Economic and Social Impacts of Farm Restructuring in Central Asia

Economic and Social Impacts of Farm Restructuring in Central Asia

andEasternEurope

Questionnaire for rural HouseHOlds

(Read) My name is ______, and I am working with a team of researchers studying the economic and social impacts of farm restructuring in Kazakhstan. We are interviewing many different households and farms in your village and in other villages. You were selected by chance. All information provided would be totally confidential. Data will only be used in aggregate form. Names and details of individuals will not be released to any government department or other organization, or to the public. Neither your name nor your address will ever be associated with the information that you have given. This interview will take about 1 hour.

# of the questionnaire: ______

County/District: ______

Village: ______

Date of the interview: ______

# of the enumerator: ______

Survey Code No.:______

Farm size* /  5 ha / 5-15 ha / > 15 ha

* Based on all land used for farming (owned, leased or used under other arrangements.

THANKYOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION AND ASSISTANCE

SECTION A -- HOUSEHOLD PROFILE AND
TIME ALLOCATION OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

Interviewer: Make sure that the respondent is the household members who is most knowledgeable on the household’s farming activities and its income and expenditure situation – no exceptions!]

A1) Of how many people consists your household?

1 Total
2 of these, younger than 10 years of age [0 if none]

A2) Please, list the members of your household who are older than 10 years:

[Interviewer: Consistency check  Number of members must correspond to q.A1. Do not miss out on anyone older than 10 years old.]

А2.1. / А2.2. / А2.3. / А2.4. / А2.5. / А2.6. / А2.7.
Members / Sex / Age / Education / Involvement on the household plot or farm / Other employment / # of months absent from home in the last 12months
[0 if none]
Relationship to household head / F / M / type / years
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
/ 1 / 2 / / /
1 – household head
2 – spouse
3 – son/ daughter
4 – son in law/ daughter in law
5 – mother/ father
6 – grandson/ granddaughter
other (specify) / 1 – Higher (agricultural)
2 – Higher (other)
3 – Incomplete higher
(agricultural)
4 – Incomplete higher
(other)
5 – Secondary agricultural (college)
6 - Secondaryother (college)
7– Secondary professional agricultural (vocational school)
8 – Secondary professional other (vocational school)
9– Secondary general
10 – Incomplete secondary
11 – Primaryschool
12 – None / 1 – Full-time
2 – Part-time
3 – Notime / 1 – Self-employedinnon-farmbusiness
2. – Managerofagriculturalenterpriseorpeasantfarm
3 – Specialized employee of farm enterprise (tractor / combine driver, livestock specialist, etc.)
4 – Non-specialized employee of farm enterprise or peasant farm
5 – Administrative worker of farm enterprise or peasant farm
6 – Employeeinfarmenterpriseorpeasantfarm
7 – Public employee in social sphere (doctors, teachers, employees in culture houses, etc)
8 – Employee in trade enterprise
9 – Employee in industry
10 – Employee in transport/ services
11 – State employees/ akimats employees, law machinery, tax and different check services, ect.
12 – Housekeeper / private paid domestic work
13 – Pensioner
14 – Unemployed
15 – Pupil/student
16- None
Other (specify)

A3) Who is answering the questionnaire? Indicate household member # from left column of q. A2).______

A4) What is the household head’s ethnicity?

Circle ONE
Kazakh / 1
Russian / 2
Other (specify)

А5) Of the people listed in A2) who has moved in/joined with the household after the dismantling of the kolkhoz/sovchoz farm?

Yes

/ 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. А7)

A6) Who exactly has moved in/joined with the household after the dismantling of the kolkhoz/sovchoz farm?

A6.1. / A6.2. / A6.3.
Number of household member (enter from left column of q. A2) / Wheredidpersonlivebefore? / Why did person move in?
1 – Household head
2 – Spouse
3 – Son/daughter
4 – Son in law/daughter in law
5 - Mother / father
6 – Grandson /
granddaughter
Other (specify) / 1 – Almaty
2 – Astana
3 – Other city
4 – Other village
5 – CIS
6 – Other abroad / 1 – Found employment in the area
2 – Hoped to find employment in the area
3 – Join friends / family
4 - Marriage
5 – Other personal reasons
Other (specify)

А7) Did somebody leave the household after the dismantling of the kolkhoz/sovchoz farm (including dead)?

