PREGNANCY 2006<429>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2007003791
Authors Brook D.W. Zhang C. Rosenberg G. Brook J.S.
Institution
(Brook, Zhang, Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New YorkUniversity, School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
(Rosenberg) Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount SinaiSchool of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
(Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New York University, School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and child aggressive behavior.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(6)(pp 450-456), 2006. Date of Publication: Nov 2006.
Abstract
This study's objective was to examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood aggressive behavior in African-American and Puerto Rican children, as well as the relationship between maternal unconventional behavior, low maternal affection, and offspring aggression. Participants consisted of African-American and Puerto Rican children (N = 203; mean age = 8.6, SD = 0.87) and their mothers living in an inner city community. An interview consisting of a structured questionnaire was administered to the mothers and their children. Scales with adequate psychometric properties were adapted from previous validated measures. They included maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal education, unconventionality, and warmth. Controlling for demographic factors, maternal unconventional behavior, and low maternal warmth, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with having offspring who were aggressive. Maternal unconventionality and warmth were independently related to childhood aggression. Although causal limitations are noted, it may be that a decrease in smoking during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in aggression in the offspring. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 6
Page 450-456
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Nov 2006
PREGNANCY (A) 2006<508>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006495619
Authors Antonelli T. Tomasini M.C. Tattoli M. Cassano T. Finetti S. Mazzoni E. Trabace L. Carratu M.R. Cuomo V. Tanganelli S. Ferraro L.
Institution
(Antonelli, Tomasini, Finetti, Mazzoni, Tanganelli, Ferraro) Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
(Tattoli, Carratu) Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, University of Bari, Italy.
(Cassano, Trabace) Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy.
(Cuomo) Department of Pharmacology and GeneralPhysiologyUniversity La Sapienza Roma, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide reduces extracellular glutamate levels in primary rat cerebral cortex cell cultures.
Source
Neurochemistry International. 49(6)(pp 568-576), 2006. Date of Publication: Nov 2006.
Abstract
The effects of prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (0.5 mg/kg s.c.), alone or in combination with carbon monoxide, on extracellular glutamate levels in primary rat cerebral cortical neuronal cultures, were investigated. Dam weight gain, pregnancy length and litter size at birth were not affected by prenatal treatment with WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide alone or in combination. Basal and K<sup>+</sup>-evoked extracellular glutamate levels were reduced in cortical cultures from pups born to mothers exposed to WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide alone or in combination compared to cultures from rats born to vehicle-treated mothers. In cultures obtained from rats exposed to vehicle or carbon monoxide alone during gestation, WIN 55,212-2 (0.01-100 nM) increased extracellular glutamate levels, displaying a bell-shaped concentration-response curve. In cultures from rats born to mothers exposed to WIN 55,212-2 alone or in combination with carbon monoxide the WIN 55,212-2 (1 nM)-induced increase in extracellular glutamate levels was lower than that observed in cultures from rats born to vehicle-treated mothers and similar at those observed at 10 and 100 nM concentrations. The selective CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (10 nM) counteracted the WIN 55,212-2-induced increase in extracellular glutamate levels in cultures exposed to vehicle or carbon monoxide during gestation, but failed to antagonise it in cultures from rats born to mothers exposed to WIN 55,212-2 alone or in combination with carbon monoxide. These findings provide evidence that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 and carbon monoxide, alone or in combination, is associated with an impairment in cortical glutamatergic transmission. It could be speculated that such detrimental effects might be involved in the reported deficit in learning and memory associated with prenatal marijuana exposure. copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0197-0186
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neurochemistry International
Volume 49
Issue Part 6
Page 568-576
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Nov 2006
PREGNANCY 2006<580>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006428375
Authors Estelles J. Rodriguez-Arias M. Maldonado C. Aguilar M.A. Minarro J.
Institution
(Estelles, Rodriguez-Arias, Maldonado, Aguilar, Minarro) Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
(Minarro) Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Gestational exposure to cocaine alters cocaine reward.
Source
Behavioural Pharmacology. 17(5-6)(pp 509-515), 2006. Date of Publication: Sep 2006.
