Detecting Long-Term Occupancy Changes in Californian Odonates from Natural History And

DETECTING LONG-TERM OCCUPANCY CHANGES IN CALIFORNIAN ODONATES FROM NATURAL HISTORY AND CITIZEN SCIENCE RECORDS

G. Rapacciuolo, J. E. Ball-Damerow, A. R. Zeilinger, V. H. Resh

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

TABLES

Table S1: Pairwise correlation among variables used to capture effects of seasonality, minimum temperature and total precipitation in our models.

Table S2: Final set of species modeled in this study and values for four of their biological traits

Table S3: Estimates of the effect of seasonality on probability of occupancy for 34 odonate species in California using the full dataset

Table S4: Estimates of the effect of seasonality on probability of occupancy for 24 odonate species in California using the opportunistic dataset

Table S5: Estimates of the effect of minimum temperature on probability of occupancy for 34 odonate species in California

Table S6: Estimates of the effect of total precipitation on probability of occupancy for 34 odonate species in California

Table S7: Assessment of uncertainty in models of yearly trend of species’ occupancy as a function of species’ traits

FIGURES

Figure S1: Yearly change in occupancy for habitat generalist versus specialist species

Table S1: Pairwise Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (ρ) among Julian day, minimum temperature, and total precipitation across sets of lists analyzed in this study. Values in table indicate correlation coefficients in the full dataset, with values in brackets indicating correlation coefficients in the opportunistic dataset. Values in bold indicate statistical correlations between pairs of variables.

Spearman’s ρ / Julian day / Minimum temperature / Total precipitation
Julian day / 1.00 (1.00) / -0.07 (-0.08) / 0.02 (-0.01)
Minimum temperature / -0.07 (-0.08) / 1.00 (1.00) / -0.39 (-0.42)
Total precipitation / 0.02 (-0.01) / -0.39 (-0.42) / 1.00 (1.00)

Table S2: Species modeled in this study and values for four of their biological traits. Temperature preference values represent mean posterior estimates of the minimum temperature parameter β2 (see eqn. 1 in the main paper) generated by our occupancy models.Values on habitat specialism, migratory behavior, and diapause were obtained from regional Odonata field guides (Manolis 2003, Paulson 2009) and supplemented by expert knowledge (D. Paulson, pers. comm.).

Species / Temperature preference (β2) / Habitat specialist / Migrant / Undergoes diapause
Aeshna interrupta / -32.36 / 1 / 0 / 1
Amphiagrion abbreviatum / -2.44 / 1 / 0 / 0
Anax junius / 0.40 / 0 / 1 / 0
Archilestes californicus / 0.45 / 1 / 0 / 1
Argia agrioides / 48.77 / 1 / 0 / 0
Argia emma / -0.29 / 1 / 0 / 0
Argia vivida / 0.12 / 0 / 0 / 0
Cordulegaster dorsalis / -0.38 / 1 / 0 / 0
Enallagma annexum / -0.70 / 0 / 0 / 0
Enallagma boreale / -1.46 / 1 / 0 / 0
Enallagma carunculatum / -0.32 / 0 / 0 / 0
Enallagma civile / 1.18 / 0 / 0 / 0
Erythemis collocata / 38.91 / 0 / 0 / 0
Gomphus kurilis / -0.45 / 1 / 0 / 0
Hetaerina americana / 0.82 / 1 / 0 / 0
Ischnura cervula / 0.26 / 0 / 0 / 0
Ischnura denticollis / 1.02 / 0 / 0 / 0
Ischnura perparva / -2.85 / 0 / 0 / 0
Lestes disjunctus / -26.89 / 0 / 0 / 1
Lestes dryas / -2.45 / 1 / 0 / 1
Libellula forensis / -1.77 / 0 / 0 / 0
Libellula luctuosa / 25.55 / 0 / 0 / 0
Libellula nodisticta / -20.23 / 1 / 0 / 0
Libellula pulchella / -1.35 / 0 / 0 / 0
Libellula quadrimaculata / -5.34 / 1 / 0 / 1
Libellula saturata / 40.13 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pachydiplax longipennis / 2.46 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pantala hymenaea / 55.69 / 0 / 1 / 0
Plathemis lydia / -4.54 / 0 / 0 / 0
Rhionaeschna californica / -2.43 / 0 / 0 / 1
Sympetrum corruptum / 0.03 / 0 / 0 / 1
Sympetrum illotum / 0.67 / 0 / 0 / 1
Sympetrum pallipes / -3.08 / 0 / 0 / 1
Tramea lacerata / 49.10 / 0 / 1 / 0