Yes

/ 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. А9)

A8) Please, name those people who has left the household after the dismantling of the kolkhoz/sovchoz farm (including dead)

А 8.1 / А 8.2. / А8.3. / А8.4. / А 8.5. / А 8.6. / А 8.7
Relationtohhhead / Sex / Age / Education / Why did person leave? / Where does person live now? / Current Occupation
M / F / type / years
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
1 / 2
/ 1 / 2 / / / /
1 – Household head
2 – Spouse
3 – Son/daughter
4 – Son in law/daughter in law
5 - Mother / father
6 – Grandson /
granddaughter
Other (specify) / 1 – Higher (agricultural)
2 – Higher (other)
3 – Incomplete higher
(agricultural)
4 – Incomplete higher
(other)
5 – Secondary agricultural (college)
6 - Secondary other (college)
7– Secondary professional agricultural (vocational school)
8 – Secondary professional other (vocational school)
9– Secondary general
10 – Incomplete secondary
11 – Primary school
12 – None / 1 – Found employment elsewhere
2 – Hope to find employment elsewhere
3. – Join friends / family
4 – Marriage
5 - Military service
5 – Personal reasons
6 – Dead
other (specify) / 1 – Almaty
2 – Astana
3 – Other city
4 – Other village
5 – CIS
6 – Other abroad / 1 – Self-employed in non-farm business
2. – Manager of agricultural enterprise or peasant farm
3 – Specialized employee of farm enterprise (tractor / combine driver, livestock specialist, etc.)
4 – Non-specialized employee of farm enterprise or peasant farm
5 – Administrative worker of farm enterprise or peasant farm
6 – Employee in farm enterprise or peasant farm
7 – Public employee in social sphere (doctors, teachers, employees in culture houses, etc)
8 – Employee in trade enterprise
9 – Employee in industry
10 – Employee in transport/ services
11 – State employees/ akimats employees, law machinery, tax and different check services, ect.
12 – Housekeeper / private paid domestic work
13 – Pensioner
14 – Unemployed
15 – Pupil/student
16- None
Other (specify)

A12) On a typical workday, how many hours do the following household members spend on the following activities on the household's own farm? (Interviewers! 0 - if no time at all is spent on these activities. No blanks. Consistency check  sum of all activities should be below 16h)

Member / A12.1. / A12.2. / A12.3. / A12.4. / A12.5. / F12.6.
Indicate # from A2) / Livestock/
Cattle (hours) / Poultry/ rabbits/ bees (hours) / Operating machinery (hours) / Fieldwork (hours) / Marketing (hours) / Administration (hours)
Most active male
Most active female

A13) Have you ever heard about any agricultural/ farm progects conducted by Government or any funds in your rayon/ village in the last 5 years?

Yes

/ 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to section В

А14) Did your household benefit from such agricultural projects?

Yes

/ 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to section В

А15) From which projects did your household benefit? Name it, please.

SECTION B -- LAND ownership and land transactions

В1) Is your farm registered as a farm enterprise?

Yes

/ 1
No / 2

B2) How much land do you and your household privately own in juridical terms? [0 if household does not own; NO blanks!; consistency check  1+2+3+4+5=6]

Area (ha) / Number of shares
1 Household plot near house
2 Plot is in the different places of the village
3. Farm land represented by land shares of former kolkhoz/sovkhoz
4. Land due to you as a conditional land share, but not received
5 Other land (specify)
6TOTAL LAND privately owned by you and your household [without community owned land or communal land; interviewer: do not fill in yourself, but carefully prompt respondent, if 1+2+3+4 do not add up to 5]

B3) How much land is USED by you and your household? [0 if household does not use land; no blanks; consistency check  2+3+4+5+6=1. If not used, enter 0 and pass on to B6]

Area (ha)
1 Total land used
Of which

2. Own land (incl. purchased or inherited), except plot near the house

3 Household plot near house
4 Rented / leased land
5 Land that your household does not own or lease [including community owned land or communal land]
Other land (specify)

В4) Out of your total land USED, how much is [blanks only if household does not use any land, i.e. q.B2.1 =0; otherwise value ≥ 0; consistency check  1+2+3+4+5 = q.B2.1 total land used]

Article / Area (ha)
Arable land /

1 Orchards

Vineyards

Hayfields and pastures

/ 4
Other (specify)

В5) In how many parcels is split the land that your household uses? (do not include the household plot near the house)?

parcels

B6) How far way from the household is the land farthest away: ______km?

B7) How much land did you and your household OWN before the dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm ______ha?

B8) How much land (all kinds of land) did you and your household personally USE before the dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm ______ha?

B9) Did you and members of your household receive land during the land privatization process?

В9.1. / В9.2. / В9.3. / В9.4. / В9.5.
Number of plots / Total area (ha) / Kind of title(s) received / Is the title registered
Yes / No
1 – Yes / 1 / 2
2 – No / Go to q. B14 /
3 – Notentitled / Go to q. B14
1 – Title deed
2 – Lease
3 – Other (specify)

В10) IF YES, how much of this land has been given to you and members of your household in physical form for your own use?

______ha

B11) Whose name in on the land title of the land that your household owns?

Head / 1
Spouse / 2
Child / 3
Head’s father / 4
Head’s mother / 5
Spouse’s father / 6
Spouse’s mother / 7
Daughter in law / 8
Son in law / 9
Other (specify)

В12) When was this land given to you and members of your household? 19__ __.

