Supplemental Table 1: Weighteda cross tabulation of household income category and difficulty meeting monthly bills in black and white adults ≥35 years old from the 2005/2006 National Health Measurement Study (n = 3666).a

Household Income Category / Difficulty Meeting Monthly Bills
Extremely Difficult
n (column %) / Very Difficult
n (column %) / Somewhat Difficult
n (column %) / Slightly Difficult
n (column %) / Not Difficult At All
n (column %) / Total
N
<$10,000 / 21 (21) / 23 (16) / 25 (5) / 15 (2) / 27 (1) / 111
$10,000-$14,999 / 19 (19) / 18 (13) / 29 (6) / 14 (2) / 21 (1) / 101
$15,000-$19,000 / 17 (17) / 13 (9) / 47 (10) / 27 (4) / 52 (3) / 157
$20,000-$24,999 / 14 (14) / 20 (14) / 24 (5) / 47 (7) / 63 (3) / 168
$25,000-$34,999 / 20 (20) / 19 (14) / 87 (19) / 65 (10) / 145 (7) / 337
$35,000-$49,999 / 3 (3) / 14 (10) / 81 (17) / 103 (16) / 291 (15) / 493
$50,000-$74,999 / 7 (7) / 26 (19) / 93 (20) / 165 (25) / 435 (22) / 726
≥$75,000 / 2 (2) / 7 (5) / 82 (18) / 224 (34) / 939 (48) / 1252
Total / 102 / 140 / 468 / 661 / 1973 / 3344

asampling and post-stratification weights to adjust results to the U.S. adult population.

b all weighted counts were rounded.

Supplemental Table 2: Weightedacross tabulation of asset category and difficulty meeting monthly bills in black and white adults ≥35 years old from the 2005/2006 National Health Measurement Study (n = 3666).b

Asset Category / Difficulty Meeting Monthly Bills
Extremely Difficult (column %) / Very Difficult (column %) / Somewhat Difficult (column %) / Slightly Difficult (column %) / Not Difficult at All (column %) / Total
<$10,000 / 87 (80) / 94 (67) / 177 (39) / 131 (20) / 129 (7) / 618
$10,000-$24,999 / 9 (8) / 19 (13) / 60 (13) / 126 (20) / 228 (12) / 442
$25,000-$49,999 / 8 (7) / 17 (12) / 89 (20) / 119 (19) / 240 (13) / 474
$50,000-$74,999 / 5 (5) / 3 (2) / 31 (7) / 75 (12) / 171 (9) / 285
$75,000-$99,000 / 0 (0) / 3 (2) / 27 (6) / 44 (7) / 186 (10) / 260
≥$100,000 / 0 (0) / 5 (4) / 64 (14) / 148 (23) / 944 (50) / 1161
Total / 109 / 141 / 449 / 642 / 1899 / 3239

asampling and post-stratification weights to adjust results to the U.S. adult population.

b all weighted counts were rounded.

Supplemental Table 3. Health utility measures regressed (weighted least squares) on three modelsin black and white adults ≥35 years old fromthe 2005/2006 National Health Measurement Study (n = 3666). Reference categories are “income ≥$75,000,” “assets ≥$100,000,” and “bill payments somewhat or slightly difficult.” All models are adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and eleven chronic health conditions.

EQ-5D-3L
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.048 / 0.013 / 0.0002 / -0.029 / 0.012 / 0.014
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.017 / 0.011 / 0.119 / -0.004 / 0.010 / 0.735
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / -0.007 / 0.008 / 0.395 / -0.004 / 0.008 / 0.627
Assets <$25,000 / -0.003 / 0.008 / 0.749 / 0.007 / 0.008 / 0.415
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / -0.011 / 0.008 / 0.178 / -0.009 / 0.008 / 0.280
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.017 / 0.007 / 0.016 / 0.007 / 0.017
Bill payments very difficult / -0.084 / 0.015 / -0.081 / 0.015 / <.0001
R-sq / 0.370 / 0.388 / 0.392
HUI3
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.084 / 0.023 / 0.0003 / -0.059 / 0.022 / 0.007
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.039 / 0.019 / 0.045 / -0.022 / 0.020 / 0.264
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / -0.009 / 0.013 / 0.499 / -0.004 / 0.013 / 0.741
Assets <$25,000 / -0.004 / 0.015 / 0.795 / 0.010 / 0.015 / 0.494
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / 0.005 / 0.013 / 0.688 / 0.009 / 0.014 / 0.502
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.030 / 0.011 / 0.008 / 0.027 / 0.012 / 0.022
Bill payments very difficult / -0.125 / 0.029 / <.0001 / -0.111 / 0.029 / 0.0001
R-sq / 0.342 / 0.354 / 0.359
SF-6D
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.037 / 0.013 / 0.003 / -0.023 / 0.012 / 0.057
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.015 / 0.010 / 0.132 / -0.003 / 0.010 / 0.781
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / 0.002 / 0.008 / 0.850 / 0.005 / 0.008 / 0.547
Assets <$25,000 / -0.024 / 0.008 / 0.005 / -0.014 / 0.009 / 0.120
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / -0.020 / 0.008 / 0.012 / -0.016 / 0.008 / 0.042
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.029 / 0.007 / <.0001 / 0.025 / 0.007 / 0.001
Bill payments very difficult / -0.056 / 0.012 / <.0001 / -0.048 / 0.012 / <.0001
R-sq / 0.342 / 0.354 / 0.361
QWB-SA
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.017 / 0.015 / 0.261 / -0.001 / 0.015 / 0.933
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.015 / 0.012 / 0.229 / -0.001 / 0.012 / 0.914
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / -0.003 / 0.009 / 0.709 / 0.000 / 0.009 / 0.999
Assets <$25,000 / -0.013 / 0.010 / 0.184 / -0.002 / 0.010 / 0.809
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / -0.006 / 0.009 / 0.514 / -0.002 / 0.009 / 0.799
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.027 / 0.008 / 0.0005 / 0.026 / 0.008 / 0.002
Bill payments very difficult / -0.058 / 0.012 / <.0001 / -0.057 / 0.012 / <.0001
R-sq / 0.333 / 0.350 / 0.350

