Worksheet created by T. Trimpe 2003
Scientific Method
Controls and Variables – Part 1
SpongeBob and his Bikini Bottom pals have been busy doing a little research. Read thedescription for each experiment and answer the questions with complete sentences.
DO NOT WRITE THE QUESTIONS.
1. Patty Power
Mr. Krabs wants to make Bikini Bottoms a nicer, less smelly, place to live. He has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas associated with eating Krabby Patties from the KrustyKrab. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) eat crabby patties with the new sauce. The other 50 (Group B) eat Krabby Patties with sauce that looks just like new sauce but is really just mixture of mayonnaise and food coloring. Both groups were told that they were getting the sauce that would reduce gas production. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems.
a)Which people are in the control group?
b)What is the independent variable?
c)What is the dependent variable?
d)What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be?
e)Why do you think 8 people in group B reported feeling better?
2. Slimotosis
SpongeBob notices that his pet snail, Gary, is suffering from slimotosis, which occurs when the shell develops a nasty slime and gives off a horrible odor. His friend Patrick tells him that rubbing seaweed on the shell is the perfect cure, while Sandy says that drinking Dr. Kelp will be a better cure. SpongeBob decides to test this cure by rubbing Gary with seaweed and having him drink Dr. Kelp for one week. After a week of treatment, the slime is gone and Gary’s shell smells better.
a)What was the initial observation?
b)What is the independent variable?
c)What is the dependent variable?
d)What should Sponge Bob’s conclusion be?
3. Marshmallow Muscles
Larry was told that a certain muscle cream was the best, new thing on the market and claims todouble a person’s muscle power when used as part of a muscle-building workout. Interested in thisproduct, he buys the special muscle cream and recruits Patrick and SpongeBob to help him with anexperiment. Larry develops a special weight-lifting program for Patrick and SpongeBob.He meets with them once every day for a period of two weeks and keeps track of their results. Beforeeach session Patrick’s arms and back are lathered in the muscle cream, while SpongeBob’s arms andback are lathered with the regular lotion.
a)Which person is in the control group?
b)What is the independent variable?
c)What is the dependent variable?
d)What should Larry’s conclusion be?
4. Microwave Miracle
Patrick believes that fish that eat food exposed tomicrowaves will become smarter and would beable to swim through a maze faster. He decidesto perform an experiment by placing fish food ina microwave for 20 seconds. He has the fish swim through a maze and records the time ittakes for each one to make it to the end. He feedsthe special food to 10 fish and gives regular foodto 10 others. After 1 week, he has the fish swimthrough the maze again and records the times foreach.
a)What was Patrick’s hypothesis?
b)Which fish are in the control group?
c)What is the independent variable?
d)What is the dependent variable?
e)Look at the results in the charts. What should Patrick’s conclusion be?
Answer Key
1 - Patty Power
a)Which people are in the control group? Group B
b)What is the independent variable? New sauce
c)What is the dependent variable? Amount of gas
d)What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be? The new sauce appears to work as it reduced the amount of gasproduced in 60% of the people tested.
e)Why do you think 10 people in group B reported feeling better? They thought they were getting the new sauce asa result thought that they didn’t have as much gas. (Placebo effect)
2 – Slimotosis
a)What was the initial observation? Slimotosis on Gary’s shell
b)What is the independent variable? Cures (Seaweed and Dr. Kelp)
c)What is the dependent variable? Slime and odor
d)What should Sponge Bob’s conclusion be? Although Gary’s symptoms have disappeared, it is not known whichcure was the one that worked. He should redo the experiment and include a control group as well as two othertesting groups for each of the proposed cures.
3 – Marshmallow Muscles
a)Which person is in the control group? SpongeBob
b)What is the independent variable? Muscle cream
c)What is the dependent variable? Amount of marshmallows lifted (strength)
d)What should Larry’s conclusion be? Since both Patrick and SpongeBob improved their results by the end of twoweeks, it does not appear that the claims for the special muscle cream are true. If the claims were correct, weshould have seen Patrick’s amount double, but not SpongeBob’s amount. The improvements were likely a resultof Larry’s special workout.
4 – Microwave Miracle
a)What was Patrick’s hypothesis? He hypothesized that feeding fish microwaved food would make them becomesmarter.
b)Which fish are in the control group? The fish that eat regular food
c)What is the independent variable? Microwaved food
d)What is the dependent variable? Time required to complete the maze
e)Look at the results in the charts. What should Patrick’s conclusion be? According to the data, all but two fish ineach group decreased their time through the maze. The special food does not appear to be a big factor inhelping fish become smarter.
Note: Of the fish that did improve their times, the fish that were fed the special food averaged a 9.625 secondsdecrease in their times compared to an average decrease of 6.625 seconds in the fish group that received theregular food. This does show a slight improvement for the microwaved food group, but not enough to prove thathis hypothesis was correct. More testing would need to be done.
Worksheet created by T. Trimpe 2003
Scientific Method
Controls and Variables – Part 2
SpongeBob and his Bikini Bottom pals have continued doing a little research to solve some problems. Read the description for each experiment and answer the questions with complete sentences. DO NOT WRITE THE QUESTIONS.