Table S3:Estimates of the effect of seasonality on probability of occupancy for 34 odonate species in California obtained using the full dataset of species occurrence records. For each species, seasonality effects on occupancy are estimated using the posterior mean (± 95% C.I. interval) of the linear (β5) and quadratic (β6) Julian day parameter generated using hierarchical Bayesian occupancy models (see eqn. 1 in main paper). Also presented are values of Rubin-Gelman ȓ and effective sample size (ESS) corresponding to each model parameter estimate. Bolded estimates are significant (i.e. 95% C.I. do not overlap 0).

Full dataset
Species / day (β5) posterior / ȓ / ESS / day2(β6) posterior / ȓ / ESS
Amphiagrion abbreviatum / -9.17 (-14.98, -3.58) / 1 (1) / 18346 / 6.77 (1.63, 12.03) / 1 (1) / 19238
Sympetrum corruptum / -3.07 (-3.54, -2.63) / 1 (1) / 23844 / 3.63 (3.16, 4.15) / 1 (1) / 20103
Archilestes californicus / -2.49 (-4.86, 0.28) / 1 (1) / 45219 / 4.71 (1.94, 7.37) / 1 (1) / 35343
Argia vivida / -2.14 (-3.14, -1.21) / 1 (1) / 20668 / 1.42 (0.56, 2.32) / 1 (1) / 22749
Ischnura cervula / -1.75 (-2.29, -1.27) / 1 (1) / 45154 / 1.3 (0.8, 1.84) / 1 (1) / 46848
Ischnura denticollis / -0.86 (-1.41, -0.29) / 1 (1) / 59095 / 0.84 (0.28, 1.39) / 1 (1) / 58969
Hetaerina americana / -0.57 (-1.17, 0.03) / 1 (1) / 58882 / 0.43 (-0.18, 1.03) / 1 (1) / 59158
Enallagma civile / -0.47 (-1.02, 0.11) / 1 (1) / 55430 / 0.78 (0.22, 1.32) / 1 (1) / 55892
Anax junius / -0.4 (-0.93, 0.17) / 1 (1) / 56900 / 0.83 (0.3, 1.34) / 1 (1) / 58095
Ischnura perparva / -0.27 (-0.91, 0.4) / 1 (1) / 58238 / -0.14 (-0.84, 0.54) / 1 (1) / 65279
Enallagma carunculatum / 0.03 (-0.51, 0.6) / 1 (1) / 58221 / 0.07 (-0.49, 0.6) / 1 (1) / 57147
Enallagma annexum / 0.13 (-0.75, 1.05) / 1 (1) / 56448 / -0.5 (-1.46, 0.41) / 1 (1) / 56179
Sympetrum illotum / 0.46 (-0.14, 1.08) / 1 (1) / 54556 / -0.88 (-1.54, -0.24) / 1 (1) / 54514