β: parameter estimate.

Supplemental Table 4. Health utility measures regressed (weighted least squares) on three modelsin black and white adults ≥35 years old fromthe 2005/2006 National Health Measurement Study (n = 3666). Reference categories are “income ≥$75,000,” “assets ≥$100,000,” and “bill payments somewhat or slightly difficult.” All models are adjusted for age, sex, race, education, cohabitation, number of children in household, and home ownership.

EQ-5D-3L
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.073 / 0.017 / <.0001 / -0.042 / 0.015 / 0.007
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.032 / 0.015 / 0.035 / -0.009 / 0.014 / 0.503
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / -0.014 / 0.009 / 0.114 / -0.008 / 0.009 / 0.363
Assets <$25,000 / -0.001 / 0.010 / 0.954 / 0.013 / 0.010 / 0.192
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / -0.012 / 0.008 / 0.152 / -0.009 / 0.008 / 0.307
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.030 / 0.007 / <.0001 / 0.028 / 0.008 / 0.0002
Bill payments very difficult / -0.132 / 0.022 / <.0001 / -0.127 / 0.021 / <.0001
R-sq / 0.122 / 0.174 / 0.181
HUI3
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.126 / 0.029 / <.0001 / -0.081 / 0.027 / 0.003
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.057 / 0.026 / 0.026 / -0.026 / 0.025 / 0.294
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / -0.018 / 0.016 / 0.250 / -0.009 / 0.016 / 0.583
Assets <$25,000 / -0.001 / 0.018 / 0.968 / 0.020 / 0.018 / 0.252
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / 0.003 / 0.015 / 0.838 / 0.009 / 0.015 / 0.531
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.052 / 0.013 / <.0001 / 0.049 / 0.013 / 0.0001
Bill payments very difficult / -0.198 / 0.035 / <.0001 / -0.182 / 0.034 / <.0001
R-sq / 0.118 / 0.158 / 0.166
SF-6D
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.059 / 0.016 / 0.0002 / -0.033 / 0.015 / 0.025
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.028 / 0.013 / 0.027 / -0.007 / 0.012 / 0.568
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / -0.003 / 0.009 / 0.740 / 0.003 / 0.009 / 0.726
Assets <$25,000 / -0.022 / 0.009 / 0.020 / -0.009 / 0.010 / 0.366
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / -0.021 / 0.008 / 0.010 / -0.016 / 0.008 / 0.049
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.040 / 0.007 / <.0001 / 0.036 / 0.008 / <.0001
Bill payments very difficult / -0.094 / 0.015 / <.0001 / -0.086 / 0.015 / <.0001
R-sq / 0.128 / 0.170 / 0.179
QWB-SA
Model 1 / Model 2 / Model 3
β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value / β / SE / P-value
Income <$20,000 / -0.049 / 0.020 / 0.012 / -0.020 / 0.018 / 0.280
Income $20,000 to $34,999 / -0.034 / 0.016 / 0.032 / -0.010 / 0.015 / 0.506
Income $35,000 to $74,999 / -0.013 / 0.012 / 0.278 / -0.006 / 0.011 / 0.601
Assets <$25,000 / -0.010 / 0.012 / 0.413 / 0.005 / 0.013 / 0.703
Assets $25,000 to $99,999 / -0.007 / 0.011 / 0.486 / -0.002 / 0.011 / 0.846
Bill Payments not difficult / 0.043 / 0.009 / <.0001 / 0.041 / 0.010 / <.0001
Bill payments very difficult / -0.104 / 0.016 / <.0001 / -0.102 / 0.015 / <.0001
R-sq / 0.114 / 0.163 / 0.164

β: parameter estimate.

1