Coal Geology Selected References

Coal Geology Bibliography

Selected References— Revised March 2019

These bibliographic references have been compiled as a TSOP project, and organic petrologists have found the references to be useful in their work. They should be available at university or geological research center libraries. They are not available from TSOP.

Affolter, R.H., and G.D. Stricker, 1990, Paleolatitude—a primary control on the sulfur content of United States coal (abstract), in L.M.H. Carter, ed., USGS research on energy resources—1990 program and abstracts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1060, p. 1.

Alias, F.L., W.H. Abdullah, M.H. Hakimi, M.H. Azhar, and R.L. Kugler, 2012, Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the Tertiary Tanjong Formation coals in the Pinangah area, onshore Sabah, Malaysia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 104, p. 9-21.

Alpern, B., M.J. Lemos de Sousa, and D. Flores, 1989, A progress report on the Alpern Coal Classification: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 13, p. 1-19.

Alpern, B., and M.J. Lemos de Sousa, 2002, Documented international enquiry on solid sedimentary fossil fuels; coal: definitions, classifications, reserves-resources, and energy potential: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 50, p. 3-41.

Amijaya, H., and R. Littke, 2005, Microfacies and depositional environment of Tertiary Tanjung Enim low rank coal, south Sumatra Basin, Indonesia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 61, p. 197-221.

Amijaya, H., J. Schwarzbauer, and R. Littke, 2006, Organic geochemistry of the Lower Suban coal seam, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia: palaeoecological and thermal metamorphism implications: Organic Geochemistry, v. 37, p. 261-279.

Anderson, L.I., J.A. Dunlop, R.M.C. Eagar, C.A. Horrocks, and H.M. Wilson, 1999, Soft-bodies fossils from the roof shales of the Wigan Four Foot coal seam, Westhoughton, Lancashire, UK: Geological Magazine, v. 135, p. 321-329.

Andrews, W.M., J.C. Hower, J.C. Ferm, S.D. Evans, N.S. Sirek, M. Warrell, and C.F. Eble, 1996, A depositional model for the Taylor coal bed, Martin and Johnson counties, eastern Kentucky, in J.C. Hower and C.F. Eble, eds., Geology and petrology of Appalachian coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 31, p. 151-167.

Apodaca, L.E., 2014, Peat: Earth, v. 59, no. 7/8, p. 109.

Archer, A.W., S. Elrick, W.J. Nelson, and W.A. DiMichele, 2016, Cataclysmic burial of Pennsylvanian Period coal swamps in the Illinois Basin: Hypertidal sedimentation during Gondwana glacial melt-water pulses, in B. Tessier and J.-Y. Reynaud, eds., Contributions to modern and ancient tidal sedimentology: Proceedings of the Tidalites 2012 conference: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., International Association of Sedimentologists, p. 217-231. (upright trees; cyclothem)

Ashley, G.H., 1918, Cannel coal in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 659, 127 p.

Ayinla, H.A., W.H. Abdullah, Y.M. Makeen, M.B. Abubakar, A. Jauro, B.M.S. Yandoka, and N.S.Z. Abidin, 2017, Petrographic and geochemical characterization of the Upper Cretaceous coal and mudstones of Gombe Formation, Gongola sub-basin, northern Benue trough Nigeria: Implication for organic matter preservation, paleodepositional environment and tectonic settings: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 180, p. 67-82.

Baboolal, A.A., R. Littke, B. Wilson, A.T. Stock, and J. Knight, 2016, Petrographical and geochemical characterization of lignites, sub-bituminous coals and carbonaceous sediments from the Erin Formation, Southern Basin, Trinidad — Implications on microfacies, depositional environment and organic matter alteration: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 163, p. 112-122.

Banerjee, I., W. Kalkreuth, and E.H. Davies, 1996, Coal seam splits and transgressive-regressive coal couplets: a key to stratigraphy of high-freqency sequences: Geology, v. 24, p. 1001-1004.

Barghoorn, E.S., and W. Spackman, 1949, A preliminary study of the flora of the Brandon lignite: American Journal of Science, v. 247, p. 33-39.