Libellula saturata / 1.51 (0.97, 2.07) / 1 (1) / 79818 / -1.67 (-2.25, -1.12) / 1 (1) / 80563
Sympetrum pallipes / 1.62 (0.16, 3.12) / 1 (1) / 42313 / -0.58 (-1.9, 0.73) / 1 (1) / 39722
Argia agrioides / 1.7 (0.6, 2.88) / 1 (1) / 73978 / -1.47 (-2.62, -0.42) / 1 (1) / 74239
Rhionaeschna californica / 2 (0.73, 3.38) / 1 (1) / 59012 / -5.58 (-7.55, -3.8) / 1 (1) / 57824
Libellula quadrimaculata / 2.42 (0.14, 5.05) / 1 (1) / 60353 / -3.85 (-6.65, -1.4) / 1 (1) / 58405
Argia emma / 3.06 (0.89, 5.47) / 1 (1) / 57010 / -3.12 (-5.54, -0.95) / 1 (1) / 56188
Libellula forensis / 3.09 (1.63, 4.62) / 1 (1) / 59850 / -3.82 (-5.47, -2.27) / 1 (1) / 61639
Pantala hymenaea / 3.38 (2.28, 4.57) / 1 (1) / 161630 / -3.15 (-4.29, -2.08) / 1 (1) / 159670
Gomphus kurilis / 3.44 (1.49, 5.63) / 1 (1) / 63187 / -6.01 (-8.77, -3.53) / 1 (1) / 63036
Plathemis lydia / 3.49 (2.27, 4.8) / 1 (1) / 107684 / -4.5 (-5.96, -3.14) / 1 (1) / 128600
Erythemis collocata / 3.59 (2.62, 4.61) / 1 (1) / 174720 / -3.62 (-4.65, -2.64) / 1 (1) / 174848
Tramea lacerata / 3.73 (2.63, 4.89) / 1 (1) / 154972 / -3.17 (-4.27, -2.14) / 1 (1) / 157581
Enallagma boreale / 3.81 (1.34, 6.64) / 1 (1) / 50221 / -4.85 (-7.9, -2.2) / 1 (1) / 50664
Pachydiplax longipennis / 4.85 (3.75, 6.03) / 1 (1) / 51229 / -4.85 (-6.04, -3.74) / 1 (1) / 50643
Libellula nodisticta / 5.38 (2.35, 8.78) / 1 (1) / 63932 / -5.57 (-9, -2.49) / 1 (1) / 64462
Libellula pulchella / 5.61 (3.41, 8) / 1 (1) / 53163 / -5.61 (-7.99, -3.43) / 1 (1) / 54884
Lestes dryas / 6.77 (2.65, 11.4) / 1 (1) / 53548 / -7.46 (-12.1, -3.35) / 1 (1) / 54225
Libellula luctuosa / 9.85 (7.54, 12.36) / 1 (1) / 158362 / -9.54 (-12.05, -7.24) / 1 (1) / 158013
Lestes disjunctus / 10.65 (6.64, 15.17) / 1 (1) / 162339 / -8.73 (-12.76, -5.18) / 1 (1) / 161975
Cordulegaster dorsalis / 11.14 (8.58, 13.96) / 1 (1) / 35077 / -10.49 (-13.19, -8.02) / 1 (1) / 37000
Aeshna interrupta / 15.24 (9.56, 21.61) / 1 (1) / 74819 / -12.11 (-17.66, -7.18) / 1 (1) / 74637

