Department of DIPLOMA IN MICROBIOLOGY
The Diploma in Microbiology course would be of three years duration, divided into three parts- Part I, Part II and Part III. Each part would consist of two semesters. Each semester would comprise of four theory papers including practicals. There would be 13 cores, 6 common and 5 interdisciplinary papers, making a total of 24 papers. The new course will commence from the academic session 2011-12. The syllabus has been prepared keeping in view the unique requirements of Diploma in microbiology students. The contents have been drawn to accommodate the widening horizons of the Microbiology discipline. It reflects the changing needs of the students, pertaining to the fields of Chemistry, Statistics and Computational skills. The detailed syllabus for each paper is appended with a list of suggested readings. Teaching time allotted for each paper shall be 4 periods for each theory paper and 4 periods for each practical class per week and 1 tutorial period for each paper per week. Each practical batch should not have more than 20 students. Any number exceeding 20 will be divided into two equal batches. This is because microbiology practicals require individual attention for imparting correct and adequate hands – on training to the students. The six common papers (Cell Biology - I and II, Genetics and Genomics – I and II and Molecular Biology I and II) will be taught by teachers of the department of Biological Sciences. The interdisciplinary courses (Mathematics and Statistics, Computational Skills, Chemistry and Technical Writing and Communication in English) will be taught by teachers of the respective departments. One short educational trip will be conducted to industry/national/research institutes in the 5th semester to keep the students abreast with latest developments in the field of microbiology.
DIPLOMA IN MICROBIOLOGY
THREE YEAR FULL TIME PROGRAMME
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Part-I Semester-1
MICROB 101
MICROB 102
MICROB 103
MICROB 104
Papers
Introduction to Microbial World
Techniques in Microbiology
Chemistry I
Communicative English
Semester-2
MICROB 201
MICROB 202
MICROB 203
MICROB 204
Basics of Computers
Bacteriology
Chemistry-II
Fundamentals of Statistics
Part-II Semester-3
MICROB 301
MICROB 302
MICROB 303
MICROB 304
Virology
Phycology & Mycology
Cell Biology-I
Molecular Biology-I
Semester- 4
MICROB 401
MICROB 402
MICROB 403
MICROB 404
Microbial Physiology & Metabolism
Immunology
Cell Biology-II
Molecular Biology-II
Part-III Semester-5
MICROB 501
MICROB 502
MICROB 503
MICROB 504
Plant Pathology
Microbial Ecology
Industrial Microbiology
Genetics & Genomics-I
Semester-6
MICROB 601
MICROB 602
MICROB 603
MICROB 604
Medical Microbiology
Food & Dairy Microbiology
Recombinant DNA Technology
Genetics & Genomics-II
(B) SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
FIRST SEMESTER
SECOND SEMESTER
Number & Title of the course Max.
Marks
Min. Marks for
Passing (40%)
Min.
Aggr.
Marks
for
Passing
(33%)
(A) THEORY PAPERS
I MICROB 201 Basics of Computers 40 16
II MICROB 202 Bacteriology 40 16
III MICROB 203 Chemistry-II 40 16
IV MICROB 201 Fundamentals of Statistics 40 16
(B) PRACTICALS
I (based on paper 202)
II (based on paper 203)
40
40
16
16
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
4 Written Test : based on 4 papers
(10 marks in each test )
Seminar
40
20
16
08
TOTAL 300 99
Number & Title of the course Max.
Marks
Min. Marks for
Passing (40%)
Min.
Aggr.
Marks
For
Passing
(33%)
(A) THEORY PAPERS
I MICROB 101 Introduction to Microbial World 40 16
II MICROB 102 Techniques in Microbiology 40 16
III MICROB 103 Chemistry I 40 16
IV MICROB 104 Communicative English 40 16
(B) PRACTICALS
I (based on paper 102)
II (based on paper 103)
40
40
16
16
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
4 Written Test : based on 4 papers
(10 marks in each test )
Seminar
40
20
16
08
TOTAL 300
99
B. Sc. (Hons.) MICROBIOLOGY 2011-2012 ONWARDS
5
Approved by
Board of Studies in Microbiology on 25/01/11, Faculty of Life Science on 25/02/11
Standing Committee on 04/05/11, Executive Council on 16/06/11
THIRD SEMESTER
Number & Title of the course Max.
