work / The Caribbean
Mr. Dowling’s class
Date: / 1
Completion
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A NEW WORLD
_ailors_alaysia
_annibal
_anta Maria
_arib(3)
_aribbean(2)
_aten
_ative(2)
_easles
_en
_est
_ew
_ied
_ina
_inta
_iseases(2)
_laves
_lesh
_mallpox
_mmunity
_ndia(2)
_ndians
_ndonesia
_nemies
_olumbus
_omadic
_omen
_panish
_rawak
_rench
_slands(2)
_uropeans
_utch
_xposed / On October 12, 14____, the *s______aboard the *N______, the *P______, and the *S______M______were thrilled. They found land after many weeks at sea. The sailors and their captain, Christopher *C______, believed they had reached the i______southwest of I______that include I______and M______. In fact they had discovered a “n____ world.”
Columbus believed he was in the I______, so he named the n______people “I______.” We refer to the islands of the C______Sea as the W______Indies to distinguish them from the islands Columbus thought he reached.
The C______is named for the n______, sea-faring C______, who dominated the *i______when the *E__r__p____n__ arrived. The Carib drove out their e______, the A______. The C______were believed to have e______the f______of the Arawak m____, but the kept the w______as s______. The word c______is derived from an A______word for the C______.
The British, D______, and F______joined the S______in the “n____ world.” They brought with them d______like s______and m______. The Europeans had been e______to the d______, so they developed an *i______n____y from them. The n______people had no immunity, so most people d______from the diseases.
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1. Why are the islands of the Caribbean Sea known as the West Indies?
*2. Why do you think the Caribbean Sea was named for the Carib instead of the Arawak?
*3. Only the men spoke the Carib language. The women spoke Arawak. Suggest a reason for this.
Completion
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THE ISLANDS
Many of the i______of the C______Sea are part of a vast *u__d__r__e__ mountain c______. Other islands are c______, low-lying c______islands formed from the *b__i__d__p of *s__a__l sea c______.
The C______islands are divided into t______groups. The B______is an a______of more than s______hundred i______located n______of the C______Sea. The Greater Antilles, including C______, Jamaica, H______, and P______Rico, are the l______islands in the *r______. Some of the islands have rugged m______and thick r______forests. The Lesser A______form an a____ that stretches from P______R______to the c______of S______America. These islands are known as the L______A______.
_ahamas _ainforests _argest _aribbean(2) _ays _egion _esser _hain _hree _ico _ildup _ispañola _mall _ndersea _ntilles(2) _oast _orth _ountains _outh _rc _rchipelago _reatures _slands _slands _uba _uerto(2)Answer in a complete sentences
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*4. What is the dictionary definition of archipelago?
*5. Why are most of the Bahamian islands uninhabited?
6. How were cays formed?
*7. One Caribbean island is divided into two independent nations. Identify the island and both nations.
8. Why will you find thick rain forests in the Greater Antilles, but not on the Lesser Antilles?
Completion
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THE INDENTURED SERVANTS
_aribbean_bsorbed
_equired
_ervants
_even
_hree
_ifficult
_lantations / _ndenture
_ndentured
_ndigo
_obacco
_olonists
_ontracts
_opulation
_ork
_ugar / European c______hired i______servants to help them grow t______, spices, i______and s______on the C______islands. The s______signed c______that r______them to w______for t______to s______years. Their life on the Caribbean p______was *d__ff__c__l__, but at the end of their i______, they were a______into the general p______.
SLAVERY
European p______owners found that s______was their most *p____f__t______crop, but sugar c______required a great deal of backbreaking l______. The plantation o______lowered their l______costs by importing A______people who has been captured and e______.Many Africans reached America in what came to be known as the t______trade. Ships leaving E______first stopped in A______. They exchanged w______, ammunition, m______, liquor, and *t__xt______for c______taken in w______or r______. The ships then traveled to America in the M______Passage of the *v______, where s______were traded for s______and other island products.
The African slave p______quickly began to o______the E______and N______Americans. As slave r______became more f______, European i______lost m______. Many Europeans began to p______their g______to abolish s______. Great Britain o______slavery in 1833, but the practice continued on some of the i______for almost another f______years. Once s______was a______, the p______owners hired people from I______and other places in A______. This is why many A______people live in the West I______today. / _abor(2)
_aids
_aptives
_ative
_bolished
_ebellions
_etal
_extiles
_frica
_frican
_iddle
_lantation(2)
_lavery(2)
_laves
_ndia
_ndies
_nslaved
_nvestors
_oney
_opulation / _orty
_overnments
_oyage
_requent
_ressure
_riangle
_rofitable
_sia
_sian
_slands
_ugar
_ultivation
_urope
_uropeans
_utlawed
_utnumber
_wners
_ar
_eapons
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9. Why would someone agree to become an indentured servant?