В13) What did your household do with this land? [multiple answers; at least ONE answer]

Area of land (ha) [blank if not circled and > 0 if circled; consistency check sum of all areas ≤ area indicated in q.B9]
I use this land myself / 1
Leased it out to large farm enterprise / 2

Leased it out to other entity or individual (formal or informal, payments in cash or in kind)

/ 3
Left it unused / 4
Left it for someone else to use it without payment (cash or in kind) / 5
Sold it / 6
Other (specify)

B14) Did you or members of your household buy land since dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm?

Yes

/ 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. B17)

B15) IF YES, when did you buy land, how much, from whom, how much did you pay per ha of purchased land, and was the transaction registered?

В15.1. / В15.2. / В.15.3. / В15.4. / В15.5.
When (year)? / Area (ha) / From whom? / Price (tenge)/ ha, including monetary value of payments received in kind / Was the transaction registered?
Yes / No
1 / 1 / 2
2 / 1 / 2
3 / 1 / 2
4 / 1 / 2
5 / / 1 / 2
1 - Member of extended family
2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family)
3 – Old or disabled person who is physically not able to farm (not member of extended family)
4 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family)
5 – Farm enterprise
6 – Municipality / State
Other (specify)

B16) IF you bought land, what were the three main reasons for purchasing land?

Circle max. THREE
Purchased land is near house / 1
High quality of purchased land / 2
Purchased land has access to irrigation / 3
Purchased land is close to market / transport / 4
Profitable to cultivate more land / 5
Enough manpower available to cultivate more land / 6
Not enough land for our needs / 7
Wanted to have secure ownership of more land / 8
Other reason (specify)

B17) Could you purchase (more) land if you wanted to? [ask everybody]?

Yes / 1
No / 2

B18) What are the three main difficulties to purchasing (more) land? [ask everybody]

Circle max. THREE
Nobody in the area wants to sell land. / 1
I do not know who in the area wants to sell land. / 2
Difficult to determine the appropriate land price. / 3
I do not know if there is a legal basis for buying land. / 4
I do not know which authority deals with land transactions in my area. / 5
The land transaction process (legal aspects, registration) seems complicated and is unclear to me. / 6
Land transaction process is expensive. / 7
Household does not have the financial means to purchase land. / 8
No tools to work on it / 9
Other reason (specify) / 10
No difficulties

B19) Did you or members of your household sell land since the dismantling of the sovkhoz / kolkhoz farm?

Yes

/ 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. B22)

B20) IF YES, when did you sell land, how many hectares, to whom, how much did you receive per ha of sold land, and was the transaction registered?

В.20.1. / В.20.2. / В.20.3. / В20.4. / В20.5.
When (year)? / Area (ha) / To whom? / Price (tenge)/ ha, including monetary value of payments received in kind / Was the transaction registered?
Yes / No
1 / 1 / 2
2 / 1 / 2
3 / 1 / 2
4 / 1 / 2
5 / / 1 / 2
1 - Member of extended family
2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family)
3 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family)
4 – Farm enterprise
5 – Municipality / State
Other (specify)

B21) If you sold land, what were the three main reasons for selling land?

Circle max. THREE
Plot too far from the house / 1
Land of very poor quality / 2
Not profitable to cultivate / 3
Cannot get necessary inputs / 4
Not enough money / 5
Not enough manpower / 6
Other reason (specify)

B22) Do you or members of your household currently lease land?

Yes

/ 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. B25)

B23) IF YES, how many hectares do you lease, from whom, how much do you pay per ha of leased land, and was the transaction registered?

В.23.1. / В23.2. / В.23.3. / В.23.4 / В.23.5. / В.23.6.
Area (ha) / From whom? / Cash paid per ha (tenge per year) / Value of products in kind paid per hectare (tenge/ha; per year) / Term
(years) / Was the transaction registered?
Yes / No
1 / 1 / 2
2 / 1 / 2
3 / 1 / 2
4 / 1 / 2
5 / / 1 / 2
1 - Member of extended family
2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family)
3 – Old or disabled person who is physically not able to farm (not member of extended family)
4 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family)
5 – Farm enterprise
6 – Municipality / State
Other (specify)

B24) ) If you do lease in land, what are the three main reason for leasing in land?

Circle max. THREE
Leased in land is near house / 1
High quality of leased in land / 2
Leased in land has access to irrigation / 3
Leased in land is close to market / transportation / 4
Profitable to cultivate more land / 5
Enough manpower available to cultivate more land / 6
Not enough land for our needs / 7
Other reason (specify)

B25) Could you lease in (more) land if you wanted to? [ask everybody]?

