1
PATHOLOGY
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States of America?
Myocardial Infarction
Which of the following is characterized by incomplete expansion of the lungs or collapse of previously inflated lungs?
Atelectasis
Which of the following involves separation of the diaphragmatic crura & widening of the space between the muscular crura & the esophageal wall?
Hiatal Hernia
Which of the following is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by accumulation of toxic levels of copper in many tissue & organs, mostly in the liver, brain, & the eye?
Wilson’s Disease
Which of the following is a cancer of the connective tissue that usually spreads via the blood stream?
Sarcoma
Which of the following is a cancer of the epithelial tissue that usually spreads via the lymphatic system?
Carcinoma
Which of the following cells is produced predominately by an inflammatory response to Salmonella?
Neutrophil
What organism is the most common opportunist to infect AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis carni
Which of the following presents with a positive HLA-B-27 & increased risk of deformity?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Toxic Megacolon is a complication of which of the following?
Ulcerative Colitis
Skip lesions are a characteristic of which of the following?
Krohn’s Disease
Aschoff bodies are characteristic of which of the following?
Rheumatic Fever
Pseudohypertrophy is most common in which of the following muscle disorders?
Duchanne’s Dystrophy
The most threatening effect of Guillian Barre is on which of the following muscles?
Respiratory
Dry eyes & mouth are symptoms of which of the following autoimmune diseases?
Sjogen’s Syndrome
Vascular tumors originate in which cell type?
Endothelial
Sequestra frequently accompany which of the following?
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
What is the primary mechanism of inflammatory edema?
Increased Permeability of the Capillary Wall
The most common sites for cardiac valvular vegetations are which of the following valves?
Aortic & Mitral Valves
Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which organ?
Lung
Who is considered the father of pathology?
Pasteur
What characteristic is least suggestive of malignancy in a growing tumor?
Fibrous Capsule (usually benign)
Which of the following secrete both heparin & histamine?
Mast Cells
Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize where?
Skeletal Muscle
Which of the following affects both salivary & lacrimal ducts?
Sjogen’s
Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?
Aortic Valve
Which leukemia has the Philadelphia Chromosome?
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Which of the following leads to decreased bone density?
Osteoporosis
A female with gonorrhea may pass it via delivery by which of the following?
Opthalmia Neonatorum
Which of the following has the best prognosis?
Astrocytoma
Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestines?
Adenosarcoma
Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?
Mitral Valve
Which of the following is characteristic of a neoplasm?
It Cannot Return To Normal
Where are neoplasms most commonly formed?
Epithelium
Multiple myofibromas & café au-lait spots are associated with which of the following?
Von Recklinghausen’s
Which part of the spinal cord is most affected by myotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Anterior Horn
Which of the following are findings in a patient with tetralogy of fallot?
Pulmonary Stenosis & Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
What describes thrombophlebitis?
Venous Inflammation & Thrombus
What describes right side heart failure?
Distention of Neck Veins, Dependant Edema, Liver Enlargement
Systemic fibrosis is seen in which of the following?
Scleroderma
What organism is most responsible for pneumonia in AIDS patients?
Pneumocystic Carni
Which of the following immunoglobulins are associated with a Type II response?
IgG & IgM
Which of the following is a common cause of right side heart failure?
Left Side Heart Failure
Pernicious anemia is due to a lack of which of the following?
Intrinsic Factor
Which of the following disorders affects myoneural junction?
Myasthenia Gravis
Which arteries are involved in giant cell arteritis?
Temporal
T-helper cells are seen in which types of immunity?
Type IV
Presenile dementia is seen in which of the following?
Alzheimer’s Disease
A female with gonorrhea may pass it to the child when?
During Delivery
Which Leukemia is involved with the Philadelphia Chromosome?
CML
A person with Galactosemia should avoid which of the following?
Lactose (milk)
Pernicious anemia & lack of Vitamin B12 results in ______.
Spinal Cord Degeneration
Which of the following causes pitting edema?