Table S4:Estimates of the effect of seasonality on probability of occupancy for 24 odonate species in California obtained using opportunistic records only. For each species, seasonality effects on occupancy are estimated using the posterior mean (± 95% C.I. interval) of the linear (β5) and quadratic (β6) Julian day parameter generated using hierarchical Bayesian occupancy models (see eqn. 1 in main paper). Also presented are values of Rubin-Gelman ȓ and effective sample size (ESS) corresponding to each model parameter estimate. Bolded estimates are significant (i.e. 95% C.I. do not overlap 0).

Opportunistic dataset
Species / day (β5) posterior / ȓ / ESS / day2(β6) posterior / ȓ / ESS
Amphiagrion abbreviatum / -7.36 (-13.27, 0.38) / 1 (1) / 11584 / 5.08 (-2.12, 10.44) / 1 (1) / 12119
Sympetrum corruptum / -3.1 (-3.59, -2.66) / 1 (1) / 21406 / 3.67 (3.19, 4.21) / 1 (1) / 17771
Archilestes californicus / -2.44 (-4.95, 0.54) / 1 (1) / 40331 / 4.77 (1.79, 7.61) / 1 (1) / 32700
Argia vivida / -2.19 (-3.2, -1.26) / 1 (1) / 20111 / 1.48 (0.61, 2.4) / 1 (1) / 22330
Ischnura cervula / -1.7 (-2.29, -1.19) / 1 (1) / 36411 / 1.24 (0.71, 1.82) / 1 (1) / 39407
Ischnura denticollis / -0.81 (-1.39, -0.22) / 1 (1) / 58020 / 0.77 (0.18, 1.35) / 1 (1) / 57701
Enallagma civile / -0.56 (-1.13, 0.03) / 1 (1) / 52725 / 0.88 (0.31, 1.44) / 1 (1) / 53856
Hetaerina americana / -0.54 (-1.19, 0.09) / 1 (1) / 55013 / 0.4 (-0.24, 1.04) / 1 (1) / 55012
Anax junius / -0.3 (-0.86, 0.28) / 1 (1) / 57436 / 0.73 (0.18, 1.27) / 1 (1) / 58018
Enallagma carunculatum / 0.1 (-0.46, 0.68) / 1 (1) / 56611 / -0.01 (-0.59, 0.54) / 1 (1) / 56442
Enallagma annexum / 0.17 (-0.81, 1.17) / 1 (1) / 55267 / -0.59 (-1.64, 0.42) / 1 (1) / 55030
Sympetrum illotum / 0.53 (-0.1, 1.19) / 1 (1) / 54455 / -0.96 (-1.66, -0.28) / 1 (1) / 55808
Rhionaeschna californica / 1.72 (0.41, 3.15) / 1 (1) / 52914 / -5.15 (-7.18, -3.29) / 1 (1) / 56114
Libellula saturata / 1.91 (1.31, 2.54) / 1 (1) / 50697 / -2.1 (-2.75, -1.48) / 1 (1) / 49896
Argia emma / 2.87 (0.55, 5.44) / 1 (1) / 55288 / -2.93 (-5.5, -0.6) / 1 (1) / 55245
Libellula quadrimaculata / 2.89 (0.31, 5.85) / 1 (1) / 59005 / -4.44 (-7.58, -1.72) / 1 (1) / 58409
Pantala hymenaea / 3.19 (2.08, 4.38) / 1 (1) / 75174 / -2.98 (-4.13, -1.91) / 1 (1) / 75234
Enallagma boreale / 4.13 (1.64, 6.92) / 1 (1) / 54884 / -5.06 (-8.07, -2.38) / 1 (1) / 55723
Gomphus kurilis / 4.45 (2.34, 6.79) / 1 (1) / 75510 / -7.23 (-10.21, -4.56) / 1 (1) / 75048
Pachydiplax longipennis / 5.12 (3.99, 6.33) / 1 (1) / 53193 / -5.12 (-6.33, -3.98) / 1 (1) / 51062
Libellula nodisticta / 5.92 (2.78, 9.51) / 1 (1) / 62991 / -6.21 (-9.89, -3.01) / 1 (1) / 63414
Libellula pulchella / 7.19 (4.6, 10.05) / 1 (1) / 45250 / -7.3 (-10.16, -4.71) / 1 (1) / 47232
Lestes dryas / 7.55 (3.26, 12.39) / 1 (1) / 54220 / -8.29 (-13.14, -4.01) / 1 (1) / 54277
Cordulegaster dorsalis / 10.98 (8.39, 13.91) / 1 (1) / 34143 / -10.35 (-13.14, -7.86) / 1 (1) / 35859

Table S5:Estimates of the effect of temperature on probability of occupancy for 34 odonate species in California. For each species, temperature effects on occupancy are estimated using the posterior mean (± 95% C.I. interval) of the temperature (β2) parameter generated using hierarchical Bayesian occupancy models (see eqn. 1 in main paper). Occupancy models were run either using all odonate records (i.e. full dataset) or using opportunistic records only (i.e. opportunistic dataset). However, suitable model convergence (according to the criteria detailed in the Methods section of the main paper) could not be achieved for all species using opportunistic records only. Also presented are values of Rubin-Gelman ȓand effective sample size (ESS) corresponding to each model parameter estimate. Bolded estimates are significant (i.e. 95% C.I. do not overlap 0).