Barghoorn, E.S., and W. Spackman, 1950, Geological and botanical study of the Brandon lignite and its significance in coal petrology: Economic Geology, v. 45, p. 344-357.

Barghoorn, E.S., 1952, Degradation of plant materials and its relation to the origin of coal, in Second conference on the origin and constitution of coal: Nova Scotia Department of Mines, p. 181-207.

Barghoorn, E.S., 1952, Degradation of plant tissues in organic sediments: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 22, p. 34-41.

Beaumont, E.A., 1979, Depositional environments of Fort Union sediments (Tertiary, northwest Colorado) and their relation to coal: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, p. 194-217.

Bechtel, A., R.F. Sachsenhofer, I. Kolcon, R. Gratzer, A. Otto, and W. Püttmann, 2002, Organic geochemistry of the Lower Miocene Oberdorf lignite (Styrian basin, Austria): its relation to petrography, palynology and the palaeoenvironment: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 51, p. 31-57.

Bechtel, A., M. Markic, R.F. Sachsenhofer, B. Jelen, R. Gratzer, A. Lücke, and W. Püttmann, 2004, Paleoenvironment of the upper Oligocene Trbovlje coal seam (Slovenia): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 57, p. 23-48.

Bechtel, A., R.F. Sachsenhofer, A. Zdravkov, I. Kostova, and R. Gratzer, 2005, Influence of floral assemblage, facies and diagenesis on petrography and organic geochemistry of the Eocene Bourgas coal and the Miocene Maritza-East lignite (Bulgaria): Organic Geochemistry, v. 36, p. 1498-1522. (uses groundwater index)

Bechtel, A., M. Hámor-Vidó, R.F. Sachsenhofer, D. Reischenbacher, R. Gratzer, and W. Püttmann, 2007, The middle Eocene Márkushegy subbituminous coal (Hungary): Paleoenvironmental implications from petrographical and geochemical studies: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 72, p. 33-52.

Bechtel, A., A.I. Karayiğit, R.F. Sachsenhofer, H. İnaner, K. Christanis, and R. Gratzer, 2014, Spatial and temporal variability in vegetation and coal facies as reflected by organic petrological and geochemical data in the Middle Miocene Çayirhan coal field (Turkey): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 134-135, p. 46-60.

Begossi, R., and J.C.D. Fávera, 2002, Catastrophic floods as a possible cause of organic matter accumulation giving rise to coal, Paraná Basin, Brazil: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 52, p. 83-89.

Belcher, C.M., M.E. Collinson, A.R. Sweet, A.R. Hildebrand, and A.C. Scott, 2003, Fireball passes and nothing burns—The role of thermal radiation in the Cretaceous-Tertiary event: Evidence from the charcoal record of North America: Geology, v. 31, p. 1061-1064.

Bend, S.L., 1992, The origin, formation and petrographic composition of coal: Fuel, v. 71, p. 851-870.

Berkowitz, N., 1994, An introduction to coal technology: Academic Press, 398 p.

Bertrand, P., ed., 1991, Coal: formation, occurrence and related properties: Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, v. 162, p. 137-448.

Blackburn, K.B., and B.N. Temperley, 1936, Botryococcus and the algal coals: Royal Society Edinburgh Transactions, v. 58, p. 841-868.

Blandón, A., and G. Gorin, 2013, Combining palynofacies and petrography in the study of sub-bituminous tropical coals: A case history from Lower Tertiary coals in Colombia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 108, p. 65-82.

Bohacs, K., and J. Suter, 1997, Sequence stratigraphic distribution of coaly rocks: fundamental controls and paralic examples: AAPG Bulletin, v. 81, p. 1612-1639.

Burkhard, M., and W. Kalkreuth, 1989, Coalification in the northern Wildhorn nappe and adjacent units, western Switzerland. Implications for tectonic burial histories: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 11, p. 47-64.

