US1H final exam review sheet
Chapters 13-15
- Jacksonian democracy
- “revolution of 1828”
- end of “King Caucus”
- nominating conventions
- How did voting change in early 1800s?
- President Andrew Jackson
- spoils system/kitchen cabinet
- Jackson’s veto of 2nd Bank of the US
- Henry Clay and election of 1832
- Nicholas Biddle
- Roger Taney
- “pet banks”
- Specie Circular – why was it created?
- Panic of 1837
- Nullification crisis
- “Tariff of Abominations”
- South Carolina Exposition and Protest
- Calhoun’s theory of nullification?
- How did Jackson deal with threat of southern secession?
- Why didn’t SC secede?
- Clay and compromise tariff
- Native Americans
- Worcester vs. Georgia
- Who did Marshall and Jackson side with? Why?
- Indian Removal Act
- Trail of Tears
- Texas/Mexico/US
- Sources of friction between Texans and Mexican government?
- Mexican restrictions on residents?
- Sam Houston
- Santa Anna
- Whig party
- Main beliefs (federal or states’ rights?), supporters, and leaders?
- Reform movements
- Religion
- Why were areas of NY called the “burned-over district”?
- 2nd Great Awakening
- Charles Grandison Finney
- Mormons and settlement of Utah
- Joseph Smith
- What beliefs caused them to be harassed?
- Brigham Young
- Education
- Horace Mann
- Women’s movement
- Seneca Falls Convention
- Main goals of “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions”?
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Susan B. Anthony
- Prison reform
- Dorothea Dix
- Temperance
- Neal Dow
- Maine Law of 1851
- Utopian communities
- Robert Owen and New Harmony, IN
- Scientists, artists, writers, etc. – know their major works
- Transcendentalists
- Beliefs/themes?
- Major Transcendentalist authors
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Industrial Revolution - definition
- Why did Industrial Revolution take so long to reach US?
- Positive and negative effects?
- urbanization
- textile industry
- Major inventors and inventions
- Samuel Slater
- Eli Whitney
- John Deere
- Cyrus McCormick
- Samuel F.B. Morse
- Robert Fulton
- James Watt
- Erie Canal
- NY Governor DeWitt Clinton
- Commonwealth v. Hunt
- Lowell factory system
- Who mainly worked in factories in MA in this early period?
- How did Industrial Revolution affect women?
- Their status?
- cult of domesticity
- domestic feminism
- Lancaster Turnpike
- Conestoga Wagons
- “division of labor”
- What did each part of the nation specialize in? Ex – South specialized in cotton,
etc.
- Immigration
- What 2 countries supplied most immigrants in 1840s and 1850s?
- In what part of the country did most Irish settle in?
- Nativism
- Why did nativism increase?
- American (Know-Nothing) Party
- their goals?
- Election of 1840
- Whig party and the “log cabin campaign”
- William Henry Harrison
Chapters 16-18
- King Cotton
- Eli Whitney
- cotton gin and effect on cotton industry
- Causes for increase in slave population?
- Percentage of who did and didn’t own slaves in South?
- How many slaves did most southerners own?
- Why did so many support slavery in South when didn’t own slaves?
- Most common forms of slave resistance?
- Gabriel Prosser (1800)
- Why did his rebellion fail?
- Denmark Vesey (1822)
- Why did his rebellion fail?
- Nat Turner’s rebellion (1831)
- Effects?
- Anti-slavery movement
- What white southerners opposed slavery?
- American Colonization Society
- William Lloyd Garrison
- The Liberator
- American Anti-Slavery Society
- Frederick Douglass
- How did he differ from Garrison?
- Sojourner Truth
- Underground Railroad
- Harriet Tubman
- Problems it caused between North and South?
- Actions of US government regarding slave issue
- gag rule
- destruction of abolitionist material in South
- John Tyler
- Reasons for problems with cabinet?
- “a man without a party”
- Webster-Ashburton Treaty
- Manifest Destiny
- John O’Sullivan
- James K. Polk
- Election of 1844
- “54˚40’ or fight!”
- Oregon Treaty
- War with Mexico
- Problems between US and Mexico?
- “Mr. Polk’s War”
- Bear Flag Republic
- Major provisions of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
- Election of 1848
- Lewis Cass
- popular sovereignty
- Free-Soil Party
- Martin Van Buren
- Wilmot Proviso
- What was it?
- California
- “gold rush”
- Why was admission of CA to Union so controversial?
- Taylor’s view regarding statehood for CA?
- Compromise of 1850
- Henry Clay
- Stephen Douglas
- Major provisions?
- Most upsetting part to North?
- Election of 1852
- Effect on Whig party?
- President Pierce
- Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
- Relations with Asia
- Commodore Matthew Perry
- Ostend Manifesto
- What did it say?
- Was it successful? Why or why not?
- Gadsden Purchase
- How did South get the area?
- Kansas-Nebraska Act
- Stephen Douglas
- What did it say?
- What year?