Yes / 1
No / 2

B26) What are the three main difficulties to leasing in (more) land? [ask everybody]

Circle max. THREE
Nobody in my area wants to lease out land. / 1
I do not know if there are farmers / farm enterprises in my area who want to lease out land. / 2
I do not know the appropriate price for leasing. / 3
I do not know if there is a legal basis for leasing land. / 4
I do not know which authority deals with land transactions in the farm’s area. / 5
The land transaction process (legal aspects, registration) seems complicated and is unclear to me. / 6
Land transaction process is expensive. / 7
Household does not have the financial means to lease land. / 8
No tools to work on it / 9
No difficulties / 10
Other reason (specify)

B27) Do you or members of your household currently lease out land?

Yes / 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. B30)

B28) IF YES, how many hectares do you lease out and to whom, at what price, for what period, and was the transaction registered?

В.28.1. / В.28.2. / В.28.3. / В.28.4. / В.28.5. / В.28.6
Area (ha) / To whom? / Cash received per ha, (tenge; per year) / Value of products in kind received per hectare (tenge/ha; per year) / Term
(years) / Was the transaction registered?
Yes / No
1 / 1 / 2
2 / 1 / 2
3 / 1 / 2
4 / 1 / 2
5 / / 1 / 2
1 - Member of extended family
2 - Private household based farm (not member of extended family)
3 – Other individual not engaged in farming (not member of extended family)
4 – Farm enterprise
5 – Municipality / State
Other (specify)

B29) If you currently lease out land, what are the main three reasons for leasing out land?

B30) Do you carry out some farm activities jointly with other farms/farmers?

Yes / 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. B32)

B31) IF YES, What are these activities, what formal or informal form of cooperation did you choose and what is your opinion on the current level of cooperation?

В.31.1. / В.31.2.
Activities / Form of cooperation
(circle ONE answer) / Cooperation level
(circle ONE answer)
1 Production of Crops and Livestock / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
2 Processing / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
3 Sale of Products / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5

4 Jointuseofmachineryandequipment

/ 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5

5 Purchase of Farm Inputs

/ 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
6 Mutual Credit / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
7 Consulting and Professional Advice / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
Other (specify) ______ / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
0 – Do not carry out such kind of activity

Informal Agreement
Formal contract
Association/Union
Cooperative

Other (specify)
______/ 0 - Do not carry out such kind of activity
1. Very good results
2. Adequate for our needs
3. Must be expanded
4. Not satisfied with the arrangement
5 Don’t know

B32) Do you consider that the land allocation was fair?

Yes / 1 / Go to section С
No / 2 / Continue

B33)IF NO, check the three most important reasons:

Circle max. THREE
Parcel was smaller that it should have been / 1
Parcel was smaller than others received / 2

Parcel is of poorer quality than others received

/ 3
The process cost more than it should have / 4
I was not fully informed of my rights / 5
The titling officials were not available/willing to answer questions / 6
Plot received for cultivation does not correspond to the parcel for which I have ownership rights as documented in land title / 7
Other (specify)

SECTION C -- FARMINg: Production and Marketing

[Interviewer: If household does not use land, i.e. q.B3) =0, do not ask respondent to answer Section C.]

C1) Please describe the livestock that your household owns at present

Animal / At this moment, how many head of livestock does your household have? [0 ifnone]

1 Cattle

2 of which:
Dairy Cows
3 Pigs
4 Sheep, goats
5 of which:
Dairy Sheeps/ goats
6 Poultry
7 Horses
Other (specify)

С2) Did you sell the livestock during last 12 months?

Yes / 1 / Continue
No / 2 / Go to q. С4)

С3) Please describe the livestock that your household sold during the last 12 months?

С.3.1. / С.3.2. / С.3.3. / С.3.4. / С.3.5.
Animal / Quantity sold for cash or barter in the last 12 months (heads) / Average price per unit sold (tenge) [blank only if qty. sold =0] / Main
Marketing Channel
(ONE only) / In your main marketing channel, did your household market under contract? / In your main marketing channel, how many weeks after delivery is your household paid? [value ≥0, 0 if paid at delivery; blank only if qty. sold =0]
Yes / No

1 Cattle

/ 1 / 2
2 of which:
Dairy Cows / 1 / 2
3 Pigs / 1 / 2
4 Sheep, goats / 1 / 2
5 Poultry / 1 / 2
6 Horses / 1 / 2
7 Other (specify) / / 1 / 2
1 – Directly to consumers (market, door to door, by the road)
2 – Wholesalers, traders
3 – Agro-processing enterprise
4 – Procurement enterprise
5 – Farm enterprise
6 – Farmer association / cooperation
7 – On CIS and neighboring markets
8 – On other foreign markets
Other (specify)

C4) If your household has dairy cows, how much milk did ONE COW give on average per day in the last 12 months? [blank only if farmer does not have dairy cow in q.C1]