Busch, R.M., R.R. West, F.J. Barrett, and T.R. Barrett, 1985, Cyclothems versus a hierarchy of transgressive-regressive units, in W.L. Watney, R.L. Kaesler, and K.D. Newell, conveners, Recent interpretations of late Paleozoic cyclothems: Midcontinent SEPM Proceedings of Third Annual Meeting and Field Conference, p. 141-153.

Bustin, R.M., A.R. Cameron, D.A. Grieve, and W.D. Kalkreuth, 1985, Coal petrology—its principles, methods and applications (second revised edition): Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes v. 3, 230 p.

Butler, J., H. Marsh, and F. Goodarzi, 1988, World coals: genesis of the world’s major coalfields in relation to plate tectonics: Fuel, v. 67, p. 269-274.

Cady, G.H., 1949, Coal geology: an opportunity for research and study: Economic Geology, v. 44, p. 1-12.

Calder, J.H., M.R. Gibling, and R.K. Mukhopadhyay, 1991, Peat formation in a Westphalian B piedmont setting, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia: implications for the maceral-based interpretation of rheotrophic and raised paleomires, in P. Bertrand, ed., Coal: formation, occurrence and related properties: Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, v. 162, p. 283-298.

Calder, J.H., 1993, The evolution of a ground-water-influenced (Westphalian B) peat-forming ecosystem in a piedmont setting: the no. 3 seam, Springhill coalfield, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia, in J.C. Cobb and C.B. Cecil, eds., Modern and ancient coal-forming environments: Geological Society of America Special Paper 286, p. 153-180.

Calder, J.H., and M.R. Gibling, 1994, The Euramerican coal province: controls on late Paleozoic peat accumulation: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 106, p. 1-21.

Calder, J.H., 1994, The impact of climate change, tectonism and hydrology on the formation of Carboniferous tropical intermontane mires: the Springhill coalfield, Cumberland Basin, Nova Scotia: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 106, p. 323-351.

Cameron, A.R., 1978, Megascopic description of coal with particular reference to seams in southern Illinois: ASTM Special Technical Publication (STP) 661, p. 9-32.

Cameron, A.R., F. Goodarzi, and J. Potter, 1994, Coal and oil shale of early Carboniferous age in northern Canada: significance for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic interpretations: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 106, p. 135-155.

Cameron, C.C., J.S. Esterle, and C.A. Palmer, 1989, The geology, botany and chemistry of selected peat-forming environments from temperate and tropical latitudes: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 12, p. 105-156.

Campbell, M.R., 1929, The coal fields of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 100.

Carpenter, A.M., 1988, Coal classification: London, IEA Coal Research, IEACR/12, 104 p.

Carrascal-Miranda, E.R., and I. Suárez-Ruiz, 2004, Short description of the Peruvian coal basins: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 58, p. 107-117.

Carter, E.F., 1963, Coal: London, Frederik Muller Ltd., 143 p.

Caruccio, F.T., J.C. Ferm, J. Horne, G. Geidel, and B. Baganz, 1977, Paleoenvironment of coal and its relation to drainage quality: EPA Program Report, EPA-600/7-77-067, 108 p.

Casagrande, D.J., and L.D. Erchull, 1976, Metals in Okefenokee peat-forming environments: relation to constituents found in coal: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 40, p. 387-393.

Casareo, F.E., S.C. George, B.D. Batts, and P.J. Conaghan, 1996, The effects of varying tissue preservation on the aliphatic hydrocarbons within a high-volatile bituminous coal: Organic Geochemistry, v. 24, p. 785-800.

Cecil, C.B., R.W. Stanton, S.G. Neuzil, F.T. Dulong, L.F. Ruppert, and B.S. Pierce, 1985, Paleoclimate controls on late Paleozoic sedimentation and peat formation in the central Appalachian Basin (U.S.A.), in T.L. Phillips and C.B. Cecil, eds., Paleoclimate controls on coal resources of the Pennsylvanian System of North America: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 5, p. 195-230.

Cecil, C.B., 1990, Paleoclimate controls on stratigraphic repetition of chemical and siliciclastic rocks: Geology, v. 18, p. 533-536.