- Effects on MO Compromise?
- “Bleeding Kansas”
- John Brown
- Violence in the Senate (Charles Sumner, Andrew Butler, and Preston Brooks)
- Effects on Republican party?
Chapters 19 and 20
n Harriet Beecher Stowe
- Uncle Tom’s Cabin
- Effect on relations between North and South?
n Election of 1856
- American Party (Know-Nothing Party)
- Effect on Republican Party?
n Dred Scott v. Sanford
- What claims did Scott have to his freedom?
- Decisions of Supreme Court?
- Effect on MO Compromise?
- Effects on relations between North and South?
n Panic of 1857
- Effects on North and South?
n Lincoln-Douglas debates
- Main issue in debates?
- Freeport Doctrine
- Effects on Lincoln and Douglas?
n John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, VA
- Goals?
- Effect on relations between North and South?
n Election of 1860
- Candidates?
- What happened to Democratic Party during nomination?
- Republican view on slavery?
- What was going on in nation at the time?
- What happened soon after Lincoln’s victory?
- Lincoln’s main goal after inauguration?
n Crittenden Plan
- What did it say?
n Southern secession
- First state to secede and when?
- Confederate States of America
- Jefferson Davis
Chapters 20 and 21
n “King Cotton” diplomacy and why it failed
n Response to and role of GB and France in Civil War?
n Advantages and disadvantages of North and South
- military, resources, population, etc.
- railroads connect Northeast and Northwest
n Fort Sumter
- Major Robert Anderson
- Lincoln’s actions at Fort Sumter?
- Effects on Union and Confederacy?
n Border states
- Importance of holding them?
n War at sea
- Effects of Union blockade on South?
- blockaderunners
- Battle of Hampton Roads
- Why is it a turning point in naval history?
n Battle of Antietam
- Effects of battle?
n Preliminary and final Emancipation Proclamation
- What did they say?
- Why did Lincoln wait until middle of war to issue proclamation?
- Effects on war?
n Thirteenth Amendment
n African-American soldiers
- What was their role in Union Army?
n Battle of Gettysburg
- Why was it a turning point?
n General William Tecumseh Sherman’s “march to the sea” - Atlanta to Savannah
- total war
n Confederate surrender at Appomattox Courthouse - end of Civil War
- Robert E. Lee
- Ulysses S. Grant
n Lincoln’s assassination
- John Wilkes Booth
Chapter 22 and 23
n Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
- What were the main points of Lincoln’s 10% Plan?
- What was the goal of Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan?
n Radical Republicans
- What was the goal of their Reconstruction plans?
- Why did they criticize Lincoln and Johnson’s plans for Reconstruction?
- What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
- Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans?
- Military Reconstruction Acts
n Thirteenth Amendment
n Fourteenth Amendment
n Fifteenth Amendment
n Andrew Johnson
- What were main points of his Reconstruction Plan?
- Who would have to get a special presidential pardon?
- What was the main goal of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 that were passed by the Radical Republicans in Congress?
n Black codes
- Why were they created by Southern governments?
- What did Johnson do about them?
n Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
- Why were there problems between Johnson and Congress?
- What was the Tenure of Office Act?
- How did Johnson violate the act?
- Which part of Congress can impeach an official?
- In which part of Congress does the impeachment trial occur?
- Was Johnson removed from office?
n What was sharecropping?
n What were goals of the Ku Klux Klan?
n Who were carpetbaggers and scalawags?
n Ulysses S. Grant
- What were problems that Grant had when he was president?
n Compromise of 1877
Chapter 26
- “Great American Desert” – true?
- How did invention of McCormick reaper effect the West?
- life of Native Americans
- nomadic
- buffalo
- How did industry and railroad affect Native Americans on Great Plains?
- 1st transcontinental railroad
- Most workers on RR were from what 2 countries?
- Promontory Point, Utah
- Battle of Little Bighorn
- General George A. Custer and mistakes
- Battle of Wounded Knee
- Dawes Act of 1887
- Farming on Great Plains
- What was climate and geography like?
- Cattle Kingdom
- long drive
- Chisholm Trail
- Why did cattle industry decline in the late 1880s?
- Comstock Lode
- Homestead Act of 1862
- What was it?
- Why were there problems with it?
- Joseph Glidden and barbed wire
- What was effect on long drives and life on Great Plains?
- Frederick Jackson Turner
Chapter 24 and 25
- What were causes of Industrial Revolution?
- Where did most new immigrants come from?
- Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
- laissez-faire
- entrepreneur
- In what ways did US government encourage growth of big business?
- corporations
- benefits of big business (efficiency in labor and production, etc.)
- trust
- monopoly
- John D. Rockefeller
- Standard Oil Trust
- business tactics
- Andrew Carnegie
- US Steel
- Bessemer process
- vertical integration
- Social Darwinism
- Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 and problems with it
- Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 and problems with it
- Growth of labor unions
- Why were they formed?
- What tactics did employers use to limit their power (blacklists, scabs, etc)?