dating / Absolute dating / Degree of glume base fragmentat. / Analogy based on glumebase morphology / Country / Represented archaeological epoch
189/1 / - Pit (44/46, Fig 4.a)
- rounded base, flat bottom, slightly beehive-shaped in transect
- daub, charcoal mixed with infilling material
- d = 144 cm in diameter
- relative depth: 76 cm / Late Neolithic/Late Copper Age (Baden culture) / Fragmented / Bieniek (2002) / Poland / Early Neolithic/Lengyel culture
4400–4000 cal B.C.
189/2 / Extremly fragm. / Ulas and Fiorentino (2010) / Turkey / Neolithic
7200–5800 cal B.C.
304 / - Pit complex (32/32, Fig 4.b)
- oval base
- two distinctive layers:
Lower: light brown mixed up with sand (parent material); Upper: clayey and compacted
- a bigger assemblage of daub and ceramic remains in the southwestern corner encircled by charcoal-rich material
- size: 590 cm x 2,390 cm, relative depth: 120 cm / Extremly fragm. / Jones et al. (2000) / Greece / Makriyilaos: late 6th mill. B.C.
Makri: middle of 6th mill. B.C.
Arkadikos: late 6th–4th mill. B.C.
/ Hungary / Late Neolithic
4970–4380 cal B.C.
528 / - Well (40/40, Fig 4.c)
- relative depth: 210 cm / Extremly fragm. / Jones et al. (2000) / Greece / Makriyilaos: late 6th mill. B.C.
Makri: middle of 6th mill. B.C.
Arkadikos: late 6th–4th mill. B.C.
Kreuz et al. (2005) / Bulgaria / Early Neolithic
1290/1 / - (ritual?) Pit (60/227, Fig 4.d)
- under a kiln
- skeleton of a sub-adult cow lay in the oval pit
- d =170 cm
- relative depth: 110 cm / 3338–3264 cal B.C.
(1σ-range)
3362–3082 cal B.C.
(2σ-range)
(Poz-45190) / Extremly fragm. / Bieniek (2002) / Poland / Early Neolithic/Lengyel culture
4400–4000 cal B.C.
1290/2 / Whole/intact / Ulas and Fiorentino (2010) / Turkey / Neolithic
7200–5800 cal B.C.
1233/1 / - Pit (55/184, Fig 4.e)
- beehive-shaped feature with flat bottom
- a broken jar lay in the northern section of the pit
- d = 134 cm
-relative depth: 110 cm / - / Whole/intact / Bieniek (2002) / Poland / Early Neolithic/Lengyel culture
4400–4000 cal B.C.
Bogaard et al. (2007) / Hungary / late 7th to middle 6th millenium
1233/2 / Extremly fragm. / Kreuz et al. (2005) / Bulgaria, Greece / Early Neolithic
1233/3 / Extremly fragm. / Bieniek (2002) / Poland / Early Neolithic/Lengyel culture
4400–4000 cal B.C.
see Fig 7 for line drawings of the remains of the samples
References
Bieniek A (2002) Archaeobotanical analysis of some early Neolithic settlements in the Kujawy region, central Poland, with potential plant gathering activities emphasized. In: Jacomet S, Jones G, Charles M, Bittmann F (eds) Archaeology of plants. Current research in archaeobotany. Veget Hist Archaeobot 11:33-40
Bogaard A, Bending J, Jones G (2007) Archaeobotanical evidece for plant husbandry and use. In: Whittle A, (ed) The Early Neolithic on the Great Hungarian Plain. Investigations of the Körös culture site of Ecsegfalva 23, CountyBékés. Varia Archaeologica Hungarica 21:421-445
Jones G, Valamoti S, Charles M (2000) Early crop diversity: a “new” glume wheat from northern Greece. Veget Hist Archaeobot 9:133-146
Kreuz A, Marinova E, Schäfer E, Wiethold J (2005) A comparison of early Neolithic crop and weed assemblages from the Linearbandkeramik and the Bulgarian Neolithic cultures: differences and similarities. Veget Hist Archaeobot 14:237-258
Ulas B, Fiorentino G (2010) Recent identification of a new glume wheat type: a biometrical and morphological study of spikelet forks from the neolithic levels in Mersin-Yumuktepe (Turkey). In: Bittmann F (ed) 15th International Conference of the International Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany. Terra Nostra 2010/2: 183. [accessed on 31.05.2012]