Cecil, C.B., F.T. Dulong, J.C. Cobb, and Supardi, 1993, Allogenic and autogenic controls on sedimentation in the central Sumatra Basin ad an analogue for Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata in the Appalachian Basin, in J.C. Cobb and C.B. Cecil, eds., Modern and ancient coal-forming environments: Geological Society of America Special Paper 286, p. 3-22.

Cecil, C.B., 2013, An overview and interpretation of autocyclic and allocyclic processes and the accumulation of strata during the Pennsylvanian-Permian transition in the central Appalachian Basin, USA: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 119, p. 21-31.

Çelik, Y., A.Í. Karayiğit, X. Querol, R.G. Oskay, M. Mastalerz, M.S.K. Őzer, 2017, Coal characteristics, palynology, and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Yenikőy coal of Late Oligocene age in the Thrace Basin (NW Turkey): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 181, p. 103-123.

Chaffee, A.L., R.B. Johns, M.J. Baerken, J.W. De Leeuw, P.A. Schenck, and J.J. Boon, 1984, Chemical effects in gelification processes and lithotype formation in Victorian brown coal: Organic Geochemistry, v. 6, p. 409-416.

Chagué-Goff, C., and W.S. Fyfe, 1996, Geochemical and petrographical characteristics of a domed bog, Nova Scotia: a modern analogue for temperate coal deposits: Organic Geochemistry, v. 24, p. 141-158.

Chalmers, G.R.L., R. Boyd, and C.F.K. Diessel, 2013, Accommodation-based coal cycles and significant surface correlation of low-accommodation Lower Cretaceous coal seams, Lloydminster heavy oil field, Alberta, Canada: Implications for coal quality distribution: AAPG Bulletin, v. 97, p. 1347-1369.

Chaloner, W.G., 1989, Fossil charcoal as an indicator of palaeoatmospheric oxygen level: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 146, part 1, p. 171-174.

Chesnut, D.R., Jr., J.C. Cobb, and S.F. Greb, 1993, Cyclothems of the central Appalachian Basin: a modern analog from Indonesia: 12th International Congress of Stratigraphy and Geology of the Carboniferous and Permian, Comptes Rendus, v. 2, p. 431-436.

Chesnut, D.R., Jr., 1994, Eustatic and tectonic control of deposition of the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian strata of the central Appalachian Basin, in J.M. Dennison and F.R. Ettensohn, eds., Tectonic and eustatic controls on sedimentary cycles: SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, v. 4, p. 51-64.

Christanis, K., 1994, The genesis of the Nissi peatland (northwestern Greece) as an example of peat and lignite deposit formation in Greece: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 26, p. 63-77.

Christanis, K., 2004, Coal facies studies in Greece: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 58, p. 99-106.

Christophel, D.C., and D.R. Greenwood, 1989, Changes in climate and vegetation in Australia during the Tertiary: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 58, p. 95-109.

Clark, D.T., and R. Wilson, 1984, Some aspects of the surface chemistry of coal, kerogen and bitumen as revealed by ESCA: Organic Geochemistry, v. 6, p. 455-461.

Close, J.C., 1993, Natural fractures in coal, in B.E. Law and D.D. Rice, eds., Hydrocarbons from coal: AAPG Studies in Geology 38, p. 119-132.

Cobb, J.C., and C.B. Cecil, eds., 1993, Modern and ancient coal-forming environments: Geological Society of America Special Paper 286, 202 p.

Cody, G.D., and G. Sághi-Szabó, 1999, Calculation of the 13C NMR chemical shift of ether linkages in lignin derived geopolymers: constraints on the preservation of lignin primary structure with diagenesis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p. 193-205.

Cohen, A.D., 1968, Petrology of some peats of southern Florida: with special reference to the origin of coal: State College, Pennsylvania State University, unpublished PhD thesis, 352 p.

Cohen, A.D., 1970, An allochthonous peat deposit from southern Florida: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2477-2482.

Cohen, A.D., and W. Spackman, 1972, Methods in peat petrology and their application to reconstruction of paleoenvironments: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 129-141.