Marks
Min. Marks for
Passing (40%)
Min. Aggr.
Marks for
Passing
(33%)
(A) THEORY PAPERS
I MICROB 301 Virology 40 16
II MICROB 302 Phycology & Mycology 40 16
III MICROB 303 Cell Biology-I 40 16
IV MICROB 304 Molecular Biology-I 40 16
(C) PRACTICALS
I (based on paper 301 & 302)
II (based on paper 303 & 304)
40
40
16
16
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
4 Written Test : based on 4 papers
(10 marks in each test )
Seminar
40
20
16
08
TOTAL 300 99
FOURTH SEMESTER
Number & Title of the course Max.
Marks
Min. Marks for
Passing (40%)
Min.
Aggr.
Marks
for
Passing
(33%)
(A) THEORY PAPERS
I MICROB 401 Microbial Physiology & Metabolism 40 16
II MICROB 402 Immunology 40 16
III MICROB 403 Cell Biology-II 40 16
IV MICROB 401 Molecular Biology-II 40 16
(D) PRACTICALS
I (based on paper 401 & 402)
II (based on paper 403 & 404)
40
40
16
16
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
4 Written Test : based on 4 papers
(10 marks in each test )
Seminar
40
20
16
08
TOTAL 300 99
B. Sc. (Hons.) MICROBIOLOGY 2011-2012 ONWARDS
6
Approved by
Board of Studies in Microbiology on 25/01/11, Faculty of Life Science on 25/02/11
Standing Committee on 04/05/11, Executive Council on 16/06/11
FIFTH SEMESTER
Number & Title of the course Max.
Marks
Min.Marks
for
Passing(40%)
Min. Aggr. Marks
For Passing (33%)
(A) THEORY PAPERS
I MICROB 501 Plant Pathology 40 16
II MICROB 502 Microbial Ecology 40 16
III MICROB 503 Industrial Microbiology 40 16
IV MICROB 504 Genetics & Genomics-I 40 16
(E) PRACTICALS
I (based on paper 501 & 502)
II (based on paper 503 & 504)
40
40
16
16
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
4 Written Test : based on 4 papers
(10 marks in each test )
Seminar
40
20
16
08
TOTAL 300 99
SIXTH SEMESTER
Number & Title of the course Max.
Marks
Min. Marks
for
Passing
(40%)
Min. Aggr. Marks
For Passing (33%)
(A) THEORY PAPERS
I MICROB 601 Medical Microbiology 40 16
II MICROB 602 Food & Dairy Microbiology 40 16
III MICROB 603 Recombinant DNA Technology 40 16
IV MICROB 604 Genetics & Genomics-II 40 16
(F) PRACTICALS
I (based on paper 601 & 602)
II (based on paper 603 & 604)
40
40
16
16
(C) INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
4 Written Test : based on 4 papers
(10 marks in each test )
Seminar
40
20
16
08
TOTAL 300 99
SCHEME OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATION IN EACH SEMESTER
Q1. One major Practical ------10 marks
Q2. One major Practical ------10 marks
Q3. One minor Practical ------05 marks
Q4. One minor Practical ------05 marks
Q5 Viva ------10 marks
------
Total 40 marks
B. Sc. (Hons.) MICROBIOLOGY 2011-2012 ONWARDS
8
Approved by
Board of Studies in Microbiology on 25/01/11, Faculty of Life Science on 25/02/11
Standing Committee on 04/05/11, Executive Council on 16/06/11
MICROB 101
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIAL WORLD
THEORY Total periods: 46
UNIT I History of Development of Microbiology (Ch 2 Pelczar et al., Ch 1 Stanier) (9 periods)
Development of microbiology as a discipline, Spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis, development of various
microbiological techniques, concept of fermentation, establishment of fields of medical microbiology, immunology
and environmental microbiology with special reference to the work of following scientists : Anton von
Leeuwenhoek, Joseph Lister, Paul Ehrlich, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Martinus W. Beijerinck,
Sergei N. Winogradsky, Alexander Fleming, Selman A. Waksman, Elie Metchnikoff, Norman Pace, Carl Woese
and Ananda M. Chakraborty
UNIT II Classification, systematic and ultrastructure
A. Systems of classification (Ch 1 Pelczar et al., Ch 1 Willey et al.) (8 periods)
Binomial Nomenclature, Whittaker’s five kingdom and Carl Woese’s three kingdom classification systems and
their utility. Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms
B. General characteristics of different groups: Acellular microorganisms (Viruses, Viroids, Prions) and Cellular
microorganisms (Bacteria, Algae, Fungi and Protozoa) with emphasis on distribution and occurrence, morphology,
mode of reproduction and economic importance.
