Box 2 Examples of Critical Enabler Activities and Indicators for Service Delivery Providers

Critical enabler interventions / Rationale / Responsibility / Activities- Examples / Indicators – Examples
Social Enablers:
Stigma reduction / Reduction in discrimination againstpeople living with HIV and keypopulations at higher risk;
enables uptake of HIV prevention and treatment services / Most at risk populations and people living with HIV, local community leaders, activist and religious leaders;
employers and workers’ organizations, HIV caregivers, relevant government agencies – health, interior, criminal justice, prison administration / Increasing knowledge about HIV transmission and its causes and impact; engaging community, religious and political leaders to challenge stereotypes and norms, values andculture that fuel stigma / Output: Number of stigma reduction sessions held with religious leaders
Outcome: Percentage of sex workers that experience stigma
Community mobilisation / Enables the mobilization and organization of groups such as sexworkers and other key populations at higher risk, as their participation in HIV prevention services is essential / Community leaders, activists, local government and networks of people living with HIV, key populationsat higher risk / Identification of key populations at higher risk that need HIV services and key hotspots through which information and services will be disseminated; establishing networks of people living with HIV and other key populations for sharing information, education and communication; engaging the family members of key populations at higher risk and wider community to support information, education and communication initiatives; community empowerment and violence reduction strategies among key populations at higher risk / Output: Number of sex worker networks
Outcome: Percentage of sex workers reached by networks/community empowerment interventions
Local responses to change the risk environment / Enable positive changes at the local level by addressing norms, values, culture and religious beliefs that negatively influence risk behaviour, such as through community conversations / Traditional leaders, local decision-makers, religious leaders and caregivers / Data about local HIV prevalence and mapping of local HIV service providers; engagement of local government, religious and traditional leaders and networks of people living with HIV and key populations at higher risk; engagement of local government, religious and traditional leaders to promote gender equality and reduce harmful gender norms / Output: Number of local government, religious and traditional leaders that participate in gender equality interventions
Outcome: Percentage of local government, religious or traditional leaders that report stigma towards key populations
Programme Enablers:
Community-centred design and delivery / Enables community participationand ensures the sustainability ofprevention and treatment programmes / Community leaders, activists, employers and workers organizations, local government andnetworks of people living with HIV and key populations at higher risk / Participatory needs assessments and planning of the programme activities to identify key high-risk behaviour and its causes and consequences;
Participatory monitoring of programme activities to identify bottlenecks, lessons learned and corrective actions / Output: Number of needs assessments in which individuals from key populations participated.
Health education / Develops healthy attitude and skills so learners and youth reduce their HIV risk; helps reduce stigma and discrimination of key populations at higher risk and people living with HIV / Ministry of education, schools, teachers, teachers, training institutions, private and public schools, formal and non-formal education providers such asreligious schools, community-run schools and civil society / Incorporating skills-based activities for HIV into information, education and communication and curricula; train and support teachers; regular assessment of knowledge, attitudes, skills and behaviour / Output: Number of schools that that include skills-based activities for HIV in curricula
Outcome: Percentage of teachers reporting stigma towards key populations
Percentage of youth with skills-based HIV knowledge, attitudes and behaviours
Gender equality and gender-based violence interventions / Enables promotion of safer sexnegotiation and behaviour bytransforming harmful gender norms and empowerment of women and transgender people, including keypopulations at higher risk such as sex workers / Community leaders, women, men, microfinance institutions, schools, police, sex workers, media / Empowerment of women and transgender people through gender equality and HIV training; community mobilization, peer-based participatoryeducation challenging harmful gender norms, particularly among men, boys and girls / Output: Number of transgender individuals that participate in gender equality and HIV training
Outcome: Percentage of transgender individuals reached by gender equality and HIV training
Percentage of transgender individuals reached by peer-based participatory education challenging harmful gender norms

Adapted from:UNDP/UNAIDS (2012).Understanding and acting on critical enablers and development synergies for strategic investments.