Cohen, A.D., 1973, Petrology of some Holocene peat sediments from the Okefenokee swamp-marsh complex of southern Georgia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 3867-3878.

Cohen, A.D., 1974, Evidence of fires in the ancient Everglades and coastal swamps of southern Florida: Miami Geological Society Memoir 2, p. 213-218.

Cohen, A.D., and W. Spackman, 1974, The petrology of peats from the Everglades and coastal swamps of southern Florida: Miami Geological Society Memoir 2, p. 233-255.

Cohen, A.D., 1974, Petrography and paleoecology of Holocene peats from the Okefenokee swamp-marsh complex of Georgia: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 44, p. 716-726.

Cohen, A.D., 1975, Peats from the Okefenokee swamp-marsh complex: Geoscience and Man, v. 11, p. 123-131.

Cohen, A.D., and W. Spackman, 1977, Phytogenic organic sediments and sedimentary environments in the Everglades-Mangrove complex, part II. Origin, description, and classification of the peats of south Florida: Palaeontographica, v. 162, part B, p. 71-114.

Cohen, A.D., and W. Spackman, 1980, Phytogenic organic sediments and sedimentary environments in the Everglades-Mangrove complex of Florida, part III. The alteration of plant material in peats and the origin of coal macerals: Palaeontographica, v. 172, part B, p. 125-149.

Cohen, A.D., 1983, Obtaining more precise descriptions of peats by use of oriented microtome sections, in P.M. Jarrett, ed., Testing of peats and organic soils: ASTM Special Technical Publication (STP) 820, p. 21-36.

Cohen, A.D., 1983, Micropetrographic characterization of peats, in C.H. Fuchsman and S.A. Spigarelli, eds., International symposium on peat utilization: Bemidji, Minnesota, Center for Environmental Studies, Bemidji State University, p. 431-443.

Cohen, A.D., and M.J. Andrejko, 1984, Premaceral contents of peats correlated with proximate and ultimate analyses, in R.E. Winans and J.C. Crelling, eds., Chemistry and characterization of coal macerals: ASTM Symposium Series 252, p. 21-32.

Cohen, A.D., D.J. Casagrande, M.J. Andrejko, and G.R. Best, eds., 1984, The Okefenokee swamp: its natural history, geology, and geochemistry: Columbia, South Carolina, Wetland Surveys,

Cohen, A.D., 1984, The Okefenokee swamp: a low sulphur end-member of a shoreline-related depositional model for coastal plain coals, in R.A. Rahmani and R.M. Flores, eds., Sedimentology of coal and coal-bearing sequences: International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 7, Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p. 231-240.

Cohen, A.D., W. Spackman, and P. Dolsen, 1984, Occurrence and distribution of sulfur in peat-forming environments of southern Florida: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 4, p. 73-96.

Cohen, A.D., W. Spackman, and R. Raymond, Jr., 1987, Interpreting the characteristics of coal seams from chemical, physical and petrographic studies of peat deposits, in A.C. Scott, ed., Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances: London, Geological Society Special Publication 32, Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications, p. 107-125.

Cohen, A.D., M.S. Rollins, J.R. Durig, and R. Raymond, Jr., 1991, Development of a peat sample bank: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 10, no. 4, p. 145-151.

Cohen, A.D., and E.M. Stack, 1996, Some observations regarding the potential effects of doming of tropical peat deposits on the composition of coal beds: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 29, p. 39-65. (erratum, v. 30, p. 271)

Cohen, A.D., and A.M. Bailey, 1997, Petrographic changes induced by artificial coalfication of peat: comparison of two planar facies (Rhizophora and Cladium) from the Everglades-Mangrove complex of Florida and a dome facies (Cyrilla) from the Okefenokee Swamp of Georgia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 34, p. 163-194.

Cohen, A.D., C.P. Cage, and W.S. Moore, 1999, Combining organic petrography and palynology to assess anthropogenic impacts on peatlands. Part 1. An example from the northern Everlades of Florida: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 39, p. 3-45.