Congestive Heart Failure
What causes edema of flanks & fatty changes in the liver?
Alcoholism
Which of the following cause a cyanotic condition?
Dextroposition of the Aorta
The Philadelphia Chromosome is a risk factor for which Leukemia?
Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?
Sequestrium
What are patients with asbestosis predisposed to?
Mesothelioma
A periosteal reaction described radiologically as a sunburst reaction is most common in which of the following?
Osteosarcoma
Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei?
Progressive Bulbar Palsy
Circulatory levels of which of the following increase during an acute inflammatory response?
Neutrophil
Which disease presents with chronic rheumatoid arthritis & splenomegally?
Felty’s Syndrome
What is an a.k.a. for Marie Strumpell’s Disease?
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia & results in resting tremors?
Parkinson’s Disease
Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin B12
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for an infant who develops projectile vomiting in the 1st 3 weeks of life?
Pyloric Stenosis
What is the most common benign tumor of the spine?
Hemangioma
What causes hoarseness associated with a carcinoma in the apex of the lung?
Laryngeal Nerve Damage
Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue injury?
Histamine
What happens to a cell as a result of thyroid goiter?
Hyperplasia
Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is the most common in patients under 40?
Graves Disease
What are the 4 steps associated with thrombus?
1. Dissolving
2. Recanalization
3. Obstruction
4. Embolism
Which of the following does a lesion that has casious necrosis in the center surrounded by endothelial macrophages characterize?
TB
The release of histamine into the skin following cutaneous trauma causes which of the following?
Vasodialation of Arterioles (redness)
Which of the following occurs in a Keloid?
Hypertrophic Enlargement of Scar Tissue
Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm?
Lipoma
Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What would a deficiency of Vitamin C most often affect?
Connective Tissue
Chronic alcoholism, which leads to Wernecke-Korsakoff Syndrome, causes what type of vitamin deficiency?
B1
Which of the following is a characteristic of Lyme’s Disease?
Bulls Eye Rash
Which of the following is associated with Kleinfelter’s Syndrome?
XXY Chromosome Abnormality
Which of the following is the most common degenerative disease of the joints?
Osteoarthritis (a.k.a. DJD)
Which of the following is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Pannus Formation
Which of the following is responsible for post-infectious glomulonephritis?
Beta-Hemolytic Strep
Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve?
Pregnant Females
What is the definition of cardiac temponade?
Fluid in the Pericardial Space
Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency disease?
Bruton’s
Which of the following results from hyperparthyroidism?
Osteopenia
What type of collagen can be found @ the end of wound healing?
Type I
What type of collagen is found 1st (earliest) in a wound?
Type III
What type of collagen is located in the basement membrane?
Type IV
A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia?
Magnesium
A patient with a yolk cell tumor of the testes likely has an elevation in which of the following blood serum levels?
Alpha-fetoprotein
Tensile strength is the proteinaceous deposition of ______in a healing wound.
Collagen
A cancer that has not invaded the basement membrane or the tissue of origin is called ______.
Carcinoma In Situ
Thrombosis & embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Which of the following diseases produces symptoms due primarily to demyelinization of peripheral motor nerve axons?
Post-Infectious Polyradiculitis
Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tone & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities, weakening of respiratory muscles are characteristic of which of the following deficiencies?
Calcium
Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs?
Lung
Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration to which of the following arteries?
Middle Meningeal
Synovial thickening & secondary inflammation with edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following conditions?
Gouty Arthritis
Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
Which of the following causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?
Lymphatic Obstruction
Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?
Distal Interphalangeal
What is the most common cause of Cirrhosis of the Liver?
Chronic Alcoholism
What is the most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurisms in the elderly?
Atherosclerosis
What is the 1st sign of artherosclerosis?
Fatty Streaks
Which of the following causes lobar pneumonia?
Streptococcus
What is the mechanism that allows the Herpes Virus to stay in the body after the original infection?
