoline combustion for 70 grams
Carbon dioxide / 0.46 / g / Combustion of lubricant oil
Sulfur dioxide / 0.14 / g / Gasoline combustion for 70 grams
Particulates, < 2.5 um / 0.001 / g
Benzo(g,h,i)fluoranthene / 0.00 / µg
Fluoranthene / 2.80 / µg
Pyrene / 1.80 / µg
Perylene / 0.11 / µg
Benzo(e)pyrene / 0.27 / µg
Benzo(a)anthracene / 0.05 / µg
Fluorene / 0.00 / µg
Chrysene / 0.53 / µg
Phenanthrene / 4.68 / µg
Naphthalene / 610.2 / µg
Anthracene / 0.80 / µg
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene / 0.05 / µg
Polychlorinated biphenyls / 0.03 / pg
Arsenic / 0.02 / µg
Cadmium / 0.76 / µg
Chromium / 1.12 / µg
Copper / 2.94 / µg
Mercury / 0.61 / µg
Nickel / 0.91 / µg
Selenium / 0.01 / µg
Zinc / 151.4 / µg
Methane / 2 / mg

Table S4.Air emissions linked to diesel combustion for pick up passenger cars. EURO 4 standard emissions were assumed, as well as Tier 2 methodology (EMEP/EEA, 2013). Data reported per kilometer.

Emissions to air / Value / Unit / Observations
Carbon monoxide / 2.01 / g
NMVOC, unspecified origin / 0.13 / g
Nitrogen oxides / 0.06 / g
Dinitrogen monoxide / 0.01 / g
Ammonia / 0.03 / g
Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene / 0.39 / µg
Benzo(k)fluoranthene / 0.26 / µg
Benzo(b)fluoranthene / 0.36 / µg
Benzo(a)pyrene / 0.32 / µg
Lead / 3.31 / µg
Carbon dioxide / 0.22 / kg / Gasoline combustion for 70 grams (70g per km for Euro1 and later)
Carbon dioxide / 0.40 / g / Combustion of lubricant oil
Sulfur dioxide / 0.14 / g / Gasoline combustion for 70 grams using 1000 ppm of SO2 (Petroperú, 2016a, b)
Particulates, < 2.5 um / 1.10 / mg
Benzo(g,h,i)fluoranthene / 0.00 / µg
Fluoranthene / 2.80 / µg
Pyrene / 1.80 / µg
Perylene / 0.11 / µg
Benzo(e)pyrene / 0.27 / µg
Benzo(a)anthracene / 0.05 / µg
Fluorene / 0.00 / µg
Chrysene / 0.53 / µg
Phenanthrene / 4.68 / µg
Naphthalene / 610.19 / µg
Anthracene / 0.80 / µg
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene / 0.05 / µg
Polychlorinated biphenyls / 0.03 / pg
Arsenic / 0.02 / µg
Cadmium / 0.76 / µg
Chromium / 1.12 / µg
Copper / 2.94 / µg
Mercury / 0.61 / µg
Nickel / 0.91 / µg
Selenium / 0.01 / µg
Zinc / 151.41 / µg
Methane / 2.00 / mg

References

EMEP-Corinair(2014)EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook 2013 update Sept 2014ERF, 2015.Yearbook 2014-2015. European Union Road Federation. Available from: access: January 25th 2016)

PetroPerú (2016a) Especificaciones técnicas Diésel B5. Retrieved from: Last accessed: March 31st 2016 (in Spanish)

PetroPerú(2016b)EspecificacionestécnicasGasolina Sin Plomo G90.Retrieved from: Last accessed: March 31st 2016 (in Spanish)

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