Abstract
Exposure of the developing foetus to drugs of abuse during pregnancy may lead to persistent abnormalities of brain systems involved in drug addiction. Mice prenatally exposed to cocaine (25 mg/kg), physiological saline or non-treated during the last 7 days of pregnancy were evaluated in adulthood for the rewarding properties of cocaine (3, 25 and 50 mg/kg), using the conditioned place preference procedure. Dams treated with physiological saline gained significantly less weight over the course of gestation than controls; no other differences were observed in the maternal and offspring data. All the animals developed preference to 3 and 25 mg/kg of cocaine, but those treated prenatally with cocaine did not develop preference after receiving the highest cocaine dose. In these mice, the motor activity in response to 50 mg/kg showed a small decrease. Although a reduced response to the highest cocaine dose can be argued, we suggest that the lack of preference obtained is more likely attributable to an increased sensitivity to the environmental cues associated during training to an aversive effect of this cocaine dose. The aversive properties of cocaine seem to be more apparent and to prevail over the rewarding action of the highest dose in exposed animals. These findings indicate that recurrent gestational cocaine exposure results in permanent (mal)adaptations of the structure and function of brain reward systems. copyright 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ISSN 0955-8810
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Behavioural Pharmacology
Volume 17
Issue Part 5-6
Page 509-515
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Sep 2006
PREGNANCY 2006<586>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006420551
Authors Mawhinney S. Ashe R.G. Lowry J.
Institution
(Mawhinney, Ashe) Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AntrimAreaHospital, 45 Bush Road, AntrimBT41 2RL, United Kingdom.
(Lowry) Child Care Team, AntrimAreaHospital, 45 Bush Road, AntrimBT41 2RL, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance abuse in pregnancy: Opioid substitution in a Northern Ireland maternity unit.
Source
Ulster Medical Journal. 75(3)(pp 187-191), 2006. Date of Publication: Sep 2006.
Abstract
An increase in illicit drug use in Northern Ireland may well have links to the resolution of political conflict, which started in the mid 1990s. Social issues, heretofore hidden, have emerged into the limelight and may be worsened by paramilitary involvement.<sup>1</sup> Registered addicts in the four Health Board areas have shown an increase from 1997 with the greatest number resident within the Northern Board Area.<sup>2</sup> As the prevalence of heroin use in Northern Ireland increased, the Department of Health and Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS) commissioned a report, to recommend the development of substitute prescribing services.<sup>3</sup> A case series of pregnancies was reviewed, within the Northern Board Area, where the mother was taking opioid substitution therapy. This resulted in baseline data of outcome for both mother and baby specific to a Northern Ireland population. The different medications for opioid substitution are also assessed. This information will guide a co-ordinated approach that involves obstetrician, anaesthetist, psychiatrist, midwife and social worker to the care of these high-risk pregnancies. Eighteen pregnancies were identified in the study period. Sixteen of these had viable outcomes. One was a twin pregnancy. Outcome data was therefore available for 17 infants. Information was obtained regarding patients'social and demographic background, drug taking behaviour and substitution regimen. Antenatal and intrapartum care was assessed and infants were followed up to the time of hospital discharge.
ISSN 0041-6193
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal NameUlster Medical Journal
Volume 75
Issue Part 3
Page 187-191
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Sep 2006
PREGNANCY 2006<605>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006382426
Authors Day N.L. Goldschmidt L. Thomas C.A.
Institution
(Day) WPIC, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA15213-2593, United States.
(Day, Goldschmidt, Thomas) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Prenatal marijuana exposure contributes to the prediction of marijuana use at age 14.
Source
Addiction. 101(9)(pp 1313-1322), 2006. Date of Publication: Sep 2006.