UNIT III
Viruses, viroids and prions (Ch 20 Pelczar et al., Ch 13 Tortora et al.) (6 periods)
A general introduction with special reference to the structure of the following:
TMV, poliovirus, T4 and λ phage, lytic and lysogenic cycles, one step multiplication curve
Bacteria (Ch 2 Madigan et al.) (2 period)
A very precise account of typical eubacteria, chlamydiae & rickettsiae (obligate intracellular parasites),
mycoplasma, and archaebacteria (extremophiles).
UNIT IV
Algae (Ch 1, 2 &12 Kumar) (8 periods)
History of phycology with emphasis on contributions of Indian scientists; General characteristics of algae including
occurrence, thallus organization, algae cell ultra structure, pigments, flagella, eyespot food reserves and vegetative,
asexual and sexual reproduction. Different types of life cycles in algae: Haplobiontic, Haplontic, Diplontic,
Diplobiontic and Diplohaplontic life cycles. Detailed life cycle of Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra.
Unit V
Fungi (Ch 2, 5, 11 Alexopoulus et al.) (10 periods)
Historical developments in the field of Mycology including significant contributions of eminent mycologists.
General characteristics of fungi including habitat, distribution, nutritional requirements, fungal cell ultra- structure,
thallus organization and aggregation, fungal wall structure and synthesis, asexual reproduction, sexual
reproduction, heterokaryosis, heterothallism and parasexual mechanism. Detailed life cycle of Aspergillus and
Rhizopus.
• Protozoa (Ch 19 Pelczar et al., Ch 12 Tortora et al.) (3 periods)
General characteristics with special reference to Amoeba, Paramecium and Giardia. Clinical significance of these
pathogens, diagnosis and treatment.
PRACTICALS
1. Study of the life history of the following scientists and their contributions with the help of their
photographs: Anton von Leeuwenhoek, Joseph Lister, Paul Ehrlich, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur,
Robert Koch, Martinus W. Beijerinck, Sergei N. Winogradsky, Alexander Fleming, Selman A.
Waksman, Elie Metchnikoff and Ananda M. Chakraborty.
2. To study the principle and applications of important instruments (biological safety cabinets, autoclave,
incubator, BOD incubator, hot air oven) used in the microbiology laboratory.
3. Study of the following algae by preparing temporary mounts: Chlamydomonas andSpirogyra.
4. Study of the following fungi by preparing temporary mounts: Rhizopus and Aspergillus.
5. Study of the following protozoans using permanent mounts/photographs: Amoeba, Paramecium and
Giardia.
6. Study of the following viruses using electron micrographs : TMV, Polio virus, T4 and λ phage.
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, and Blackwell M. (1996). Introductory Mycology. 4th edition. John and
Sons, Inc.
2. AtlasRM. (1997). Principles of Microbiology. 2nd edition. WM.T.Brown Publishers.
3. Cappucino J and Sherman N. (2010). Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. 9th edition. Pearson
Education limited.
4. Kumar HD. (1990). Introductory Phycology. 2nd edition. Affiliated East Western Press.
5. Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. 12th edition.
Pearson/Benjamin Cummings.
6. Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS and Krieg NR. (1993). Microbiology. 5th edition. McGraw Hill Book
Company.
7. Stanier RY, Ingraham JL, Wheelis ML, and Painter PR. (2005). General Microbiology. 5th edition.
McMillan.
8. Tortora GJ, Funke BR, and Case CL. (2008). Microbiology: An Introduction. 9th edition. Pearson
Education.
9. Vashishta BR and SinhaAK. (2008). Fungi. S. Chand and Company Ltd.
10. Vashishta BR. (2005). Algae. 3rd edition. S. Chand and Company Limited, New Delhi.
11. Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2008). Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology.
7th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education.