Full dataset / Opportunistic dataset
Species / Temp. (β2) posterior / ȓ / ESS / Temp. (β2) posterior / ȓ / ESS
Aeshna interrupta / -32.36 (-54.83, -13.92) / 1 (1) / 364
Lestes disjunctus / -26.89 (-52.38, -5.46) / 1 (1) / 1067
Libellula nodisticta / -20.23 (-38.03, -8.35) / 1 (1) / 1273 / -19.04 (-39.23, -6.27) / 1 (1) / 1210
Libellula quadrimaculata / -5.34 (-10.09, -3.07) / 1 (1) / 667 / -3.64 (-5.55, -2.43) / 1 (1) / 2205
Plathemis lydia / -4.54 (-34.38, 18.93) / 1 (1) / 2422
Sympetrum pallipes / -3.08 (-6.95, -1.59) / 1 (1) / 1277
Ischnura perparva / -2.85 (-4.77, -1.76) / 1 (1) / 2775
Lestes dryas / -2.45 (-3.35, -1.82) / 1 (1) / 4854 / -2.77 (-4.13, -1.91) / 1 (1) / 2911
Amphiagrion abbreviatum / -2.44 (-3.12, -1.94) / 1 (1) / 7374 / -2.63 (-3.49, -2.01) / 1 (1) / 5219
Rhionaeschna californica / -2.43 (-5.33, -0.99) / 1 (1) / 3477 / -1.92 (-4.43, -0.7) / 1 (1) / 2368
Libellula forensis / -1.77 (-3.12, -0.94) / 1 (1) / 5707
Enallagma boreale / -1.46 (-2.14, -1) / 1 (1) / 6741 / -2 (-3.77, -1.13) / 1 (1) / 2070
Libellula pulchella / -1.35 (-2.16, -0.79) / 1 (1) / 9694 / -1.42 (-2.56, -0.76) / 1 (1) / 4118
Enallagma annexum / -0.7 (-1.11, -0.37) / 1 (1) / 20955 / -0.77 (-1.15, -0.44) / 1 (1) / 23530
Gomphus kurilis / -0.45 (-1.49, 0.34) / 1 (1) / 17721 / -5.37 (-23.52, 8.12) / 1 (1) / 2422
Cordulegaster dorsalis / -0.38 (-0.74, -0.06) / 1 (1) / 27436 / -0.37 (-0.76, -0.03) / 1 (1) / 24502
Enallagma carunculatum / -0.32 (-0.83, 0.1) / 1 (1) / 20355 / -0.44 (-0.92, -0.04) / 1 (1) / 19947
Argia emma / -0.29 (-0.86, 0.24) / 1 (1) / 20886 / -0.28 (-0.95, 0.32) / 1 (1) / 19138
Sympetrum corruptum / 0.03 (-0.19, 0.25) / 1 (1) / 43235 / -0.01 (-0.26, 0.24) / 1 (1) / 40633
Argia vivida / 0.12 (-0.07, 0.3) / 1 (1) / 30358 / 0.08 (-0.11, 0.28) / 1 (1) / 30062
Ischnura cervula / 0.26 (-0.11, 0.66) / 1 (1) / 24412 / 0.14 (-0.23, 0.53) / 1 (1) / 26211
Anax junius / 0.4 (0.04, 0.82) / 1 (1) / 22802 / 0.46 (0.16, 0.79) / 1 (1) / 30281
Archilestes californicus / 0.45 (0.1, 0.84) / 1 (1) / 45031 / 0.37 (0.02, 0.75) / 1 (1) / 49848
Sympetrum illotum / 0.67 (0.33, 1.06) / 1 (1) / 27674 / 0.75 (0.4, 1.16) / 1 (1) / 24173
Hetaerina americana / 0.82 (0.46, 1.24) / 1 (1) / 22337 / 0.73 (0.38, 1.13) / 1 (1) / 22896
Ischnura denticollis / 1.02 (0.63, 1.54) / 1 (1) / 11092 / 0.72 (0.37, 1.17) / 1 (1) / 15384
Enallagma civile / 1.18 (0.79, 1.71) / 1 (1) / 7740 / 0.91 (0.58, 1.32) / 1 (1) / 13171
Pachydiplax longipennis / 2.46 (1.77, 3.42) / 1 (1) / 9766 / 3.02 (2.05, 4.55) / 1 (1) / 5778
Libellula luctuosa / 25.55 (9.38, 50.61) / 1 (1) / 1978
Erythemis collocata / 38.91 (14.01, 67.42) / 1 (1) / 904
Libellula saturata / 40.13 (15.79, 70.28) / 1 (1) / 314 / 2.3 (1.36, 4.52) / 1 (1) / 1694
Argia agrioides / 48.77 (20.16, 85.78) / 1 (1) / 1144
Table S5 (continued)
Full dataset / Opportunistic dataset
Species / Temp. (β2) posterior / ȓ / ESS / Temp. (β2) posterior / ȓ / ESS
Tramea lacerata / 49.1 (20.52, 83.47) / 1 (1) / 822
Pantala hymenaea / 55.69 (16.58, 98.56) / 1 (1) / 978 / 60.93 (22.38, 104.22) / 1 (1.08) / 601