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effects of prenatal marijuana exposure (PME) on the age of onset and frequency of marijuana use while controlling for identified confounds of early marijuana use among 14-year-olds. Design: In this longitudinal cohort study, women were recruited in their fourth prenatal month. Women and children were followed throughout pregnancy and at multiple time-points into adolescence. Setting and participants: Recruitment was from a hospital-based prenatal clinic. The women ranged in age from 18 to 42, half were African American and half Caucasian, and most were of lower socio-economic status. The women were generally light to moderate substance users during pregnancy and subsequently. At 14 years, 580 of the 763 offspring-mother pairs (76%) were assessed. A total of 563 pairs (74%) was included in this analysis. Measurements: Socio-demographic, environmental, psychological, behavioral, biological and developmental factors were assessed. Outcomes were age of onset and frequency of marijuana use at age 14. Findings: PME predicted age of onset and frequency of marijuana use among the 14-year-old offspring. This finding was significant after controlling for other variables including the child's current alcohol and tobacco use, pubertal stage, sexual activity, delinquency, peer drug use, family history of drug abuse and characteristics of the home environment including parental depression, current drug use and strictness/supervision. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to marijuana, in addition to other factors, is a significant predictor of marijuana use at age 14. copyright 2006 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 9
Page 1313-1322
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Sep 2006
PREGNANCY 2006<623>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006373747
Authors Blalock J. Robinson J. Wetter D. Cinciripini P.
Institution
(Blalock, Robinson, Wetter, Cinciripini) University of Texas, M.D.AndersonCancerCenter, Houston, TX, United States.
(Blalock) Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Relationship of DSM-IV-based depressive disorders to smoking cessation and smoking reduction in pregnant smokers.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 15(4)(pp 268-277), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Aug 2006.
Abstract
This study investigated DSM-IV depressive disorders as predictors of smoking cessation and reduction in 81 pregnant smokers participating in a smoking cessation trial. Thirty-two percent of the sample met criteria for current dysthymia, major depressive disorder in partial remission, or minor depression. There was no significant reduction in smoking among women with or without current depressive disorders. Unexpectedly, as compared to women without depressive disorders, women with dysthymia significantly increased the mean number of cigarettes smoked (from 8 to 23 cigarettes per day during the 2 to 30 days post-targeted quit date period) and were smoking significantly more cigarettes at 30 days. A main effect approaching significance suggested that women with current depressive disorders were less likely to be abstinent than women without current depressive disorders (OR = 6.3; 3.9% vs. 12.7% at 30 days post-targeted quit date; 0% vs. 6.2% at 30 days post-partum). Results add to previous findings indicating a correlation between depressive symptoms and continued smoking in pregnant women. Further investigation of mood-focused smoking cessation interventions may be warranted. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 15
Issue Part 4
Page 268-277
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Aug 2006
PREGNANCY 2006<633>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006362043
Authors Wang X. Dow-Edwards D. Anderson V. Minkoff H. Hurd Y.L.
Institution
(Wang, Hurd) Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
(Dow-Edwards) Department of Pharmacology, StateUniversity of New York, New York, NY, United States.
(Anderson) Department of Pathology, StateUniversity of New York, New York, NY, United States.
(Minkoff) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MaimonidesMedicalCenter, KingsCountyHospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Discrete opioid gene expression impairment in the human fetal brain associated with maternal marijuana use.
Source
Pharmacogenomics Journal. 6(4)(pp 255-264), 2006. Date of Publication: Jul 2006.
Abstract
Fetal development is a period sensitive to environmental influences such as maternal drug use. The most commonly used illicit drug by pregnant women is marijuana. The present study investigated the effects of in utero marijuana exposure on expression levels of opioid-related genes in the human fetal forebrain in light of the strong interaction between the cannabinoid and opioid systems. The study group consisted of 42 midgestation fetuses from saline-induced voluntary abortions. The opioid peptide precursors (preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin (PENK)) and receptor (mu, kappa and delta) mRNA expression were assessed in distinct brain regions. The effect of prenatal cannabis exposure was analyzed by multiple regression controlling for confounding variables (maternal alcohol and cigarette use, fetal age, sex, growth measure and post-mortem interval). Prenatal cannabis exposure was significantly associated with increased mu receptor expression in the amygdala, reduced kappa receptor mRNA in mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and reduced preproenkephalin expression in the caudal putamen. Prenatal alcohol exposure primarily influenced the kappa receptor mRNA with reduced levels in the amygdala, claustrum, putamen and insula cortex. No significant effect of prenatal nicotine exposure could be discerned in the present study group. These results indicate that maternal cannabis and alcohol exposure during pregnancy differentially impair opioid-related genes in distinct brain circuits that may have long-term effects on cognitive and emotional behaviors.