10. Why did the Caribbean plantation owners decide to grow sugar instead of tobacco?
*11. What was the triangle trade?
*12. Why do you think we have only a rough estimate of how many Africans were enslaved and brought to America?
13. Why were only the youngest and healthiest people taken for the Middle Passage of the triangle trade?
*14. Write a paragraph that describes at least two factors that led to the abolition of slavery. Your paragraph must have a topic sentence, at least two support sentences, and a conclusion that restates, but does not repeat the topic sentence.
*15. Why are Islam and Hinduism prominent religious faiths on the Caribbean island of Trinidad?
16. How long ago was slavery abolished in Saudi Arabia?
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PIRATES
Pirates patrolled the C______Sea at the beginning of the c______era. The Caribbean was t______of m______from E______, so the region was a prime t______for the sea *b__n__i__s. European *g__v__r__m__n__s encouraged p______by hiring p______who turned over a p______of what they s______to the g______that s______them. Francis D______of E______was the most famous p______. Queen E______chose the man she called “m__ dear p______” to lead an e______around the w______. She later gave D______the high *h__n__r of k______him.
English and F______pioneers began to *i__h__b__t Hispañola about ______years ago. The settlers were known as b______because they roasted wild p______on open f______known as b______. The S______tried to f______the b______from H______by s______their f______supply. When the b______lost their p______source of f______, many turned to then s____ to become p______.
Piracy began to s______by 17____. The E______governments began to send trained n______forces instead of relying on p______. They signed t______that a______the s______passage of s______in the C______.
_afe _andits _arget _aribbean(2) _aval _ea _hips _housands _igs _iles _iracy _irate _irates _ires _laughtering _lizabeth _llowed _ngland _nhabit _nighting _olonial _onor _ood _orce _orld _ortion _overnment _overnments _panish _rake(2) _reaties _rench _rimary _rivateer _rivateers(2) _tole _ubside _uccaneers(3) _uccans _upported _urope _uropean _xpedition _yAnswer in a complete sentences
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*17. What was a “letter of marque?”
*18. Defend the privateers of the Caribbean.
*19. Why do you think Queen Elizabeth chose Francis Drake to sail around the world?
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*20. Who were the buccaneers?
21. Why did the buccaneers move to Tortuga?
*22. Write a paragraph that explains why piracy in the Caribbean began to subside by 1750. Your paragraph must have a topic sentence, at least two support sentences, and a conclusion that restates, but does not repeat the topic sentence.
*23. Explain why the Caribbean Sea is safer today than the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
*24. When people think of pirates, they think of images provided by Robert Louis Stevenson’s 1881 novel Treasure Island, or James Barrie’s 1904 Peter Pan. Describe a stereotypical pirate from literature or cinema.
*25. Do you think pirates have been accurately portrayed in literature and cinema?
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SANTERIA AND VOODOO
Santeria and V______are folk r______practiced in the C______. They are known as A______-American religions because they blend t______beliefs of A______with C______. The folk r______are generally p______among the p______and less e______people of the Caribbean. The Afro-American f______religions stress m______practices that bring good l______to their *f__l__owe__s and b____ luck to e______. Ceremonies often include the r______sacrifice of a______. The r______worship the s______of the d______, but the spirits are often given the names of C______saints. Many devotees of the r______are able to use tropical p______to relieve p______and cure i______.
Many Ch______of the C______feel c______with the r______of the f______religions. Pope John Paul II urged C______to reject S______when he visited C______in 1998. In addition to the West *I______, the A______-American f______religions are also p______in A______cities with many people from the C______. They include M______, New O______, Los A______, and N____ York C______.
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*26. Why are Santeria, Voodoo, Shango, Kuminia, and Pocomania called Afro-American religions?
*27. The word folk is generally a noun, but when Santeria and Voodoo are described as folk religions, folk is an adjective. What is the dictionary definition of the adjective folk?
28. In addition to any spiritual benefits, how are practitioners of the Afro-American folk religion able to help people in remote regions of the Caribbean?
*29. What do you think of the horoscopes printed in most newspapers? Why do many people read their horoscopes?
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THE RASTAFARIANS
Marcus G______was a J______who encouraged b______people to u______and to e______a n______of their own in A______. When G______left J______to carry his m______to A______, he is r______to have said, “Look to A______for the c______of a b______king, he shall be the r______.
In 1930, J______ministers learned that R____ Tafari was c______king of E______. They p______that G______’s message had come true, despite the fact that neither G______nor Ras T______were involved in what became known as the R______movement.