MICROB 102
MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
Total periods: 47
UNIT I (15 periods)
Definitions and Principles: Culture, Pure culture, Auxenic culture, strains, Pure culture techniques; pour
plate, streak plate and spread plate method, Enrichment culture technique, Rolling tube and Candle jar
method, Plaque assay techniques, Camera lucida, micrometry. Culture media: components of media,
natural and synthetic media, chemically defined media, complex media, selective, differential, indicator,
enriched and enrichment media. Sterilization and Disinfection Physical methods of microbial control: heat,
low temperature, high pressure, filtration, desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation Chemical methods of
microbial control: disinfectants, types and mode of action
UNIT II (8 periods)
Instruments, basic principles and usage: pH meter, fluorimetry, colorimetry, Spectrophotometry (visible,
UV, infra-red), polarography, centrifugation, Principle & application of scanning & transmission electron
microscopy.
Principle of Fixation and staining techniques for cell wall, capsule, flagella, endospore, EM, freeze-etch
and freeze-fracture method for EM. Direct & indirect staining, negative staining
UNIT III (8 periods)
Principle and application of electrophoresis: Agarose gel electrophoresis, Density gradient gel
electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, Pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Southern blotting, Northern
blotting. Hybridization. DNA sequencing, pyrosequencing.
UNIT IV (8periods)
Principles and application of electrophoresis: SDS-PAGE and NATIVE-PAGE, Isolectric focusing and 2-
D PAGE, Western Blotting, MALDI-TOF, N-terminal sequencing.
UNIT V (8 periods)
Principles and methods used for analysis biopolymers; X-ray Crystallography, fluorescence,
ORD/CD, NMR & ESR spectroscopy; Hydrodynamic methods; Atomic absorption & Plasma emission
spectroscopy.
SUGGESTED READINGS:
1. Wilson K. and Walker J. (2008). Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
CambridgeUniversity Press.
2. Nelson D and Cox MM. (2009). Principles of Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
3. Talaro K. P. & Talaro A. (2006). Foundations in Microbiology. McGraw-HillCollege Dimensi.
4. Potter GWH and Potter GW (1995). Analysis of Biological Molecules: An Introduction to Principles,
Instrumentation
1. and Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
5. Willey J, Sherwood L. and Woolverton C (2007). Prescott/Harley/Klein's Microbiology, McGraw
Hill.
6. Willard, HH and Merritt LL (1986). Instrumental Methods of Analysis. CBS Publishers and
Distributors.
7. Williams, BL. and Wilson, K. (1975). A Biologists Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical
Biochemistry.John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York.
MICROB 103
CHEMISTRY-I
THEORY
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry (30 Periods)
UNIT I: Recapitulation of: Bohr’s theory and its limitations, dual behaviour of matter and radiation, de-
Broglie’s relation, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle. Need of a new approach to Atomic structure. What is
Quantum mechanics? Time independent Schrodinger equation (H _= E_) and meaning of various terms in it.
Significance of _ and _2, Schrodinger equation for hydrogen atom in Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z). Need of
polar coordinates, transformation of Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z) into polar coordinates (r,_,_). Radial and
angular parts of the hydogenic wave functions (atomic orbitals) and their variations for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p and
3d orbitals. (Only graphical representation).
UNIT II
Radial and angular nodes and their significance. Radial distribution functions and the concept of the most
probable distances with special reference to 1s and 2s atomic orbitals. Significance of quantum numbers,
orbital angular momentum and quantum numbers mr and ms. Shapes of s, p and d atomic orbitals, nodal planes.
Discovery of spin, spin quantum number (s) and magnetic spin quantum number (ms). Rules for filling
electrons in various orbitals, Electronic configurations of the atoms. Stability of half-filled and completely
filled orbitals, concept of exchange energy. Relative energies of atomic orbitals, Anomalous electronic
configurations.
UNIT III
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Ionic Bonding: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Energy considerations in ionic bonding, lattice
energy and salvation energy and their importance in the context of stability and solubility of ionic compounds.
Statement of Born-Lande equation for calculation of lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle and its applications,
polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, ionic character in covalent compounds, bond moment,
dipole moment and percentage ionic character.
Covalent bonding: VB Approach Shapes of some inorganic molecules and ions on the basis of VSEPR and
hybridization with suitable examples of, linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, trigonal
bipyramidal and octahedral arrangements. Concept of resonance and resonating structures.