Table S6:Estimates of the effect of precipitation on probability of occupancy for 34 odonate species in California. For each species, precipitation effects on occupancy are estimated using the posterior mean (± 95% C.I. interval) of the precipitation (β3) parameter generated using hierarchical Bayesian occupancy models (see eqn. 1 in main paper). Occupancy models were run either using all odonate records (i.e. full dataset) or using opportunistic records only (i.e. opportunistic dataset). However, suitable model convergence (according to the criteria detailed in the Methods section of the main paper) could not be achieved for all species using opportunistic records only. Also presented are values of Rubin-Gelman ȓ and effective sample size (ESS) corresponding to each model parameter estimate. Bolded estimates are significant (i.e. 95% C.I. do not overlap 0).

Full dataset / Opportunistic dataset
Species / Precip. (β3) posterior / ȓ / ESS / Precip. (β3) posterior / ȓ / ESS
Argia agrioides / -21.75 (-45.16, -6.69) / 1 (1) / 1667
Pantala hymenaea / -21.61 (-46.24, -3.43) / 1 (1) / 1499 / -11.28 (-33.01, 3.64) / 1 (1) / 1567
Tramea lacerata / -20.07 (-37.71, -5.79) / 1 (1) / 1242
Erythemis collocata / -16.95 (-32.3, -5.39) / 1 (1) / 2023
Libellula saturata / -16.44 (-34.13, -4.17) / 1 (1) / 755 / -0.41 (-1.03, 0.06) / 1 (1) / 9189
Libellula luctuosa / -6.73 (-17.45, 2.16) / 1 (1) / 5014
Libellula nodisticta / -1.18 (-9.9, 6.67) / 1 (1) / 3768 / 1.99 (-6.88, 11.91) / 1 (1) / 3408
Enallagma civile / -1.05 (-1.47, -0.71) / 1 (1) / 18235 / -1.02 (-1.43, -0.68) / 1 (1) / 21381
Ischnura denticollis / -0.63 (-0.99, -0.32) / 1 (1) / 32266 / -1.13 (-1.62, -0.73) / 1 (1) / 18851
Pachydiplax longipennis / -0.56 (-0.94, -0.24) / 1 (1) / 20918 / -0.5 (-1.01, -0.1) / 1 (1) / 17796
Anax junius / -0.45 (-0.82, -0.15) / 1 (1) / 15141 / -0.07 (-0.32, 0.19) / 1 (1) / 48461
Enallagma carunculatum / -0.42 (-0.83, -0.08) / 1 (1) / 20893 / -0.51 (-0.92, -0.17) / 1 (1) / 21731
Hetaerina americana / -0.3 (-0.61, -0.01) / 1 (1) / 39464 / -0.18 (-0.48, 0.1) / 1 (1) / 40728
Sympetrum corruptum / -0.3 (-0.49, -0.12) / 1 (1) / 38404 / -0.46 (-0.7, -0.25) / 1 (1) / 24420
Ischnura cervula / 0 (-0.28, 0.3) / 1 (1) / 33306 / -0.27 (-0.59, 0.03) / 1 (1) / 29351
Argia vivida / 0.15 (0, 0.29) / 1 (1) / 41204 / 0.02 (-0.13, 0.18) / 1 (1) / 40152
Archilestes californicus / 0.16 (-0.14, 0.46) / 1 (1) / 64299 / -0.1 (-0.43, 0.21) / 1 (1) / 63203
Libellula forensis / 0.28 (-0.23, 0.89) / 1 (1) / 17667
Sympetrum illotum / 0.34 (0.09, 0.61) / 1 (1) / 35134 / 0.52 (0.24, 0.85) / 1 (1) / 20857
Amphiagrion abbreviatum / 0.34 (0.07, 0.62) / 1 (1) / 28345 / 0.21 (-0.07, 0.5) / 1 (1) / 27848