Sequestering of the Virus Genome in the Sensory Neuron
Where does a pulmonary embolus most commonly originate?
The Lower Extremities
Where can the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed?
Ocular Muscles
Pitting edema is typically cause by what?
Congestive Heart Failure
What condition is probably present when the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated?
Prostatic Carcinoma
Which of the following would cause the prostate to feel boggy upon palpation?
Prostatitis
What exudative lesion is caused by mycobacterial tuberculosis & contains casious necrosis?
Ghon Lesions
Which disease is Brodie’s Abscess associated with?
Osteomyelitis
Which disease is associated with TB of the spine?
Pott’s Disease
What is another name for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Still’s Disease
Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear ______.
Condensation
Which of the following is a vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities?
Raynaud’s Disease
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Horner’s Syndrome?
Dyspnea
What would a hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain likely result in?
Coma
What is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitus?
Arthus Phenomenon
Which of the following is associated with subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments & cystic medial necrosis of the aorta?
Marfan’s Syndrome
In most types of allergic reactions which of the following mediates the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability?
Histamine
Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?
Coagulative
What causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?
Lymphatic Obstruction
Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?
Interphalangeal Joints
Which of the following may lead to Megaloblastic Anemia?
Atrophic Gastric Mucosa
Antibodies against double stranded DNA are most characteristic of which of the following?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins most commonly cause autoimmune disease?
IgG & IgM
What will a protein deficient diet produce?
Kwashiorkor
Dermatitis, dementia & diarrhea are characteristic of which of the following?
Niacin (B3) Deficiency
Which of the following causes beri beri?
Thiamine (B1) Deficiency
Delayed healing of wounds & rapid mobilization of Vitamin A in the liver may be due to what type of deficiency?
Zinc
Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis is called ______.
Legg Calve Perthe's
Which of the following is most likely to accompany Otto’s Pelvis?
Osteomalacia
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of Osteoid Osteoma?
Pain that is most severe at night & is relieved by aspirin
What are bone spurs & lipping of vertebral bodies characteristic of?
DJD
What is the most common fracture of the wrist?
Collie’s Fracture
A common source of lytic metastasis to bone in females is the ______.
Lungs (lungs are always lytic)
Which of the following is most likely to develop into ankylosis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Which of the following is the primary site of pathology in Osteoarthritis?
Articular Cartilage
Which of the following causes excessive release of Ach?
Tetanus
Which of the following is the most common benign tumor in the adult?
Astrocytoma
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is due to which of the following?
B12 Deficiency
Which of the following syndromes is a form of polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire gastrointestinal tract?
Peutz Jegher’s Disease
Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs in approximately 1/3 of the patients with which of the following conditions?
AIDS
Which of the following represents Type II hypersensitivity?
Erythroblastosis?
Good Pasture Syndrome
X linked gammaglobulinemia of Bruton is characterized by which of the following?
B-cell deficiency
Which of the following develops from an IgE mediated immune reaction?
Panacinar Emphysema
Neonatal hyaline membrane disease is due to which of the following?
Absence of Surfactant
Which of the following is a genetic defect that causes multiple neuromas?
Von Recklinhausen’s Disease
The primary biochemical requirement for the diagnosis of Gout is which of the following?
Uric Acid Levels In The Blood
What is Podagra?
Gout of the big toe
A fine lateral webbing of the neck would indicate which of the following?
Turner’s Syndrome
Which of the following reactions is an example of Type III hypersensitivity?
Arthus
Episodes of temporary blindness & weakness of the dorsiflexors is a characteristic of which of the following?
Multiple Sclerosis
Which of the following has the greatest potential of degenerating the dorsal columns of the spinal cord?
Tertiary Syphilis
Which is a poly neuropathy that follows a viral infection?
Giullian Barre
Coagulation necrosis results from which of the following?
Ischemia
Which of the following characterizes Amylordosis?
Interstitial Glycogen Deposits
Which of the following is a reversible cell change?