R______believe that white C______preachers and m______perverted the Scriptures to *h______the fact A______and J______were b______. The R______believe they were e______from E______to J______. The R______movement began in the s______of J______, but it s______to the m______class. More than 300,000 people, or ____% of J______consider themselves to be R______.
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30. Who was Marcus Garvey?
31. What name did Ras Tafari take when he was crowned King of Ethiopia? What does the name mean?
*32. Why do you think many Jamaicans are attracted to Rastafarianism?
*33. Why were many Jamaican people ecstatic when Haile Selassie visited their island in 1966?
*34. Singer Bob Marley died because he would not allow his cancerous toe to be amputated. Defend his decision.
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CUBA BECOMES INDEPENDENT
The U______S______was instrumental in helping C______become i______of S______, but American intervention in C______has not always been welcome. In the n______century, many American believed in M______D______, an i______that it was the d______of the U______S______to *s__r__a__ out across N______America. American n______publishers Joseph P______and William Randolph H______fueled American p______by reporting s______stories of S______brutality in C______.
American p______William M______sent the US b______Maine to C______to p______American c______in 18____. *U__h__p__y Cubans p______the a______of the M______because they felt the battleship was a t______gesture to C______. The night it arrived in Cuba, a b______sunk the M______, killing more than 250 A______crewmen. The American people were o______. The phrase, “R______the M______” became a b______cry e______in the n______. The people demanded w____, so C______authorized President McKinley to use m______force to remove the S______from C______. America won the b______and one-sided S______-American W____, and gained the colonies of P______Rico, G______, and the P______in exchange for twenty m______dollars.
The United States r______Cuba as an i______nation, but the f______Cuba to agree to the P______Amendment. The Platt A______gave A______the r______to l______land for a n______base on C______territory, and the right to i______in C______affairs. The United States o______Cuba twice, a______many C______who felt they were being c______by a f______power.
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CUBA
*35. What events in American history fueled the idea of Manifest Destiny?
*36. William Randolph Hearst said to Frederic Remington, “You furnish the picture, We’ll furnish the war.” Why do you think Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst reported sensational stories about Spanish brutality in Cuba?
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37. Do you think the United States was interested in making Cuba an American colony? Defend your answer.
*38. How would you feel in you lived in Cuba the day the Maine arrived?
*39. American Navy Secretary Theodore Roosevelt was frustrated with President McKinley's attempts to avoid war. Roosevelt complained that the President had "no more backbone than a chocolate éclair." Why do you think so many American were eager for war with Spain at the end of the nineteenth century?
*40. Why do you think Spain agreed to exchange Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam with the United States for twenty million dollars?
*41. What were the terms of the Platt Amendment?
*42. Why do you think the United States insisted on the Platt Amendment before withdrawing their forces from Cuba?
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FIDEL CASTRO
Fidel C______attempted a r______against Cuban d______Fulgencio B______in 19____, but when the revolt *f______, Castro e______to the m______. C______was c______and s______to f______years in p______, but B______later p______Castro.
C______attacked *t______years after the *f______revolt. He p______free e______and the end of government c______. The U______S______withdrew its s______of the B______regime at the *r__q__e__t of Cuban b______leaders, l______, and many R______Catholic b______. Castro became the *l____d__r of C______when B______fled to F______in 19____.
Castro set up a one-party C______government in Cuba. Shortly after taking p______, he s______his relationship with the U______S______and formed an alliance with the S______U______. America was concerned because it was involved in a C______War with the *S______, and each side hoped to influence d______nations.
A group of about 1500 Cuban e______tried to o______Castro’s government in a 1961 i______supported by the A______government. The C______exiles landed at the B____ of P______on the s______coast of C______in 19____, but were thoroughly defeated.
In 19____, American s____ planes discovered that the S______government was building l______pads for n______missiles in C______. American P______John K______threatened to i______, and the w______came c______to n______war. S______premier Nikita K______agreed to r______the m______if A______agreed to not i______Cuba.
Many C______were *u______with their lives. They *pl____d__d for an *o__p__r__u__i_y to leave Cuba. A______president Jimmy C______agreed to a______anyone who wanted to leave C______. Castro o______the p______of M______to a______who w______to l______, but he was s______and e______by the n______of p______who a______his o______.
Castro decided to use his agreement to rid Cuba of people he considered *“u__d__s__r__b__e.” He e______his p______and d______some of the s______people from his h______. Castro forced A______to either close its *b__r__e__s, or to a______people he considered to be *p__o__l__ms. The U______S______agreed to a______all of Castro’s e______, so more than ______Cubans arrived in America. Castro eventually c______the port in M______, but many C______continued to *t__y to leave. They often resorted to any b______or r______that could get them to the United States. Many Cubans *d______at s____.
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*43. Why did many Cubans oppose the Batista government?