Argia emma / 0.35 (-0.02, 0.75) / 1 (1) / 28145 / 0.55 (0.13, 1.06) / 1 (1) / 18616
Enallagma annexum / 0.36 (0.09, 0.66) / 1 (1) / 25879 / 0.2 (-0.06, 0.48) / 1 (1) / 33581
Cordulegaster dorsalis / 0.55 (0.27, 0.9) / 1 (1) / 14211 / 0.5 (0.2, 0.92) / 1 (1) / 9912
Lestes dryas / 0.64 (0.32, 1.03) / 1 (1) / 16231
Enallagma boreale / 0.73 (0.4, 1.25) / 1 (1) / 10128 / 1.04 (0.4, 2.36) / 1 (1) / 2930
Gomphus kurilis / 1.15 (0.47, 2.07) / 1 (1) / 15173 / 29.25 (2.26, 59.79) / 1 (1) / 737
Libellula quadrimaculata / 1.3 (0.58, 2.53) / 1 (1) / 3091 / 0.78 (0.31, 1.43) / 1 (1) / 11551
Libellula pulchella / 1.49 (0.64, 2.85) / 1 (1) / 5589 / 1.16 (0.41, 2.74) / 1 (1) / 3494
Rhionaeschna californica / 1.51 (0.76, 2.85) / 1 (1) / 5584 / 1.35 (0.5, 3.1) / 1 (1) / 2488
Sympetrum pallipes / 1.73 (0.57, 5.37) / 1 (1) / 1399
Ischnura perparva / 1.78 (0.63, 3.72) / 1 (1) / 2983
Aeshna interrupta / 7.18 (2.15, 14.85) / 1 (1) / 2486
Table S6 (continued)
Full dataset / Opportunistic dataset
Species / Precip. (β3) posterior / ȓ / ESS / Precip. (β3) posterior / ȓ / ESS
Lestes disjunctus / 22.13 (3.86, 46.81) / 1 (1) / 2132
Plathemis lydia / 44.23 (11.73, 82.63) / 1 (1) / 1755

Table S7: Assessment of uncertainty in models of yearly trend of species’ occupancy as a function of species’ temperature preference, migratory behavior, specialization, and diapause. Yearly trends were summarized using either the 2.5 or 97.5 percentile of the posterior distribution for the year parameter from each species’ model, the lower and upper 95% confidence interval bounds, respectively. Models also include family and genus as random effects. Estimated coefficients, standard error (S.E.), and t value are indicatedfor each trait.

2.5 percentile of posterior for year parameter
Fixed effect / Coefficient / S. E. / t value
(Intercept) / -0.454 / 1.458 / -0.311
Temperature / 0.251 / 0.056 / 4.516
Specialist / -2.611 / 1.952 / -1.338
Migrant / -1.039 / 3.656 / -0.284
Diapause / 1.629 / 2.242 / 0.727
97.5 percentile of posterior for year parameter
Fixed effect / Coefficient / S. E. / t value
(Intercept) / 6.705 / 3.875 / 1.730
Temperature / 0.719 / 0.145 / 4.949
Specialist / -2.435 / 5.148 / -0.473
Migrant / 6.360 / 9.786 / 0.651
Diapause / 1.594 / 6.068 / 0.263

Figure S1:Yearly change in occupancy for habitat generalist versus specialist species. Yearly changes in occupancy are the mean of the posterior distribution for the year parameter β1, as estimated from occupancy models on the full dataset. Black lines represents medians and the box shows the middle 50% yearly trend estimates for cold- and warm-adapted species.