ESS Semester 1 Review for Exam

ESS Semester 1 Review for Exam

ESS Semester 1 Review for exam

This review sheet is in addition to the 2 cross word puzzles you received in class. The crossword puzzles cover more of the definition and matching type questions on the exam. You should know all the words in the puzzle and be able to identify the definition (hint, hint)

This sheet covers concepts that are not used in the puzzle. Many of these could be excellent short answer/essay type questions. Remember that this exam is 20% of your semester grade and you need to spend time outside of class to study for it!!!

Astronomy – page 29-32 and chapters 27 – 30

  1. Be able to explain in great detail what causes the seasons. What and when are the solstices and equinoxes, when is the earth closer/farther and tilted toward/away from the sun?
  1. How do astronomers determine the composition and surface temperature of a star?
  1. What is the difference between actual motion and apparent motion of stars? Give examples of each.
  1. What is the difference between absolute and apparent magnitude?
  1. Which star is the brighter one with a apparent magnitude of 4 or –1?
  1. Be very familiar with the H-R diagram. Be able to label where the following belong: main sequence, supergiant, giant, white dwarf, temperature, absolute magnitude
  1. What happens during the various stages of stellar evolution? The diagram on page 560 gives a good summary. Don’t just memorize the diagram…you also need to know what happens during each stage
  1. Compare/contrast the geocentric model with the heliocentric model of the universe.
  1. Know how the inner planets differ from the outer planets.
  1. Know a few major characteristics of each of the planets.
  1. Why do we always see the same side of the moon?
  1. Be able to explain in great detail what causes moon phases. Also be able to identify the names of the phases and the difference between waxing and waning.
  1. What happens during a solar and lunar eclipse? Be able to draw a diagram and label the umbra and penumbra in each.

Oceanography (chapters 4 and 20-22)

  1. Know all about plate tectonics…what is the evidence that supports the theory, who came up with the theory, what is Pangaea?
  1. Know what happens at each of the types of plate boundaries and what features are formed there:
  1. transform
  2. divergent
  3. convergent:

ocean-ocean

ocean – continent

continent - continent

  1. Be able to label the ocean floor features: continent, continental shelf, continental slope, continental slope, rift valley, mid-ocean ridge, guyot, seamount, island, trench
  1. How is the ocean studied? What are some of the names of tools used to study the ocean floor
  1. What makes up ocean water? Most abundant elements, gasses, etc.?
  1. What effect does temperature and salinity have on density?
  1. How can fresh water be made from ocean water?
  1. Be able to label the major currents on a map and identify which are warm/cold, fast/slow. Shallow/deep
  1. What determines the size of a wave
  1. Be able to label the parts of a wave and calculate wave speed.
  1. What causes tides? Be able to draw the location of the sun, moon and earth during a spring and neap tide.
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