44. Why did Castro alienate many Cuban people once he took power?
*45. If given a choice, who would most Cuban exiles choose as their leader, Batista or Castro. Defend your answer
*46. What dilemma was American President Jimmy Carter faced with when he agreed to accept the people who wanted to leave Cuba?
*47. Was the American government correct when they accepted every Cuban Castro deported in the Marial boatlift? Defend your answer.
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Elián González
Many Cubans tried to leave the *i______in order to reach America. They often resorted to b______and r______that were not seaworthy. Many *p______at s____. On T______Day, 1999, two boaters found a f______year old boy named E______González c______to a r______. Elian was the only s______of the t______people who left Cuba. His m______and s______were among the p______killed when their boat c______.
American I______officials delivered E______to his u______, a Cuban e______living in M______. Elian’s f______demanded the boy be r______to him in C______. Elian’s u______refused. American l____ states that the c______living b______relative has the right of *c__s__o__y in cases like this. When Elián’s u______refused to r______Elián to his f______, United States A______General Janet R______ordered i______agents to s______Elián from his u______’s house and r______him to his f______.
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*48. Why did Lazaro González refuse to return Elián to his father in Cuba?
*49. Do you agree or disagree with Lazaro González’s decision? Defend your answer.
50. Why did Janet Reno want to return Elián to Cuba?
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PUERTO RICO
P______R______is a “c______” of the United States. P______R______are American c______; the *i______is g______under American l______with a few e______. Puerto Rico is not r______to p____ federal t______, and the c______has a l______minimum w______that the U______S______.
The P______R______people are d______about their f______. In 1998, 46% of the people v______to begin the p______to make P______R______the 51st s______. A small *m______voted for outright i______from the United States. *M______of the people selected “n______of the a______,” so it is u______that there will be any c______in Puerto Rico’s r______with the U______S______in the foreseeable f______.
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51. How did Puerto Rico become a possession of the United States?
52. There are more people of Puerto Rican ancestry than of any other West Indian island. Why do you think this is so?
53. What is your opinion about the future relationship of Puerto Rico and the United States? Should the island be granted independence, become the fifty-first states, or take some other path. Explain your decision.
10% EXTRA CREDIT TRIVIA: There are actually 46 states, not 50. Four “states” call themselves commonwealths instead of states. Identify them.
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HAITI
-llowed-ristride
-aby Doc
-elief
-lack(2)
-atholic
-ontrol
-oup
-efeated
-ictator
-octor
-uvalier
-uvallier’s
-ducated
-lected(2)
-xperience
-ighting
-irst
-lee
-orce
-rench(2)
-overnment
-aiti
-aitian(2)
-istory
-ncome
-nvaded
-ean-Claude
-illed
-’overture
-acoutes
-ajority
-alaria
-ilitary
-onths
-wners
-apa -oc
-ower(2)
-ublicizing
-ead
-ebelled
-ebellion
-ecognize
-efused
-eturned
-laves
-pecialized
-trengthened
-ugar
-hirteen
-ortured
-outon
-nited -tates
-prising
-iolent
-oodoo
-rite / Francois Toussaint L’______led a H______slave r______in 17____ against the F______plantation o______. After *t______years of *f______, the slaves d______the F______and formed the f______independent b______nation.
The former s______had no e______in g______. Slaves had not been a______to be e______, so few people could r______or w______. Other nations *r__f__s__d to r______or trade with the *b______government, and the i______from s______production was gone.
Haiti was ruled by the D______family for ____ years. Francois, “P______D____” Duvalier was a d______who s______in treating m______. He was e______by the largest m______in Haitian h______, but became a d______one he gained p______. Papa Doc s______his c______over H______by p______his b______in V______. He created a v______military f______known as the T______M______, who t______or k______many of D______’s opponents. In 19____, the H______people r______against Duvallier’s, son, J______-C______, nicknamed “B______-D____.”
A former C______priest named Jean-Bertrand A______was e______president in 19____, but the Haitian m______staged a c______within m______and A______was forced to f______to the U______S______. The United States i______Haiti in 1994 and r______Aristride to p______, but Aristride fled to Jamaica after another u______in 2004.
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54. Who was Francois Toussaint L’overture?
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*55. Write a paragraph essay that explains why Haiti been extremely poor during most of its post-colonial period? Your essay must include a topic sentence, at least three support sentences, and a conclusion that restates, but does not repeat the topic sentence.
*56. Who was Francois Duvalier?
*57. Why did most of Haiti’s educated people flee the nation during Papa Doc’s rule?
57. Who is Jean-Bertrand Aristride?
*A higher order learning question. I will accept any reasonable answer.
2001-2004, Mike Dowling, All rights reserved.