Supporting Information

Fungicides transport in runoff from vineyard plot and catchment:

contribution of non-target areas

Marie Lefrancq1, Sylvain Payraudeau1*, Antonio Joaquín García Verdú1, Elodie Maillard1, Maurice Millet2, and Gwenaël Imfeld1

1 Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), University of Strasbourg/ENGEES, UMR 7517 CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg, France

2 Atmospheric Physical Chemistry Group (ICPEES), University of Strasbourg, UMR 7515 CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg, France

*Corresponding author:

Sylvain Payraudeau

Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS)

University of Strasbourg/ENGEES, UMR 7517 CNRS, 1, rue Blessig, 67 084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France

Tel: + 333 6885 0407, Fax: + 333 8824 8284, E-mail:

Manuscript for Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Table S1. Commercial products composition (Stroby DF © and Mildicut ©).

Mildicut / Stroby DF
Cyazofamid / 2.03% / Kresoxim-methyl / 50%
Disodium-phosphonate / < 25% / Lignosulfonic acid,
Sodium salt / < 40%
Naphthalenesulfonic acid, methyl-, polymer with formaldehyde, sodium salt / < 5% / Ammonium sulfate / < 20%
Unknown other components / Not provided / Sodium sulfate / < 10%

Table S2a. Application dose and frequency of all the synthetic active substances applied in the catchment during the wine growing season of 2011 (substances representing 2% of the total pesticide mass applied). Values for the catchment are provided as mean of plots values±standard deviation according to the plots. The substances marked in grey were used on the study plot.

Substances / Plot numbera / Catchment surface [%]b / ADc [g ha-1] / AD study plotd [g ha-1] / ANe [-] / ANstudy plotf[-] / Mass [%]g
Boscalid / 1 / 2.2 / 625 ± 0 / - / 1 / - / 0.30
Cyazofamid / 33 / 48.8 / 90.4 ± 8.2 / 87.5 / 1 / 1 / 1.03
Cymoxanil / 50 / 73.8 / 109.3 ± 13.6 / 110.4 / 2.2 / 2 / 3.86
Cyprodinil / 4 / 4.3 / 375 ± 0 / 375 / 1 / 1 / 0.36
Difenoconazole / 41 / 59.5 / 26.4 ± 2.3 / 25 / 1 / 1 / 0.36
Dimethomorph / 8 / 14.4 / 225.8 ± 0.5 / - / 1 / - / 0.73
Disodium phosphonate / 33 / 48.8 / 904.4 ± 81.8 / 875 / 1 / 1 / 10.30
Fenoxycarb / 13 / 21.4 / 75 ± 0 / - / 1 / - / 0.36
Fludioxonil / 4 / 4.3 / 250 ± 0 / 250 / 1 / 1 / 0.24
Folpel / 48 / 69.2 / 524.5 ± 336.9 / 296.4 / 2 / 2 / 14.27
Fosetyl-aluminium / 34 / 48.6 / 1462.2 ± 281.4 / 1318.8 / 1.1 / 1 / 16.31
Glufosinate-ammonium / 2 / 6.2 / 525 ± 0 / - / 1 / - / 0.24
Glyphosate / 49 / 67.9 / 673.7 ± 238.5 / 540 / 1.9 / 2 / 6.21
Kresoxim-methyl / 32 / 46.6 / 81.3 ± 4.9 / 80 / 1 / 1 / 0.84
Synthetic latex / 30 / 45.4 / 72 ± 0 / 72 / 1 / 1 / 0.73
Mancozeb / 45 / 65.7 / 602.1 ± 407.7 / 378 / 1.1 / 1 / 8.20
Mefenoxam / 30 / 45.4 / 45.1 ± 0 / 45 / 1 / 1 / 0.46
Metirame-zinc / 40 / 60.8 / 1171.9 ± 317 / 1198 / 1.9 / 2 / 29.86
Metrafenone / 34 / 48.6 / 91.2 ± 3.3 / 90 / 1 / 1 / 0.99
Oryzalin / 6 / 5.3 / 2240 ± 655.8 / - / 1 / - / 0.87
Oxyfluorfen / 6 / 7.3 / 593.7 ± 283 / - / 1 / - / 0.28
Propyzamide / 6 / 7.3 / 463.7 ± 221 / - / 1 / - / 0.22
Pyraclostrobin / 13 / 23 / 93.8 ± 15 / - / 1 / - / 0.50
Pyrimethanil / 5 / 3.2 / 1000 ± 0 / - / 1 / - / 0.72
Spiroxamine / 8 / 10.6 / 300 ± 0 / - / 1 / - / 0.71

a Number of plots where the substances is applied at least one time.

b Percentage of the catchment surface where the substance is applied at least one time.

c Application dose for the applied plots.

d Application dose for the study plot.

e Application number for the applied plots.

f Application number for the study plot.

g Percentage of total synthetic pesticide mass applied in the catchment.

Table S2b. Number of applications and pesticides use in the catchment during the 2011 wine growing season. Values for the catchment are provided as mean of plots values ± standard deviation.

Number of applications
per plot / Number of active substances used
per plot
Catchment plots / 21 ± 5 / 14 ± 4
Study plot / 24 / 19

Table S3. Methods and standards for pedological analysis.

Variables / Methods in brief / Norms and/or procedure
Soil water content / Drying sample in an oven set at 110°C / NF ISO 11465
pH / With KCl at 0.1 mol L-1 / NF ISO 10390
Organic matter / Loss by ignition at 375°C during 16 h / See Ertlen et al. (2010)
Granulometry / Laser / See Ertlen et al. (2010)
Elementary composition / ICP-AES after lithium metaborate fusion / see Chabaux et al. (2013)

Table S4. Hydrochemical comparison of runoff water outflowing from the plot and the catchment using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.

Parameters / p-value1
Total Organic Carbon / n.s
Dissolved Organic Carbon / n.s
Total Inorganic Carbon / n.s
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon / n.s
pH / **
Na / ***
K / ***
Mg / **
Ca / n.s
Al / ***
Mn / n.s
Fe (II) / *
Fe (Total) / *
Cu / ***
Cl- / *
SO42- / n.s
Si / ***
NO2- / n.s
NO3- / **
NH4+ / ***
PO43- / **

1 n.s. = not significant (p ≥ 0.05); * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001

Figure S1. 3D orthophotography (A) and topography and water pathways (B) which drained at least 0.5 ha of the vineyard catchment.

References

Chabaux F, Blaes E, Stille P, Roupert RD, Pelt E, Dosseto A, Ma L, Buss HL, Brantley SL (2013) Regolith formation rate from U-series nuclides: Implications from the study of a spheroidal weathering profile in the Rio Icacos watershed (Puerto Rico). Geochim Cosmochim Acta 100: 73-95

Ertlen D, Schwartz D, Trautmann M, Webster R, Brunet D (2010) Discriminating between organic matter in soil from grass and forest by near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Soil Sci 61: 207-216

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