Cellular Processes Essay Question Study Guide
Use the diagram to answer each question.
1.Identify A and B, which are the raw materials for respiration.
2.Explain where raw materials A and B come from.
3.Identify C and D, which are the products of respiration.
4.Is oxygen required for the stage of respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm? Is oxygen required for the stage of respiration that takes place in mitochondria?
5.Compare the amount of energy released by the stage of respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm with the amount released in the stage of respiration that takes place in the mitochondria.
6.Can you tell whether the cell shown is a plant cell or an animal cell? Explain why or why not.
7.Identify the stages of the cell cycle represented by drawings 1–5 above.
8.Which drawings represent parts of mitosis?
9.List drawings 1-5 in their correct order, beginning with the drawing that represents interphase.
10.Identify structure A and describe its function.
11.Identify the structures labeled B. What do these structures contain?
12.Explain what is happening in drawing 4.
13.Animals do not make their own food from energy in sunlight. Explain why they still depend on the sun for energy.
14.Briefly explain what happens in each of the two stages of photosynthesis.
15.Explain the following statement: Photosynthesis and respiration are opposite processes.
16.Define DNA replication and explain its function.
17.Suppose one side of a piece of DNA contains the following series of nitrogen bases: A-C-G-C-T-T. What is the series of nitrogen bases on the other side of that piece of DNA? Explain how you arrived at your answer.
18.Briefly explain what happens in each of the two stages of respiration. State the end products and where the stages occur in the cell.
19.Compare and contrast the process of cell differentiation in humans and in plants.
20.In the past, severe volcanic eruptions have thrown so much dust into the atmosphere that the amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface has been reduced. Explain what might happen to animal populations as a result, and why.
Cellular Processes Essay Question Study Guide
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1.ANS:
A is glucose. B is oxygen.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:application
2.ANS:
Plants and other organisms that undergo photosynthesis make their own glucose. Animals and other heterotrophs get glucose from the food they consume. Oxygen comes from the surrounding air or water.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:comprehension
3.ANS:
C and D are water and carbon dioxide.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:application
4.ANS:
Oxygen is not required for the stage of respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm. Oxygen is required for the stage of respiration that takes place in mitochondria.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:analysis
5.ANS:
Much more energy is released by the stage of respiration in the mitochondria than by the stage in the cytoplasm.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:analysis
6.ANS:
No, you cannot tell whether the cell is a plant cell or an animal cell, since both types of cells have mitochondria and carry out respiration.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:analysis
7.ANS:
1 is anaphase. 2 is prophase. 3 is interphase. 4 is telophase. 5 is metaphase.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.1 Identify the events that take place during the three stages of the cell cycle.
STA:S 7.1.eBLM:application
8.ANS:
1, 2, 4, and 5 represent parts of mitosis.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.1 Identify the events that take place during the three stages of the cell cycle.
STA:S 7.1.eBLM:application
9.ANS:
The correct order is 3, 2, 5, 1, 4.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.1 Identify the events that take place during the three stages of the cell cycle.
STA:S 7.1.eBLM:analysis
10.ANS:
A is a centromere, which holds the two chromatids of a chromosome together.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.1 Identify the events that take place during the three stages of the cell cycle.
STA:S 7.1.eBLM:application
11.ANS:
The structures are chromatids. They contain condensed chromatin.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.1 Identify the events that take place during the three stages of the cell cycle.
STA:S 7.1.eBLM:application
12.ANS:
A new nuclear membrane is forming around the chromosomes in each end of the cell. The cell membrane is beginning to pinch in around the middle of the cell.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.1 Identify the events that take place during the three stages of the cell cycle.
STA:S 7.1.eBLM:application
ESSAY
13.ANS:
Animals depend indirectly on the sun’s energy. Plants use energy from the sun to produce sugars. Because animals cannot do this, they eat plants or other animals that eat plants. Without plants, animals could not survive.
PTS:1DIF:L3
OBJ:CaLS.4.1.1 Explain how the sun supplies living things with the energy they need.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:synthesis
14.ANS:
The first stage involves capturing the energy in sunlight. The second stage involves using the energy to produce sugars.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.1.2 Describe what happens during the process of photosynthesis.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:comprehension
15.ANS:
During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce sugars and oxygen. During respiration, oxygen combines with glucose to produce water and carbon dioxide.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:analysis
16.ANS:
DNA replication is the process in which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus. DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell produced in the cell cycle has the genetic information it needs for the cell to function.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.2 Explain how the structure of DNA helps account for the way in which DNA copies itself.STA: S 7.2.e BLM: comprehension
17.ANS:
The series of nitrogen bases on the other side would be T-G-C-G-A-A. T always pairs with A, and G always pairs with C.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.3.2 Explain how the structure of DNA helps account for the way in which DNA copies itself.STA: S 7.2.e BLM: analysis
18.ANS:
In the first stage of respiration, glucose molecules are broken down into smaller molecules in the ctyoplasm. In the second stage or respiration, small molecules are broken down into even smaller molecules in the mitochondria. The small molecules combine with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
PTS:1DIF:L2
OBJ:CaLS.4.2.1 Describe the events that occur during respiration.
STA:S 7.1.dBLM:comprehension
19.ANS:
In humans, most cells differentiate early in development and remain fixed in their functions. Stem cells, however, retain the ability to differentiate throughout a person’s life. In plants, some cells also differentiate during development. These cells are like stem cells and can differentiate quickly in response to the needs of the plant. Cells in the stems and roots of plants do not differentiate.
PTS:1DIF:L3
OBJ:CaLS.4.4.2 Identify factors that influence how and when cells differentiate within different organisms. STA: S 7.1.f BLM: analysis
20.ANS:
Sample Answer: If less sunlight is reaching Earth’s surface, plants will not be able to photosynthesize as effectively. Without adequate sunlight, plants will store less energy. Animals relying on the plants for food will not be able to get enough to eat. This could result in starvation.
PTS:1DIF:L3
OBJ:CaLS.4.1.1 Explain how the sun supplies living things with the energy they need.
BLM:synthesis