ISSN 1470-269X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Pharmacogenomics Journal
Volume 6
Issue Part 4
Page 255-264
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jul 2006
PREGNANCY 2006<685>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006287384
Authors Forrester M. Merz R.
Institution
(Forrester, Merz) Hawaii Birth Defects Program, Honolulu, HI, United States.
(Merz) Hawaii Birth Defects Program, 76 North King Street, #208, Honolulu, HI 9681-5157, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Comparison of trends in gastroschisis and prenatal illicit drug use rates.
Source
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues. 69(13)(pp 1253-1259), 2006. Date of Publication: 01 Jul 2006.
Abstract
Gastroschisis rates have been increasing over time, and gastroschisis risk is elevated in women of young maternal age. Similar patterns were reported for prenatal illicit drug use in Hawaii. Cases of gastroschisis and prenatal use of methamphetamine, cocaine, or marijuana among deliveries in Hawaii during 1986-2002 were identified from a common registry. The pattern of gastroschisis rates by maternal age and time period was compared to the pattern of prenatal illicit drug use rates. The prenatal marijuana use rate among gastroschisis cases was significantly greater than among the total population. Prenatal methamphetamine and cocaine rates were not significantly elevated among gastroschisis cases. The gastroschisis rate was highest among the youngest maternal age group, then declined with increasing maternal age. Only prenatal marijuana use demonstrated a similar pattern, but the ratio of the gastroschisis rate to the prenatal marijuana use rate declined with increasing maternal age. The gastroschisis rate increased during the 17-yr period. Both methamphetamine and marijuana demonstrated similar annual trends; however, the ratio of the gastroschisis rates to the illicit drug use rates varied greatly for the 2 drugs over time. The results of this investigation suggest that prenatal illicit drug use of methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana may not play a major role in explaining the increased risk of gastroschisis among younger mothers and the annual increases that have been reported. Copyrightcopyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ISSN 1528-7394
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues
Volume 69
Issue Part 13
Page 1253-1259
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 01 Jul 2006
PREGNANCY 2006<732>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006232731
Authors Burns L. Mattick R.P. Cooke M.
Institution
(Burns, Mattick) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
(Cooke) Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, Australia.
(Burns) National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The use of record linkage to examine illicit drug use in pregnancy.
Source
Addiction. 101(6)(pp 873-882), 2006. Date of Publication: Jun 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To examine the obstetric and perinatal outcomes for women with a drug-related hospital admission during pregnancy. Design: Antenatal and birth admissions to New South Wales (NSW) hospitals from the NSW Inpatient Statistics Collection were linked to birth information from the NSW Midwives Data Collection over a 5-year period (1998-2002). Measurements: Birth admissions were flagged as positive for drug use where a birth admission or any pregnancy admission for that birth involved an opioid, cannabis or stimulant-related International Classification of Diseases version 10 Australian modification (ICD-10AM) code. Findings: A total of 416 834 live births were analysed over a 5-year period (1998-2002). Of these, 1974 pregnancies had an opioid ICD-10AM diagnosis recorded, 552 a stimulant-related ICD-10AM and 2172 a cannabis ICD-10AM diagnosis. Births in each of the drug groups were to women who were younger, had a higher number of previous pregnancies, were indigenous, smoked heavily and were not privately insured. These women also presented later in their pregnancy to antenatal services and were more likely to arrive at hospital unbooked. Neonates born to women in each of the drug groups were more likely to be premature and were admitted to neonatal intensive care and special care nursery more often, with neonates born to women in the opioid group admitted most often. Conclusions: Linked population level administrative data is a powerful method for examining the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with the use of specific illicit drugs during pregnancy. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.