Section B: Physical Chemistry (30 Periods)
UNIT IV Chemical Thermodynamics
What is thermodynamics? State of a system, state variables, intensive and extensive variables, concept of heat
and work, thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamic properties, various types of systems and processes.
First Law of thermodynamics. Calculation of work (w), heat (q), changes in internal energy (PU) and
enthalpy (PH) for expansion or compression of ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for both
reversible and irreversible processes. Calculation of w, q, PU and PH for processes involving changes in
physical states. Important principles and definitions of thermochemistry. Concept of standard state and standard enthalpies of formations, integral and differential enthalpies of solution and dilution Calculation of
bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data. Variation of enthalpy
of a reaction with temperature – Kirchhoff’s equation.
Various statements of Second Law of thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, concept of entropy, Gibbs free energy
and Helmholtz energy, Calculations of entropy change and free energy change for reversible and irreversible
processes under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Criteria of spontaneity. Gibbs - Helmholtz equation.
Maxwell’s relations. Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of
substances.
UNIT V
Ionic Equilibria
Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization
constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect, Salt
hydrolysis_calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer
solutions. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts -applications of solubility product
principle. Qualitative treatment of acid base titration curves (calculation of pH at various stages of HCl –
NaOH titration only). Theory of acid – base indicators.
PRACTICALS
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry
Volumetric Analysis
1. Estimation of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture.
2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating it with KMnO4.
3. Estimation of water of crystallization in Mohr’s salt by titrating with KMnO4.
4. Estimation of Fe(II) ions by titrating it with K2Cr2O7 using internal indicator.
5. Estimation of Cu(II) ions iodometrically using Na2S2O3.
6. Estimation of (i) Mg2+ or (ii) Zn2+ by complexometric titrations using EDTA.
Section B: Physical Chemistry
I. Surface tension measurement (use of organic solvents excluded)
Determination of the surface tension of a liquid or a dilute solution using a stalagmometer.
II. Viscosity measurement (use of organic solvents excluded)
Determination of the relative and absolute viscosity of a liquid or dilute solution using an Ostwald’s
viscometer.
III. Kinetic studies
Study of the kinetics of the following reaction by integrated rate method:
Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid volumetrically
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Barrow GM. (2007). Physical Chemistry. Tata McGraw_Hill.
2. Castellan GW. (2004). Physical Chemistry. 4th edition. Narosa.
3. Cotton FA and Wilkinson G. (Year). Basic Inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley.
4. Douglas, McDaniel and Alexader. (Year). Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley.
5. Huheey JE, Keiter E and Keiter R. (Year). Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and
Reactivity. Pearson Publication.
6. Khosla B.D. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry. R. Chand & Co.
7. Kotz JC, Treichel PM and Townsend JR. (2009). General Chemistry. Cengage Learning India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Lee JD. (Year). A New Concise Inorganic Chemistry, E L. B. S.
9. Mahan BH. (1998). University Chemistry. 3rd edition. Narosa
10. Vogel A.I. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis. 7th edition. Prentice Hall
11. Vogel A.I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 6th edition. Prentice Hall.
MICROB 104
COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH
Total periods: 36
UNIT I (6 periods)
Communication: Language and communication, differences between speech and writing, distinct features
of speech, distinct features of writing. Speech drills, pronunciation and ascent, stress and intonation.
UNIT II (6 periods)
Writing Skills; Selection of topic, thesis statement, developing the thesis, introductory, developmental,
transitional and concluding paragraphs. Articles, parts of speech, tenses, sentence structure, subject- verb
agreement, punctuation.
UNIT III (6 periods)
Use of dictionary. Use of words: Diminutives, Homonyms and Homophones. Linguistic unity, coherence
and cohesion, descriptive, narrative, expository and argumentative writing.
UNIT IV (6 periods)
Effective writing skills, avoiding common errors. Technical Writing: Scientific and technical subjects;
formal and informal writings; formal writings/reports, handbooks, writing assignments.
UNIT V (6 periods)
Purpose and scope of Report, Memo, Agenda and Minutes. Notice, Letters; types and minutes, Manuals.
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. M. Frank. Writing as thinking: A guided process approach, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall Reagents.