Chapter 12: The Changing Frontier Vocabulary

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Chapter 12, Lesson 1

pathfinder

flatboat

canal

lock

Chapter 12, Lesson 2

pioneer

tall tale

Chapter 12, Lesson 3

trespass

consequence

Chapter 12, Lesson 4

encroach

Chapter 12, Lesson 5

reservation

assimilate

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Chapter 12, Lesson 1: A Growing Population

New Waves of Immigrants

  • Many new immigrants began to arrive, and several of them moved west

Through the Cumberland Gap

  • Daniel Boone was a pathfinder who used an old Indian trial through the Cumberland Gap to make a road to Kentucky later named the Wilderness Road
  • Overland wagons made the trip, as there were no supplies in the frontier and settlers must bring what they needed
  • Eventually the National Road was made in order to enable easier travel

Using Waterways

  • Farmers began transporting goods on barges
  • The steam ship was invented by Robert Fulton
  • People built canals, like the Erie Canal, where no waterways existed and used locks to help in the elevation change

Chapter 12,Lesson 2: Pioneer Life

A Frontier Home

  • Life in western settlements was hard, but natural resources were plentiful
  • Many used trees to build log cabins which were usually two rooms

Working Together

  • Had to work from morning until night on their farms
  • Chores could take all day
  • Even young children worked on frontier farms

Legendary Pioneers

  • People made up tall tales about real and fictional pioneers like Johnny Appleseed and Paul Bunyan

New States

  • As people began moving west, territories became states

Chapter12, Lesson 3: Exploring the West

The Louisiana Purchase

  • Jefferson became the third President and was worried that France owning Louisiana would stop the US from expanding
  • Jefferson offered Napoleon Bonaparte to buy Louisiana, and since France needed money for a war with England, he sold it
  • The LouisianaTerritory doubled the size of the US for only $15 million

Exploring Louisiana

  • Lewis and Clark led and expedition and hired Sacagawea’s husband to help them explore the land surrounding the Missouri River, traveling for more than a year and eventually reaching the Pacific Ocean
  • They had mapped the whole expedition, which helped settlers in later years find their way west

Pike’s Journey

  • Zebulon Pike explored the Rocky Mountains, accidentally crossing into SpanishTerritory
  • He reported the people needed manufactured goods which started the US sending traders to the Southwest

Chapter 12Lesson 4: The War of 1812

Tecumseh’s Plan

  • As settlers moved west, they moved onto Indian lands, angering tribes
  • Tecumseh urged tribes to unite with the British to fight against Americans
  • Britain was afraid of America getting bigger

A Second War with Britain

  • Britain was at war with France and attacked Am ships who tried to trade with the French
  • Americans were angry and fought battles with the British—Battle of Thames Tecumseh died
  • British surrounded Washington, DC and burned the White House then moved on to New Orleans
  • Britain and US signed a peace treaty ending the war

Ch 12, L 5: American Indian Life Changes

The Seminole Wars

  • Gen Andrew Jackson led soldiers to Florida to fight the Seminoles for the land and forced Seminoles to move to a reservation
  • A 2nd & 3rd war broke out, but US won again

Indian Removal

  • Cherokees learned American culture, but kept their own language and adopted a form of gov’t, but US didn’t like that
  • Indian Removal Act signed by Andrew Jackson said all Indians East of Mississippi River had to give up land and move west to Oklahoma
  • Cherokee nation took state of Georgia to court to argue against being moved off their land and won the case, but Pres. Jackson didn’t enforce it
  • Van Buren elected President and finished removing the Cherokee from their lands

Trail of Tears

  • US soldiers came in and forced Cherokee to live under bad conditions eventually forcing all Cherokee off their lands
  • One fourth of all Cherokee died along the harsh journey to the new lands due to poor conditions

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