Goal: To discuss and recognize the medical condition of hepatitis
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to note the definition, epidemiology and classification of hepatitis.
- The student shall be able to discuss the pathology, risk factors, history, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management associated with alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- The student shall be able to describe and distinguish among all the viral hepatitides (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E), and understand the routes of transmission, time course of infection, markers of infectivity, diagnostic tests, history, clinical presentation, extrahepatic manifestations, prognosis, and management options for each.
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
12/06
Goal: To discuss and recognize the medical conditions of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to understand the epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers.
- The student shall be able to distinguish the history and physical findings for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers.
- The student shall be able to list the predisposing factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers.
- The student shall be able to recognize additional testing or imaging necessary for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers.
- The student shall understand the basic treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers.
Resources:
Attachments:
Goal: To discuss and recognize the infections of the gall bladder, stomach, and small and large intestines
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able understand the epidemiology of various infections of the gall bladder, stomach, and small and large intestines in both adults and children.
- The student shall be able to distinguish the history and physical findings for various infections of the gall bladder, stomach, and small and large intestines.
- The student shall be able to describe in general terms the laboratory and radiological workup for infections of the gall bladder, stomach, and small and large intestines
- The student shall be able to apply and interpret a medical workup for diarrhea in a patient.
- The student shall understand the basic general principles of treatments for various infections of the gall bladder, stomach, and small and large intestines.
Resources:
Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking; 9th Edition; Bickley, Lynn S.;
Attachments:
Goal: To understand how to assess the jaundiced patient, with attention to history, physical exam and diagnostic tools.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to describe normal bilirubin metabolism and physiologic consequences associated with it.
- The student shall be able to understand the clinical classification of jaundice as unconjugated or conjugated, and discuss the various etiologies associated with each.
- The student shall be able to explain all the factors necessary in evaluating the jaundiced patient, with attention to obtaining important history from the patient, looking for specific clinical signs on exam, and ordering the appropriate diagnostic laboratory tests and imaging studies.
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
Goal: To understand the clinical presentation of malabsorption, as well as the various causes and consequences of malabsorption.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to describe common symptoms associated with malabsorption, and understand various consequences that results from malabsorption (with respect to deficiencies in minerals, vitamins, essential fatty acids, protein, and calories).
- The student shall be able to understand various etiologies of malabsorption (surgery, pancreatic enzyme deficiency, IBD, small intestinal mucosal defects, etc).
- The student shall be able to discuss the symptoms and treatment of carbohydrate malabsorption, protein and amino acid malabsorption, fat malabsorption, inflammatory and infiltrative disorders; and be familiar with the various names of conditions which fall under these categories of malabsorption.
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
Goal: To discuss and recognize medical conditions of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to understand the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
- The student shall be able to distinguish the history and physical findings for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
- The student shall be able to list the predisposing factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
- The student shall be able to recognize additional testing or imaging necessary for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
- The student shall understand the basic treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage.
Resources:
Attachments:
Goal: To understand the disorders of calcium metabolism and their clinical manifestations.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to describe parathyroid anatomy and the physiology of calcium homeostasis.
- The student shall be able to describe how parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Vitamin D maintain the serum ionized calcium concentration.
- The student shall be able to describe the clinical pathophysiology of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
- The student shall be able to list causes of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia and discuss their mechanisms.
- The student shall be able to discuss the clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia.
- The student shall be able to distinguish osteoporosis, osteomalacia (rickets), and Paget’s disease of bone.
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
Goal: To understand the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, potential complications, and treatment options associated with dyslipidemia.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to understand the metabolism of cholesterol, fatty acids, and lipoproteins as well as dietary sources of each.
- The student shall be able to appreciate the clinical manifestations of hypercholesterolemia, the classification of dyslipidemia, and the differential diagnosis of dyslipidemia. .
- The student shall be familiar with genetic factors associated with hypercholesterolemia, including Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Familial Defective Apo B-100.
- The student shall be able to describe the complications associated with hypercholesterolemia, especially atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
- The student shall be able to describe classes of lipid lowering drugs, their mechanism of action, side effects, indications, and contraindications.
- The student shall be able to appreciate the LDL, cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride targets for patients with and without known heart disease.
- The student shall be able to describe Diabetic Dyslipidemia and understand its pathophysiology.