1. KrustyKrabs Breath Mints
Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will “cure” the bad breath people get from eating Krabby Patties at the KrustyKrab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a Krabby Patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the patty, however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties.
a)Which people are in the control group?
b)What is the independent variable?
c)What is the dependent variable?
d)What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be?
e)Why do you think 10 people in group B reported fresher breath?
2. SpongeBob Clean Pants
SpongeBob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they used to be. His friend Sandy toldhim that he should try using Clean-O detergent, a new brand of laundry soap she found at Sail-Mart.SpongeBob made sure to wash one pair of pants in plain water and another pair in water with theClean-O detergent. After washing both pairs of pants a total of three times, the pants washed in theClean-O detergent did not appear to be any cleaner than the pants washed in plain water.
a)What was the problem SpongeBob wanted to investigate?
b)What is the independent variable?
c)What is the dependent variable?
d)What should Sponge Bob’s conclusion be?
3. Squidward’s Symphony
Squidward loves playing his clarinet and believes it attracts more jellyfish than any other instrument hehas played. In order to test his hypothesis, Squidward played a song on his clarinet for a total of 5minutes and counted the number of jellyfish he saw in his frontyard. He played the song a total of 3 times on his clarinet andrepeated the experiment using a flute and a guitar. He alsorecorded the number of jellyfish he observed when he was notplaying an instrument. The results are shown in the chart.
a)What is the independent variable?
b)What is the dependent variable?
c)What should Squidward’s conclusion be?
d)Are the results reliable? Why or why not?
Super Bubbles
Patrick and SpongeBob love to blow bubbles! Patrick found some SuperBubble Soap at
Sail-Mart. The ads claim that Super Bubble Soap willproduce bubbles that are twice as big as bubbles made with regular bubblesoap. Patrick and SpongeBob made up two samples of bubble solution.One sample was made with 5 oz. of Super Bubble Soap and 5 oz. of water,while the other was made with the same amount of water and 5 oz. ofregular bubble soap. Patrick and SpongeBob used their favorite bubblewands to blow 10 different bubbles and did their best to measure thediameter of each one. The results are shown in the chart.
a)What did the Super Bubble ads claim?
b)What is the independent variable?
c)What is the dependent variable?
d)Look at the results in the chart.
Calculate the average diameter for each bubble solution.
Super Bubble = ______cm Regular Soap = ______cm
What should their conclusion be?
e)Are the results reliable? Why or why not?
Answer Key
KrustyKrab Breath Mints
a)Which people are in the control group? The people who received the mint without the secret ingredient(Group B) would be the control group.
b)What is the independent variable? Secret ingredient in the breath mint
c)What is the dependent variable? Amount of breath odor (or bad breath)
d)What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be? The breath mint with the secret ingredient appears to reduce theamount of breath odor more than half the time, but it is not 100% effective.
e)Why do you think 10 people in group B reported fresher breath? This may be due to the placebo effect.
Sponge Bob Clean Pants
a)What was the problem? SpongeBob’s pants were not clean.
b)What is the independent variable? Laundry soap
c)What is the dependent variable? Amount of dirt left on the pants (or how clean the pants were)
d)What should Sponge Bob’s conclusion be? Clean-O laundry soap does not appear to be effective in cleaninghis pants.
Squidward’s Symphony
a)What is the independent variable? Instrument
b)What is the dependent variable? Number of jellyfish
c)What should Squidward’s conclusion be? The clarinet did seem to attract a large number of jellyfish, butthe average number for the three trials also matched the average for the guitar. The flute attracted the leastnumber of jellyfish, but the average for this category is still larger than the control. Music seems to attractjellyfish in greater numbers than when no music is played. Squidward’s hypothesis that the clarinet attractslarger numbers of jellyfish than other instruments is not proven by this experiment alone.
d)Are the results reliable? Based on the limited amount of information provided, it is difficult to tell ifSquidward’s results are reliable. The description did not tell how long each break was between trials. Did heleave enough time for the jellyfish to “clear out” of the area? (NOTE: Accept other potential flaws thatstudents can support.)
Super Bubbles
a)What did the Super Bubble ads claim? The ads claimed that the Super Bubble solution would producebubbles that were twice as large as those made with regular bubble soap.
b)What is the independent variable? Type of bubble solution
c)What is the dependent variable? Size (diameter) of the bubble
d)Calculate the average diameter for each. Super Bubble = 15.1 cm Regular Soap = 11.5 cm
What should their conclusion be? The Super Bubble solution did not seem to produce bubbles that weretwice as large as those made with the regular soap. Although the average size for the Super Bubblesolution was larger than the average size for the regular soap, it was not “twice as large” as the adsclaimed. In fact, only two of the ten trials had results that would fit the ads claims.
e)Are the results reliable? Why or why not? The description does not say who blew the bubbles for each
solution. There may be differences in bubble sizes due to the person blowing the bubble rather than the bubblesolution. They might have considered having each person blow 5 bubbles with each solution. (NOTE: Acceptother potential flaws that students can support.)