Ch 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems

3.1 Community Ecology (pgs. 60-64)

Main Idea – All living organisms are limited by factors in the environment.

  1. A biological ______is a group of interacting ______that occupy the same area at the same time.
  2. *A ______is any abiotic or biotic factor that ______the numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.
  3. Name 8 abiotic limiting factors.______

______

______

  1. Factors that restrict the growth of one population might enable another to ______.
  2. *The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotic factors is called ______. For any environmental factor, there is an upper limit and a lower limit for survival called the ______.
  3. *The change in an ecosystem that happens when one community replaces another is ______.
  4. *______occurs in an area of exposed rock that does not have any topsoil. It occurs slowly with ______being the first organisms to appear. These are called ______species and help create ______by breaking down rocks.
  5. *A ______community is a stable, mature community that results when there is little change in composition of species.
  6. ______is the orderly and ______change *that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil remains intact.
  7. Secondary succession usually occurs ______than primary succession because ______already exists.
  8. The end point of succession after a disturbance cannot be ______.
  9. Due to several factors, it is ______to determine if succession has reached a ______community ______on Earth.

Vocabulary 3.1

Range of tolerance- Upper limit and lower limit that define the conditions in which an organism can live

Zone of physiological stress- Organism can survive this range but experience physiological stress, such as the inability to grow or reproduce

Zone of intolerance- The organism cannot survive

3.2 Terrestrial Biomes

Main Idea- Ecosystems on land are grouped into biomes primarily based on the ______communities within them.

  1. *______is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific place and time.
  2. *______is the distance of any point on the surface of Earth north or south from the equator. Latitude helps to determine the three zones ______, ______, ______.
  3. *The ______weather conditions in an area, including temperature and precipitation, describe the area’s ______.
  4. A ______is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities.
  5. Biomes are classified by their ______, ______, and______.

There are ______biomes

  1. *The tundra is a ______biome with a layer of permanently frozen soil below the surface called______. Plants have ______as an adaptation for growing in the thawed ground in the summer.

Average precipitation: ______Temperature range: ______

  1. *The boreal forest, also called ______or ______, is located south of the tundra.

Temperature/precipitation: summers are ______and moist; winters are long, ______, and dry Plant life: Dense ______

  1. *Temperate forests are composed mostly of ______trees. (shed their leaves annually). Abiotic factors: ______; summers are hot, winters are cold; Located south of ______
  2. In the United States, shrubland is called ______.
  3. *Grasslands support grasses and do not become forests due to ______, grazing animals, and fires. They have different names around the world; they are known as ______in North American

Grasslands are known as “______” because most of world grains grow there

  1. *Deserts exist on every continent except ______. It is any area in which the annual rate of ______exceeds the rate of ______. Abiotic factors: varying temperatures; ______

Biotic factors: ______

  1. *A tropical savanna is characterized by ______and scattered ______. These occur in ______, ______, and ______. Abiotic factors: hot, ______summers; cool, dry ______.
  2. *Tropical seasonal forests resemble ______forests because trees ______drop their leaves to conserve water. Abiotic factors: ______climate with seasonal rainfall
  3. *The ______is the most diverse of all land biomes. It has warm ______and large amounts of ______. Tall trees are part of the ______or top layer of the tropical rain forest. Shorter trees, shrubs, and ferns are found in the ______. Abiotic factors: ______all year; hot and wet; rapid decay
  4. Polar regions are ice masses lacking ______and therefore, are not true biomes.