- The student shall be able to discuss non-pharmacologic interventions that may be useful in preventing and treating dyslipidemia (including diet recommendations, exercise, and other life style changes).
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
Goal: To understand the pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, complications and treatment for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to understand the epidemiology, genetics and serological markers of Type I DM.
- The student shall be able to describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, associated complications, diagnostic criteria, and management of Type I DM.
- The student shall be able to understand physiologic insulin secretion, differentiate among various insulin preparations, and recognize common insulin regimens with an understanding of how to achieve the goal of glycemic control.
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
Goal: To understand the risk factors, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical complications, and treatment options for Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to describe the risk factors, epidemiology and ADA diagnostic criteria for Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
- The student shall be able to understand the pathophysiology of Type II DM,
- The student shall be able to describe the clinical manifestations of the disease, complications which may affect various organs, and how tight glucose control may limit the progression of these complications.
- The student shall be able to discuss the various treatment options for Type II DM, and understand the mechanisms of action, side effects and contraindications for each.
- The student shall be able to appreciate Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome as a sequelae of Type II DM, and understand its risk factors, pathophysiology, and management.
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
Goal: To understand the mechanism of action and the metabolic effects of sex steroids, glucucorticoids and mineralocorticoids and to understand the clinical effects of excess or deficiency in these hormones.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able describe the mechanism of action and the metabolic effects of sex steroids, glucucorticoids and mineralocorticoids and predict the clinical effects (signs and symptoms) when these hormones are present in excess or when they are deficient.
- The student shall be able to outline the negative feedback mechanism for testosterone and estradiol and the normal differentiation of the genitalia in fetal life. Describe the clinical consequences of an excess or of a deficiency of testosterone effect in fetal life.
- The student shall be able to recall the steps in synthesis of the adrenal cortical steroid, then predict how a deficiency of an enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway might manifest clinically both during fetal life and after birth.
- The student shall be able to outline the negative feedback mechanism for cortisol and the pathology that causes diseases of glucocorticoid excess and deficiency. (Discuss Cushing’s syndrome, adrenocortical insufficiency, etc).
- The student shall be able to outline the negative feedback mechanism for aldosterone and demonstrate understanding by describing responses of serum rennin and aldosterone to the administration of sodium and to the depletion of sodium; and describe the differences between primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism.
- The student shall be able to describe common pathologies that result in hyperaldosteronism and how these can be differentiated (adenoma vs. hyperplasia).
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
Goal: To understand the feedback loops associated with the pituitary gland, and understand the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for both deficiencies and excesses of hormonal production and/or secretion.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to understand the anatomy of the pituitary gland and normal pituitary physiology.
- The student shall be able to list all of the hormones secreted by both the anterior and posterior pituitary gland and understand the feedback mechanism associated with each hormone.
- The student shall be able to describe the various etiologies of hypopituitarism and understand the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, potential complications, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for various hormone deficiencies (growth hormone, gonadotropin, thyrotropin, ACTH, etc).
- The student shall be able to describe various etiologies of hyperpituitarism and understand the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, potential complications, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for various hormone excesses (hyperproloctinemia, acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, thyrotopinoma, etc.).
- The student shall be able to evaluate a functioning and non-functioning pituitary adenoma and describe complications due to stalk compression and management options.
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
12/06
Goal: To understand the epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for both functional and structural disorders of the thyroid gland.
Lecture Objectives:
- The student shall be able to understand normal thyroid physiology and how to evaluate thyroid function as well as understand thyroid function in disease and in pregnancy.
- The student shall be able to understand the etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, complications, and treatment options associated with various functional thyroid disorders (including Graves’ disease, toxic adenoma, toxic multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, etc).
- The student shall be able to describe how to evaluate a thyroid nodule, be familiar with the factors which aid in determining prognosis, and know the characteristics associated with common structural disorders of the thyroid gland (simple v. multinodular goiters, nodules, cancer etc)
- The student shall be describe the four main types of thyroid cancer, know the epidemiology and characteristics of each and the recommended therapy for each (papillary, follicular, anaplastic, medullary).
- The student shall be able to describe causes of, characteristics of and therapy to be used in thyroid emergencies (thyroid storm and myxedema coma).
Resources:
Attachments:
PowerPoint Slides for Lecture
12/06
6/07 RTW