Cohen, A.D., C.P. Cage, W.S. Moore, and R.S. VanPelt, 1999, Combining organic petrography and palynology to assess anthropogenic impacts on peatlands. Part 2. An example from a Carolina Bay wetland at the Savannah River site in South Carolina: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 39, p. 47-95.

Collinson, M.E., and A.C. Scott, 1987, Implications of vegetational change through the geological record on models for coal-forming environments, in A.C. Scott, ed., Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances: London, Geological Society Special Publication 32, p. 67-85.

Cook, S.F., 1964, The nature of charcoal excavated at archaeological sites: American Antiquity, v. 29, p. 514-517.

Cope, M.J., 1980, Physical and chemical properties of coalified and charcoalified phytoclasts from some British Mesozoic sediments: an organic geochemical approach to palaeobotany, in A.G. Douglas and J.R. Maxwell, eds., Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1979: New York, Pergamon Press, p. 663-677.

Cope, M.J., and W.G. Chaloner, 1985, Wildfire: an interaction of biological and physical processes, in B.H. Tiffney, ed., Geological factors and the evolution of plants: New Haven, Yale University Press, p. 257-277.

Correa da Silva, Z.C., 2004, Coal facies studies in Brazil: a short review: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 58, p. 119-124.

Courel, L., 1989, Organics versus clastics: conditions necessary for peat (coal) development: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 12, p. 193-207.

Crosdale, P.J., 1993, Coal maceral ratios as indicators of environment of deposition: do they work for ombrogenous mires? An example from the Miocene of New Zealand: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 797-809.

Crosdale, P.J., 1995, Lithotype sequences in the early Miocene Maryville coal measures, New Zealand: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 28, p. 37-50.

Crosdale, P.J., 2004, Coal facies studies in Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 58, p. 125-130.

Cross, T.A., 1988, Controls on coal distribution in transgressive-regressive cycles, Upper Cretaceous, Western Interior, U.S.A., in C.K. Wilgus, B.S. Hastings, C.G. st. C. Kendall, H.W. Posamentier, C.A. Ross, and J.C. van Wagoner, eds., Sea-level changes: an integrated approach: SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 371-380.

Czimczik, C.I., C.M. Preston, M.W.I. Schmidt, R.A. Werner, and E.-D. Schulze, 2002, Effects of charring on mass, organic carbon, and stable isotope composition of wood: Organic Geochemistry, v. 33, p. 1207-1223.

Dapples, E.C., and M.E. Hopkins, eds., 1969, Environments of coal deposition: Geological Society of America Special Paper 114, 204 p.

Davies, R., C. Diessel, J. Howell, S. Flint, and R. Boyd, 2005, Vertical and lateral variation in the petrography of the Upper Cretaceous Sunnyside coal of eastern Utah, USA—implications for the recognition of high-resolution accommodation changes in paralic coal seams: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 61, p. 13-33.

Davis, A., 1978, Compromise in coal seam description: ASTM STP 661, p. 33-40.

Davis, A., 1992, Coal under the microscope—deciphering the influence of depositional environment: University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, Energeia, v. 3, no. 6, p. 1,2,4.

Davis, R.C., S.W. Noon, and J. Harrington, 2007, The petroleum potential of Tertiary coals from western Indonesia: Relationship to mire type and sequence stratigraphic setting: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 70, p. 35-52.

Dawson, F.M., A.R. Cameron, and T. Jerzykiewicz, 1989, Distribution and character of coal in the Battle River coalfield, east-central Alberta, in Contributions to Canadian coal geoscience: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 89-8, p. 49-61.

Degani-Schmidt, I., M. Guerra-Sommer, J. de Oliveira Mendonça, J. Graciano Mendonça Filho, A. Jasper, M. Cazzulo-Klepzig, and R. Iannuzzi, 2015, Charcoalified logs as evidence of hypautochthonous/autochthonous wildfire events in a peat-forming environment from the Permian of southern Paraná Basin (Brazil): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 146, p. 55-67.