Year 7 Mixtures @ Mr Hung 2013 Name: ______
Complete this page with the following words:
compressed, little, freezing, closely together, large, sublimation, mass, further apart, variable, solidification, vaporisation, melting, can’t, large, space, constant.
- What is Matter?
Matter is anything that takes up ______(has a volume), has ______and can be touched. It consists of particles or atoms. - There are 3 states of matter, solid, liquid and gas (vapour).
- ______is a process in which a solid changes to a gas directly without passing through a liquid state: Eg. Dry ice (carbon dioxide) and Iodine
From / To Solid / To Liquid / To Gas
Solid / NA / Sublimation
Liquid / NA
Gas / NA
NB: Boiling is not equal to Evaporation. Evaporation is when a liquid is changing state into a gas. Boiling is vigorous evaporation, accompanied by large bubbles coming to the surface.
/ Particles are not tightly packed and can move a little / Particles are ______.
______pull force between particles / Some pull force between particles / ______force between particles
Particles ______move around (little kinetic energy) / Particles can move around and changes shape to fit the container / Particles move around in all direction because of ______kinetic energy
______volume and shape
(can’t be compressed) / Constant volume but ______shape (hard to be compressed) / Variable volume and shape
(can be ______easily)
- What is the particles theory of matter?
Arrange the following words/phrases into a sentence as the answer for the above question.
everything, which are in , strong forces, The theory states that, and these particles are held together by, constant motion , is made up of particles ,
______
______ - Crystals are unusually shaped solids with special arrangement of particles.
Find out the shape of sugar, copper sulphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride (salt).
- Some properties of matter:
- Diffusion = the movement of particles from a ______concentration to a ______
- Concentration of a solution – it is a measure of how much of a substance (=solute) is dissolved in a liquid.
- A ______solution is the one with little solute in the solvent.
- A ______solution is the one with a lot of solute in the solvent.
- A M ______is a substance that makes up of 2 or more chemicals mixing together physically and can be separated easily by physical means, eg. Filtering and evaporation.
- What is a solution:?
Words: solution, saline, soluble, supersaturated, solute, solvent, saturated, soda (carbonated) - Solution = forms when a substance dissolves in another substance – needs to be a CLEAR before it is called a solution.
eg. Salt dissolved in water to form a clear ______solution
eg. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water to form ______water.
NB: Solution may be composed of any combination of liquids, solids, or gases, but they always consist of a single phase. - ______= a liquid which dissolves a substance
- ______= the substance which is dissolved by the solvent in a solution
- ______solution == a solution formed when no more substance will dissolve.
- Super-saturated solution = a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances, eg. At room temperature.
- ______= a substance which dissolves
- ______= a substance which can’t dissolve or dissolve only little
- ______= the maximum quantity of solute that can dissolve in a certain quantity of solvent.
- Suspension –Another mixture - Suspensions have much larger particles that can be seen by the naked eye. Particles in a suspension will settle on standing, can often be separated by a filter, and may scatter light, but they are usually not transparent. Some examples of suspensions are muddy water, paint, and some medicines.
- Colloid is a mixture in which a substance (very fine particles) disperse in a liquid. This particles can’t be seen and can pass through the filter paper. It will not settle to the bottom like that in a suspension. A beam of light can be seen as the particles reflect light.
- Emulsion - is a mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One liquid(in tiny droplets) disperses in another liquid, eg. Oil and Water.
- Emulsifier – a chemical that make the emulsion more stable, not separating out. Eg. Detergents, Egg yolks and mustard.
- Method of separating mixtures:
- Filtration - To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. The solid remains in the filter paper and the liquid goes through the paper into the beaker.
- Magnetic separation – To separate iron or other magnetic substances from other chemicals in a mixture.
- Evaporation - This method is suitable to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. If the solution is heated, the liquid evaporates leaving the solid behind.
- Chromatography - To separate different coloured dyes. The dyes travel up the chromatography paper at different distances before they cannot remain in solution. The more soluble dyes move further up than the less soluble ones, hence separating from each other.
- Distillation - to separate and collect a liquid from a solution of a soluble solid. The solution is heated in a flask until the liquid boils. The vapour produced passes into the condenser where it is cooled and condenses to a liquid. The pure liquid (distillate) is collected in a beaker. Some of the example mixtures that can be separated using the above mentioned techniques:
- Examples of separating mixtures
- separating dyes in inks, or chlorophyll in plants (ethanol as solvent) - ______
- separating sand from water - ______
- separating iron filing and sesame seed – ______
- separating water from minerals and impurities - ______
- separating salt from water – ______
- separation sediment from the red wine – decanting
- separation of gold from sediment – gravity separation
- separation of cream from milk or water from cloth in washing machine – centrifuging
- separation of metals in a scarp metal yard by electromagnet –______
Year 7 Mixtures Revision by Mr. E Hung @ 2013 Page 1