CHAPTER 21 (SECTION 1) PAGES 636-646

1. At the Congress of Vienna, the Austrian representative Prince Metternich pursued the policy of legitimacy, meaning

a. he wished to legitimate the French defeat.

b. he sought legitimate control over central Europe to benefit Austria.

c. he endeavored to restore legitimate monarchs on the thrones of every major European power to preserve traditional institutions and values.

d. he sought legitimate proof of England's economic and industrial support of Austria.

2. After Napoleon's defeat, the Quadruple Alliance

a. sent troops to sack Paris.

b. restored the old Bourbon monarchy to France in the person of Louis XVIII.

c. returned Corsica to Italian control.

d. delivered an ultimatum to the pope demanding full control over all of Italy.

3. The Congress of Vienna

a. gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.

b. created policies that would maintain the balance of power among the members of the Quadruple Alliance.

c. failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.

d. treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.

4. The foreign minister and diplomat who dominated the Congress of Vienna was

a. Klemens von Metternich.

b. Prince Talleyrand.

c. Tsar Alexander I.

d. Napoleon.

5. Klemens von Metternich

a. supported much of the revolutionary ideology after Napoleon's defeat.

b. thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the status quo.

c. believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.

d. was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes.

6. Conservatism, the dominant political philosophy following the fall of Napoleon

a. was rejected by the Congress of Vienna as inappropriate in the new liberal age.

b. expressed that individual rights remained the best guide for human order.

c. was best expressed in Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France, emphasizing the dangers of radical and "rational" political change.

d. was too radical for Joseph de Maistre, the French spokesman for a cautious, evolutionary conservatism.

7. At its most elementary level, conservatism

a. sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare.

b. became the most popular political philosophy in Russia.

c. sought above all else the achievement of individual rights.

d. was never popular among the political elite of Europe.

8. The Congress of Vienna was most successful at

a. ending the political domination of the Holy Alliance of Greece.

b. thwarting Britain's attempts to intervene and crush revolts in Italy and Spain.

c. crushing the colonial revolts in Latin America.

d. establishing an order that managed to avoid a general European conflict for almost a century.

9. The most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America was

a. British naval power.

b. the Monroe Doctrine guiding American foreign policy.

c. the sheer size of South America.

d. growing support for pacifism in Europe.

ANSWER: a, page 584

10. The Greek revolt was successful largely due to

a. a well-trained guerrilla army.

b. the Turks' lack of fortitude.

c. European intervention.

d. superior Greek military tactics.

11. Which of the following areas was most directly controlled by the Austrians after 1815

a. Britain.

b. France.

c. Spain.

d. Italy.

12. When protestors of high bread prices in England clashed with government authorities, the resulting conflict was known as

a. the St. Paul's Massacre.

b. the Charing Cross Incident.

c. the Peterloo Massacre.

d. the Trafalgar Spectacle.

13. By 1815, following the Congress of Vienna, the Italian peninsula

a. was entirely unified as a single country.

b. remained divided into nine states subject to the domination of northern European powers.

c. had been devastated by the last campaigns of Napoleon.

d. had been completely annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.